高一英语知识点总结.doc

高一英语知识点总结重点句型1. Cell phones, or mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. it 作形式宾语的用法2. I dont dare to use the phone in school. dare 的用法3. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句4. The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do.whatever 引导的名词从句5. We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us. 表双重否定6. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.before 的译法7. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from becom- ing endangered. 表示“阻止某人做某事”重点词汇1. agreement n. 一致，协定2. absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地3. press vt. & vi. 按，压，逼迫4. teenager n. (13-19岁的)青少年5. throughout prep. 遍及，贯穿6. add vt. 增加，添加，补充说7. 1atest adj. 最近的，最新的8. calendar n. 日历9. appointment n. 约会，指定10. behaviour n. 行为，举止11. obey v. 服从12. emergency n. 紧急情况13. dial vt. 拨号14. unexpected adj. 想不到的15. particular adj. 特别的，个别的16. succeed v. 成功17. force n. & vt. 力量，强制18. wonder n. 奇迹19. defeat vt. & n. 击败，失败20. department n. 部，局，系21. interview vt. & n. 接见，会见22. environmental adj. 环境的23. common adj. 共同的，普遍的24. valuable adj. 有价值的25. reduce vt. 减少26. respond vi. 回答，响应27. material n. 材料，原料28. attractive adj. 吸引人的29. organize vt. & vi. 组织30. amount n. 数量重点短语1. keep / stay in touch with 与保持联络2. call for 要求，需要3. in case of 假设，万一4. according to 根据，据所说5. take over 接收，接管6. break down 毁掉，坏掉7. in danger 在危险中8. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失9. as a result of 作为(的)结果10. lead to 导致某种结果11. take measures 采取措施12. adapt to 适应13. make a difference 有关系，有影响14. devote.to 献身于，专心于15. at present 现在，目前16. set free 释放17. in the wild 在自然环境下18. throw away 扔掉19. on the go 忙个不停，四处奔走20. remind.of. 使人想起21. dream of 梦想22. come up with 提出23. first of all 首先24. make money 赚钱25. depend on 依靠短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. stay in _ with 与保持联络2. call _ 要求，需要3. _ case(of) 假设；万一4. according _ 按照；根据所说5. take _ 接收；接管6. break _ 毁掉，坏掉；中止7. _ danger 在危险中；垂危8. die _ 灭绝；逐渐消失9. _ a result of作为(的)结果；由于10. lead _ 导致某种结果11. _ measures 采取措施12. adapt _ 适应(新环境等)13. make a _ 有关系；有影响14. devote _ 献身于；专心于15. present _ 现在；目前16. _ free 释放17. _ the wild 在自然环境下18. throw _ 扔掉；浪费19. _ the go 忙个不停；四处奔走；跑来跑去20. turn.inside _ 把翻过来交际用语1. I cant agree with you on this point.2. Thats the point.3. Well, it depends.4. Does anyone share Davids opinion?5. I absolutely agree.6. Thats how I see it.7. Why cant we drink the water in our rivers and lakes? Because the water is polluted.8. Cars and factories cause air pollution. As a result of air pollution, many people get sick.9. People get sick because of air pollution. It follows that we must do something about it.单词聚焦1. adapt vt. 使适应；使配合(1) adapt + n. + to + n. 使适应，使适合He could not adapt his way of life to the school. 他的生活方式无法适应学校的要求。(2) adapt (oneself) to 适应She quickly adapted to new circumstances. 她能够很快地适应新环境。/ I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该调整自己，以适应新的环境。2. add vt. & vi. 增加，加入，补充说If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太浓，再加些水。/ Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary。这一版字典增加了很多词。/ The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。/ And I hope you will realize it one day. he added. 他接着说：“我希耀你总有一天会明白这一点。” / I should like to add that we are pleased with the result. 我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到高兴。短语add.to. 在中加上 add to 增加，增添add up 加起来 add up to 总计，总共有Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我们的困难。/ The money he spent added up to no more than 1,000. 他花的钱总计1000英镑。3. add 的用法 构词： addition n. 加，加起来，增加物，增加，加法 additional adj. 外加的，附加的，另加的 搭配： add sth in 算人；包括 add A to B 把A加到B上，往A里添加B add to 增加，加到 in addition 加上，又，另外 in addition to 加上，除外，又 add sth up 把加起来，总计 add up (to)总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之【考例】The president talked with the official for a longtime, _ that he still trusted him.A. added B. adding C. adding up D. adding up to考查目标 本题考查add及其构成短语的意思。答案与解析B adding的意思是“补充(说)”。add up to意思是“加起来等于”。4. amount n. 量，常与不可数名词连用“the amount of + 不可数名词”表示“的量”。提醒“a large amount of + 不可数名词”后跟单数谓语“large amounts of + 不可数名词”后跟复数谓语There is a large amount of / are large amounts of coal to be sent there. 大量的煤要运往那儿。比较 number 也意为“量”，但它指可数的事物的“数目，数量”。the number of 的数目 / numbers of / a number of 大量的 后跟复数名词5. case的用法 搭配： as is often the case 这是常有的事 as the case stands 在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论 in this / that case 如果是这样那样的话 in any case 无论如何，总之 in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，万一 in case of 万一，如果发生 (just)in case 以防(万一) in most cases 在大多数情况下【考例】(2005广东)Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that考查目标考查 case 构成的短语的用法。答案与解析C 句意：“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读以防等待”。in case 意为“万一”；even if意为“即使”；as if，意为“好像”；in order that 意为“为了”。就高考而言，除了 in case 之外，意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌握-，for fear that 和lest。6. defeat 的用法 构词：defeatist n. 失败主义者 搭配：suffer a defeat战败；遭受挫败 辨析：defeat；beat；conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。例如：The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了。例如：It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制。例如：Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。【考例】- Who _ the team from No. 2 Middle school? - Im not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained考查目标本题考查defeat的常见用法。答案与解析A defeat 意思是“打败”，后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。7. depend 的用法 搭配： That depends. 要看情况而定。 It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。 depend on / upon 依靠；由而定取决于；从属于；依赖其维持【考例】2004江苏- How long are you staying? - I dont know. _.A. Thats OK B. Never mindC. It depends D. It doesnt matter考查目标考查depend在交际场合的用法。答案与解析C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确定”。8. devote vt. 投入于；献身devoted 忠实的；献身的；专用的devote ones time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；献身于 = be devoted to.致力于；献身于；忠实于 After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。9. devote 的用法 构词： devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心 devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的 devotedly adv. 忠实地，一心一意地搭配： devote.to 把献给；把专用于 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于 be devoted to 专心于，忠于 友情提示：各搭配中to均为介词。【考例】2004全国卷IV First of all, I respected his _ to teaching.A. attention B. introductionC. relation D. devotion考查目标 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。答案与解析D devote的名词形式是devotion，也应该和介词 to 搭配。10. force n. UC力量，势力，暴力 vt. 强迫，促使，强制 He didnt use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。注意the forces 可表示“军队，兵力”。拓展force sb. to do sth.；force sb. into doing sth.；force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。短语by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效force ones way 强行前进或进入11. hurry 的用法 构词： hurried adj. 匆忙的 hurriedly adv. 仓促地慌忙地 搭配： in a hurry 匆忙地 in no hurry 不忙，有充分的时间；不急于 no hurry 不忙不必着急，有充裕的时间 hurry up 快点，赶紧做；催促(快点) 辨析：hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。【考例】2004湖南 When l there _ I apologized for being late, and told him Id come as quickly as I could,.A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried考查目标 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。答案与解析D 从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。12. lie的用法构词：liar n. 说谎者搭配： lie down 躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗 lie in 在于；位于 tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎【考例】2002北京 I would _ very still so that the enemy would not discover me.A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie考查目标本题考查lie，lay等几个相近词的区别。答案与解析D lie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。13. measure 的用法 搭配： make sth to sbs measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物 take measures 采取措施 beyond / above measure 无法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为【考例】2004天津 I realized strength and courage arent always _ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased考查目标 本题考查measure的意思。答案与解析A measure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。14. press vt. & vi. 按，压，夹 n. 压力，印刷机，新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。拓展 pressure n. 劳累，紧张；pressing adj. 紧迫的，恳切的短语 be pressed for time / money 缺时间钱；press on 加紧赶路，奋力前进；in the press 正在印刷15. reduce vt. & vi 减少，缩减，减化reduce prices 降低价格reduce air pollution 减少空气污染reduce ones weight 减肥reduce noise 减少噪音注意reduce 作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。拓展reduce.to 使陷入不良状况；把归纳成；把降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。短语 order 使恢复秩序；整理 reduce.to silence使安静，使沉默下来tears 使哭了起来16. remind(1) vt. 提醒 remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。 remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人 She reminded me that I hadnt written to mother. 她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。(2) vt. 使(人)想起，使记起 remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。 remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起 The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。【考例】2000上海春招what you said just now _ me of that American professor.A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized考查目标 remind基本用法。答案与解析C remind表示“提醒；让想起”。17. wonder v. 惊奇，惊叹，对感到惊奇，想知道C 奇迹，奇观奇事I wondered that he couldnt answer such an easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇怪。/ I dont wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁给他，对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。 构词：wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的奇妙的，极好的，令人愉快的 搭配： what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到! It is a wonder that. 奇怪的是 (Its) no / little / small wonder (that) 难怪，并不奇怪Its no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。 do / perform / work wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人成就【考例】(2005湖北) He hasnt slept at all for three days. _ he is tired out.A. There is no point B. There is no needC. It is no wonder D. It is no way考查目标 考查 wonder 的词义。答案与解析C “他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”；no point 表示“没有意义”；no need表示“没有的必要”；no way 表示“决不”。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)1. The Smiths said they would take _ to repair the windows by themselves.2. Theres plenty of time left; No _.3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple _ on the bed, dead.4. - Would you like to go swimming with Jack and Jim? - That _.5. The heavy storm _to our trouble in the long marching, besides we were too tired.6. When I couldnt remember the exact words, my brother _ me of them.7. I know theres no need to take so much money with me, but still I want to bring some in _.短语归类1. 含 as 的短语 as usual 像平常一样 as if / as though 好像 as long as 长达；只要 as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 as well 也，又，同样地 as often as 每次每当 as a / the result of 作为的结果 as well as 也，还，和一样好 as soon as 一就和一样快 as far as 和一样远，就，尽 may / might as well 不妨 as a result 结果，因此例句 As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向四周张望。/ As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该 航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。【考例】(2003北京) _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While考查目标此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。答案与解析C even though / if 即使；unless 如果不；as long as 只要；while 当时候。本句话意思是“只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did. A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as考查目标此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。答案与解析 A A项as much as (和一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。 另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座 的”；present 用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present at the meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上 He came up with a new suggestion. 他提出一项新建议。 Lets go slowly so that the others may come up with 咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。 注意come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。 Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting. 会上提出了一些可行性建议。3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。 拓展 die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。 链接 die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因致死，死于(外因) / die of 死于(内因)4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语 in fact 事实上 in case (of) 假使，以防，万一 in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地 in general 一般，大体上 in total 总共 in all 总共 in future 从今以后 in particular 尤其，特别是 in trouble 处于困境 in time 及时，总有一天 in a hurry 匆忙地 in front of 在前面in the open air 在户外，在野外 in front 前方，正对面 in the future 将来 in the end 最后 in the day 在白天 in danger 在危险中，垂危 in the wild 在自然环境中 in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏 in a word 总之例句 No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困难时。总是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/ If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。【考例】(NMET 2000) I dont think Ill need any money but I will bring some _. A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time 及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生”。 In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。 The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。 拓展 in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从 句，意为“以免，以防”。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。 Ill keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。 注意in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。 相关短语 in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。 提示case可表达多种意义： That isnt the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)6. in danger在危险中 短语in danger of有的危险 out of danger 脱离危险 full of danger 充满危险的 a danger to society 社会的危险人物事物 拓展dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险 The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响 make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别 make no / little difference 没有差别 make some / any difference 有些差别 Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差别吗?8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。 短语be in touch with 和有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和失去联系(状态)9. take measures (1) measure 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to ones own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailors to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。 (2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。 注意表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采