英语课件宾语从句练习.ppt

TheObjectClause 概念 由一个完整的句子充当整个句子的宾语 这个从句就是宾语从句 它一般放在动词 介词或形容词后面 使用宾语从句时应注意四个方面 一 语序无论主句用什么语序 陈述句或疑问句 宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序 即 主句 连词 宾语从句 主语 谓语 句式 Eg TheyaskedmehowoldIwas Doyouaskhimifhecanunderstandthat 应用中应注意 当主句的谓语动词是think believe guess say等词时 一般要把宾语从句的连接代词或副词移到句首 Eg Whodoyouthinkcomesfirst Whydoyousaythatiswrong 在某些带有复合宾语的句子中 that引导的句子前常加it作形式宾语 Eg IfinditcleartomethatIshouldstudyhard 二 连词1 如果宾语从句是陈述句 则用连词that来引导 That本身无实际意义 也不在宾语从句中充当任何成分 因此在口语和非正式文体中常省略 Eg Shesaid that shewouldbebackinthreeweeks Hetoldtheteacher that hehadfinisheddoinghishomework 2 如果宾语从句为一般疑问句 用连词if或Whether引导 Eg Iwonderif whether hewillhelpme 注意在下列情况下一般用whether 而不用if 作介词的宾语时 用whether 而不用if Eg Iaminterestedinwhetherhe llgotohaveapicnic whether引导的从句可移到主句之前而if不能 Eg Whetherthisistrueornot Iamnotsure 后面紧接ornot时 只用whether Eg Wedidn tknowthetherornotshehadcome 用if会引起歧义时 只用whether eg Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit 请告诉我你是否喜欢 或 如果你喜欢 请告诉我 3 如果宾语从句是特殊疑问句 则用连接代词如who whose what which和连接副词如when where why how引导 Eg Ican ttellwhyheisalwayslateforschool Doyouknowwhowasthefirsttoinventthecar 三 时态的呼应宾语从句的动词时态在一定程度上受到主句中动词时态的制约 一般应遵循以下三条原则 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时以及是祈使句 则宾语从句的谓语动词可根据意义或时间状语的需要而用任何一种时态 Eg Iknowthathe llcometoChinanextyear Pleasetellmewhereyouwentyesterday 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时 则宾语从句的谓语动词必须用表示过去的某一种时态 Eg Ourteachersaidthatwewouldmovetoanewclassroomthenextweek HeaskedmeifIhadbeentotheGreatWall 如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实 真理 自然现象或习惯性动作时 则不管主句用何时态 从句一律使用现在时 Eg Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatthesunrisesintheeast 四 否定转移当主句的谓语是think believe等动词时 某后作宾语的that从句如果否定意义 通常将否定词not移至主句动词之前 Eg Idon tthinkheishavingameeting 一 用正确的连词填空 1 TheteacheraskedLucy shewaslateforschool 2 Wedon tknow itwillraintomorrow 3 Themanwantstoknow shecomesfrom 4 Idon tremember thetrainarrived 5 Couldyoushowus wecanturnonthecomputer 6 Sheknew sheshouldworkhardforthepeople 7 Couldyoutellme isthewaytothestation 8 Pleasetellme picturestheyhavedrawn 二 单项选择1 Couldyoutellme A whereheliveB wherehelivesC wheredoesheliveD heliveswhere2 Hesaidthathe speakalittleEnglishwhenhewasfiveyearsold A mightB wouldC couldD can3 Idon tthinkthatthebookisveryuseful A doIB isitC doesn titD isn tit4 Excuseme canyoutellme A whencanIgettothestationB IcangettowhichstationC whichstationcanIgettoD howIcangettothestation5 Mybrotheraskedme kite A who thiswasB whose thiswasC whose wasthisD who wasthis 6 Heaskedme IknewFrench A thatB ifC asD what7 Doyouknowwho withateightyesterday A heistalkingB washetalkingC hewastalkingD ishetalking8 Whatdidyourmothersay Tom Sheaskedme A whymysisteriscryingB whymysisterwascryingC whyismysistercryingD whywasmysistercrying9 Hetoldmethatthesun intheeast A risesB raisesC roseD raised10 Tomasked toschoollate A whodidoftencomeB whooftendidcomeC whooftencomeD whooftencame 参考答案 一 1 why2 if whether 3 where4 when5 How6 that7 which8 Howmany二 1B2C3B4D5B6B7C8B9A10D 宾语从句的转化和使用是难点 其用法上应注意以下三方面 一 宾语从句与主句连接问题1 当宾语从句是一般疑问句 反意疑问句时 构成宾语从句用if或whether来引导 从句应注意用陈述句语序 Eg Doyougotoschoolearlyeveryday Hewantstoknow Hewantstoknowif whether Igotoschoolearlyeveryday 2 当宾语从句是陈述句时 用连词that来引导 Eg HehasbeentoJapanbefore Hetoldme HetoldmethathehadbeentoJapanbefore 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 连接词就用原来的疑问词 应注意从句的时态和和语序 Eg HowcanIgettothebusstation Heaskedme HeaskedmeHowhecouldgettothebusstation What swrongwithhim Doyouknow Doyouknowwhat swrongwithhim 二 直接引语变为间接引语中的问题1 人称的变化eg Hesaid Youaskedmetohelpher HesaidthatIaskedhimtoherher 2 时态的变化eg Hesaidtome Iamdoingmyhomework Hetoldmehewasdoinghishomework Hesaid Theearthgoesaroundthesun Hesaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun 注意客观真理时态不变 3 其它变化 this改为that these改为those eg Hesaid Thisismypen Hesaisthatwashispen now改为then yesterday改为thedaybefore tomorrow改为thenextday today改为thatday ago改为before 在nextweek month前需加the eg Hesaid Ihaven tseenhertoday Hesaidhehadn tseenherthatday Hesaid Iwasaworkertenyearsago Hesaidhewasaworkertenyearsbefore here改为there bring改为takeeg Hesaid Ilikehere Hesaidthathelikedthere Hesaidtous Youshouldbringyourschoolbagherenexttime Hetoldusweshouldtakeourschoolbagtherethenexttime 4 当直接引语是祈使句时 将动词原形变为动词不定式eg Hesaidtous Sitdown Heaskedustositdown Hesaid Don tmakemistakesagain Heaskedusnottomakedmistakesagain 三 宾语从句与状语从句的动词时态问题条件和时间状语从句中应用一般现在时表示一般将来时 宾语从句的时态和主句相关联 如果主句是一般现在时或将来时以及祈使句 则宾语从句的动词可根据情况用不同时态 如果主句中的动词是一般过去时 则从句的动词必须用过去的某种时态 其中if和when既能引导宾语从句又能引导条件或时间状语从句 Eg Iwanttoknowifhehasbeenthere if引导的宾语从句 译为 是否 Iwillgototheparkifitisfinetomorrow if引导的条件状语从句 译为 如果 假如 Idon tknowifhewillcome Ifhecomes pleasetellme 划线部分是宾语从句 斜线是状语从句 同样 when译为 当 时候 引导时间状语从句 译为 何时 引导宾语从句 一 将下列各句变成宾语从句1 Whocancatchthebird Sheasked 2 Didtheystayuptoolatelastnight Shewouldliketoknow 3 Youhavepassedtheexam Heisglad 4 Doessheworkhardatschool Hermotherwantedtoknow 5 Whenwillshecomeback Iknow 6 Hesaid Ihadleftmybookinmyroom 7 Iaskedhim Issheill 8 Shesaidtome Wheredoyoucomefrom 二 单项选择1 Idon tknowwhenhe Whenhe I llletyouknow A comes comesB willcome comesC willcome willcomeD comes willcome2 Iwanttoknowifthey thespringsportsmeetingnextmonth Ifthey it Imustgetreadyforit A hole willholdB willhold holdC hold holdD willhold willhold3 Mikeaskedthegirlintheshop thewatch cheapenough A that isB if wasC that wasD whether is4 Doyouknow amomentago A hesaidwhatB whathesaidC whatsaidheD whatdidhesay5 Idon tknow Janewaslateforschoolthismorning A whoB whomC whatD why 参考答案 一 将下列各句变成宾语从句1 Sheaskedwhocan