九年级形容词、副词用法集汇(鲁教版).doc

形容词、副词用法集汇一、 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The woman looks young. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如: well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。如：Im afraid youre late.3. 形容词的位置：a. 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。b. 如果形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。如：I have something important to tell you.c. else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。4.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，谓语动词用复数。如：The rich should help the poor. The young are planting trees.5有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。如：The Chinese have wonderful sense of humor.6用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 如： Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 7多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词。a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car二、副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1 副词的位置：a. 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。b. 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。Ive never heard him singing in English.c. 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。d. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。China is a very strong country.They study hard enough.e. 副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。 The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.2.副词的排列顺序：d. 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。e. 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.c. 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词、副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可以。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.3副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） He will be back in a week. （作表语）三、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级1形容词、副词的原级的用法。a. 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：This building is as beautiful as that one. b. 表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如： This boy looks not so (as)tall as Tom.C.表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as” 的结构。 如： This room is three times as large as that one.2. 比较级的用法。 a. 对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如： The boys in our class are taller than the ones in your class.b.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one. c.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如： Helen works even harder than before. 注意：1）英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。2）by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如放在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.d. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越就越”）。如： The more you study, the more you know. e. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。表示 越来越. 。如： The girl becomes more and more beautiful.f. 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk. The workers in this factory are more than those(或the ones) in that factory.4. 最高级的用法。 a. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.b. 最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：Which is the second longest river in our country ?c. 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。5.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。a.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。b.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 c. 表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：Who is the older of the two boys? d. 在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。 e. 在same前一般要加the。 f. 有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如:the poor、the rich 等。形容词、副词用法大练兵1-Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest2She has made _ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much3Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as4. This dictionary is_of the two books. A.thicker B.thickest C. the thickestD.the thicker 5._the hotel is,_the service should be. A.The more expensive;the more better B.More expensive;the better C.The more expensive;the better D.More expensive;more better6. The bananas taste_and sell_. A.good;good B.well;well C.good;well D.well;good7. Wait!I have_to tell you. A.something of use B.useful something C.something usefully D.something useful8. This is_beautiful city Ive ever visited. A.the most B.very C.the very D.a most 9.I felt so_that I fell_at once. A. sleepily;asleep B.sleepy;asleepC.sleepless;asleep D.sleepy;sleeping10.Africa is the second_continent in the world. A.large B.larger C.more large D.largest11. Your grandmother is_to need a doctor. A.too ill B.ill enough C.so ill D.enough ill12. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as13. Jone looks so _today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily14.The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America15. f there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time C. much happiest time D.a much happier time16.One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chin