人教版高一英语必修三重点点拨学案：Unit 4 Period Two Word版含答案.doc

period twowarming up & readinglanguage points一、词汇过关基础词汇1.astronomy n天文学2system n系统；体系；制度3theory n学说；理论4atom n原子5globe n球体；地球仪；地球6atmosphere n大气层；气氛7chain vt.链子；连锁；锁链8multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加9oxygen n氧10thus adv.因此；于是拓展词汇1.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n猛烈；激烈2unlike prep.与不同；不像like prep.像3harmful adj.有害的harm n& v损害；危害harmless adj.无害的4exist vi.存在；生存existence n生存；存在5puzzle n谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到迷惑的联想归纳1构词法(1)规则harm (n.& v损害)harmful (adj.有害的)harmless (adj.无害的)联想careful小心的；careless粗心的hopeful有希望的；hopeless无希望的helpful有帮助的；helpless无助的useful有用的；useless无用的(2)规则like (prep.像)unlike (prep.不像)联想unusual不寻常的unable不能够的unfair不公平的unfit不健康的unhappy不高兴的2话题词汇与“学科”有关的词汇(1)astronomy n天文学(2)biology n生物学(3)history n历史学(4)geography n地理学(5)chemistry n化学(6)physics n物理学(7)politics n政治学(8)mathematics n数学(9)chinese n语文二、短语互译汉译英1in time及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人5prevent.from 阻止；制止英译汉1begin with从开始；起源于2in all directions 朝四面八方3as well as 也；还；和一样好4as a result of 由于结果5depend on/upon 取决于；依靠三、重点句式教材原句1.what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。分析解读be to do sth.表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事。仿写运用the experience is to change her whole life.这次经历注定会改变她的一生。教材原句2.this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。分析解读“make宾语宾补”复合结构。仿写运用it was your help that made it possible for me to pass the exam.正是你的帮助才使我有可能通过了考试。重点词汇1they were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。in time及时；终于；迟早in time for sth./to do sth.来得及(做)；及时(做)in no time立即，立刻at a time依次；逐一；每次at no time在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)at one time曾经，一度at times有时，偶尔on time按时，准时(1)do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family？你想及时起床和家人一起吃早饭吗？(2017全国)(2)at no time should you give up studying.在任何时候你都不应该放弃学习。(3)he rushed out of the kitchen in no time when he heard the shout.他听到喊声立刻从厨房里冲了出去。(4)everyone may make mistakes at times.每个人都会偶尔犯错误。(5)these buses are never on time and the passengers are always complaining.这些公共汽车从来不准时，乘客们一直在抱怨。单句改错(6)you cant imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our city at time.2water had also appeared on other planets like mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在其他行星比如火星上也都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。(1)unlike prep.与不同；不像；adj.不同的，不相似的(2)unlikely adj.不大可能的(3)likely adj.可能的be likely to do sth.可能做某事it is likely that.有可能(1)but unlike her school friends,16-year-old sarah is not spending half-term resting.但是和她学校里的朋友不同，16岁的sarah没有花半学期的时间来休息。(2017全国)(2)this is unlikely to be the whole story.情况可能并非完全如此。(3)it is likely that he will be in beijing this autumn.今年秋天他可能在北京。句型转换(4)its likely that he will attend the meeting.he is likely to attend the meeting.3it was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。fundamental adj.基本的；基础的；根本的be fundamental to sth.对是必不可少/至关重要(1)there is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.这两个观点有一个根本区别。(2)a knowledge of chinese is fundamental to any understanding of this problem.汉语知识对于理解这个问题是必不可少的。4what many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to对有害(2)harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的(3)harm n& v损害；危害do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害there is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。(1)it is harmful to your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。(2)as a matter of fact，this plant is harmless to humans.事实上，这种植物对人类无害。(3)there is no harm (in) giving up smoking.戒烟没有害处。一句多译(4)喝酒太多对你的健康伤害很大。drinking too much does harm to your health.(harm)drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful)5they laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist vi.存在；生存exist on靠生活/生存exist in存在于中there exist(s)/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence(begin to exist)产生；成立in existence现存的，存在的(1)jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。(2)to be honest，i can hardly exist on the wage im getting.说实话，我依靠工资几乎活不下去。(3)sudan came into existence(exist) at the end of the 1800s.苏丹国于19世纪末开始成立。(4)the bridge is the oldest in existence.这座桥是现存最古老的。6these animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生出幼子并给幼子哺乳。(give birth to产生；分娩；引发；造成by birth血统上；生来，天生地at birth出生时(1)religious differences between them gave birth to a war.他们之间的宗教分歧引发了一场战争。(2)mary was said to be african by birth.据说玛丽是非洲人。(3)the overweight boy weighed 4.85 kilograms at birth.这个超重的男孩出生时重4.85公斤。7thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。in ones turn接着；轮到某人in turn依次，轮流；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。(1)when it is in my turn，im too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。(2)leaving home for the first time，he felt cheerful and sad by turns.第一次离开家，他时而高兴时而悲伤。(3)all theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.理论来自实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。(4)lets take turns to drive(drive) the car.让我们轮流来开车吧。8they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事。与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.；keep sb./sth.from doing sth.(from不可以省略)。注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。(1)the heavy rain prevented us going on，but we didnt lose heart.大雨阻止了我们前进，但是我们并不灰心。(2)no one can prevent this plan from being carried(carry) out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。(3)lynns parents tried to stop her seeing(see) him.琳恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。单句改错(4)im sorry to have kept you from waiting for so long a time.9so whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于依靠某人做某事depend on/upon it that.相信/指望that/it (all) depends.依情况而定。(1)the effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.闲话的影响因情况而异。(2016浙江)(2)the poor man depends on his son to earn money.这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。(3)you can depend on it that he will come on time；he always keeps his word.你可以相信他会准时来，他总是很守信用。(4)what are you going to do this weekend?it depends(depend)i may go to shanghai with my friends.这个周末你打算做什么？视情况而定。我可能和朋友们一起去上海。10how life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜之一。(1)puzzle n谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的(3)puzzling adj.令人费解的(1)their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.我仍很困惑他们为什么要做此事。(2)what he said at the meeting made most of us puzzled.他在会议上说的话让我们大多数人很困惑。(3)to explain the puzzling(puzzle) findings，he offers two theories.为了解释这些令人费解的发现，他提供了两个理论。单句改错(4)she listened with a expression on her face.经典句式1what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。(1)was to become是“be to do”结构，在句中表示将要发生的动作。(2)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；be about to do sth.表示即将、马上要做的事，常与when搭配使用；be going to do sth.可以表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。(1)here is a message for you：you are to go to the office after class.这有你一个口信，让你下课后到办公室去。(2)there are many dark clouds in the sky.it is going to rain.天空阴云密布，要下雨了。(3)no one is to leave(leave) the building without permission.未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。2this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“makeit形容词/名词(宾补)to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。(2)在“make宾语宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词。注意：当“make宾语do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。(1)i must make it clear that i will support you forever.我必须说明，我会永远支持你的。(2)the police made the young boy stand(stand) against the wall.警察让这个男孩靠墙站着。(3)the man spoke loudly to make himself heard(hear)这个人大声说话为的是让自己被听见。单句改错(4)the boy was made work for over ten hours a day.单句语法填空1i should be back in time to watch the football match.2its your turn to clean(clean) our classroom today.3the girl arrived just in time to attend(attend) the meeting.4the students are studying in an atmosphere where everyone is friendly.5this kind of plant often gives off some harmful(harm) gases.6many mothers have decided to give birth to a second baby.7this fence will prevent the chickens from entering the yard.8all living things depend on/upon the sun for their growth.9most of us were puzzled(puzzle) by his long speech.10i was unaware of his existence(exist) until today.完成句子1他每天早晨都读英语，这成为了他的习惯。he makes it a rule to read english every morning.2失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.3他注定会为那个决定后悔余生。he is to regret that decision for the rest of his life.4我不知道你能否及时赶过来。i wonder whether or not you can come in time.5他是否会同意这个计划将取决于他的心情。whether he will agree to this plan will depend on his mood.单词拼写1what puzzled(迷惑) me was why they didnt take his advice.2it is impossible to prove the existence of god.3i felt my heart beating violently(猛烈地)4as is known to all，lack of sleep is harmful(有害的) to us students.5three multiplied by six is eighteen.6he chained(拴) the dog for the night.7the shortage of water has become a global(全球的) problem.8therere many theories(理论) about the origin of life.单句语法填空1it is uncertain whether hell succeed in passing the driving test or not.2his decision made it possible for us to finish the work by four oclock this afternoon.3each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.4the situation in that country should be prevented(prevent) from becoming worse.5you neednt worry because this snake is harmless(harm)6my relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.7if you give up this chance，youll regret it in time.8look at the pictures and take turns to tell(tell) the story.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1it doesnt matter food is eaten raw or cooked，cool or hot.2i lost sight of my mother when we reached looked like a big market because of too many people.3she is her mother；she is tall while her mother is very short.4i will， my turn，clean the blackboard next week.5his kindness made possible for many poor children to attend college.阅读理解(2018山西临汾一中高一调研)a famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university.at the start of the school year，the teachers were given the names of five children.they were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class.but the fact was that these students were only average，and they were not the best students at all.well，guess what? at the end of the year，all the five average students scored among the highest in the class.what made these average students change so much to become top students? the only difference was the change in their teachers attitude.because the teachers believed that these five kids were the top students，they expected more from them.and so these five average students began to believe and expect more from themselves.so they worked harder to do as well as they could.do you know why? if you expect the best from people，theyll usually want to give you their best.a great leader said，“treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside，and youll make him even worse.but treat a person like hes already a success，and youll help make him the best he can be.”like the true story of 7-year-old johnny，his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said，“johnny，youre the naughtiest boy in this class.im sure youll never change.” the next year johnny had a new teacher.and on the first day of class，she met with johnny after school and said，“johnny，ive heard a lot about you! but do you know that i dont believe a word of it？” and every day after that，this new teacher treated johnny as if he had been one of the smartest students even when johnny did naughty things.later on，johnny became a school leader.because thats the power of our belief and attitude toward children.1the professor started his research by .ateaching the five children himselfbasking the five children to find a new teacherctelling the five students to work harder than ever beforedtelling the teacher the five students were the best in the class答案d解析细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句可知，这位教授告诉老师这五个学生是班里最好的学生，以此开始他的研究。故选d。2the five average students became top students mainly because of .athe professors studybthe teachers hard workcthe change in the teachers attitudedthe change in the professors attitude答案c解析细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知，这五个普通学生成为优等生的原因主要是由于老师态度的改变。故选c。3why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old johnny?ato let us know how good his new teacher was.bto show the importance of encouragement.cto show that the boy was clever enough.dto let us know the famous boy.答案b解析推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句可判断出作者告诉我们七岁男孩johnny的故事，是为了说明鼓励的重要性。故选b。4the writer writes the passage mainly by .agiving reasons and resultbgiving result and examplescdescribing what he thinksdasking and answering questions答案b解析写作手法题。作者在写这篇文章时，给我们举了两个例子，并且说明其结果。故选b。.完形填空anna was a 9-year-old girl from a small village.she 1 primary school till 4th grade at her village.for the 5th grade on，she was 2 to a school in a city nearby.she was very pleased knowing that she was accepted 3 a very famous school in a city.today was the first day of her school.anna made it to her 4 after asking fellow students for 5 .upon seeing her 6 clothing and knowing she is from a small village，other students started 7 at her.luckily，the teacher arrived in no 8 .she asked everyone to keep 9 .after that，the teacher introduced anna to the class.then 10 told everyone to write down the 7 wonders of the world.when everyone except anna had 11 their answer paper，the teacher came and asked anna，“what happened，dear？” dont worry.just write 12 you know as other students have 13 learned about it.”anna replied，“i was thinking that there are so many things，and which i should 14 to write？” when she handed in her answer paper，the teacher began reading everyones answers and the majority had answered it 15 .the teacher was 16 as the students had remembered what she had taught them.at last the teacher picked up annas answer paper 17 started reading.“the 7 wonders areto be able to see；to be able to hear；to be able to feel；to laugh；to think；to be kind；to love！”the teacher stood 18 and the whole class was speechless.today，a girl from a small village 19 them of the precious(珍贵的) gifts that god has given us，which is truly a 20 .语篇解读本文主要讲述了一个来自农村小学的9岁小姑娘安娜，进入城市小学第一天发生的事情。1a.visited battendedcavoided dleft答案b解析visit参观，拜访；attend出席；avoid避免； leave离开。句意为：安娜是一个小村庄的9岁女孩。她在村子里上小学一直上到四年级。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。根据句意可知b项正确。2a.made bawardedctried dadmitted答案d解析句意为：在五年级时，她被附近一所城市的学校录取了。be admitted to为固定搭配，意为“被录取”，故选d项。3a.for bincby dwith答案c解析句意为：得知她被城市的一所非常有名的学校录取了她很高兴。被接受/录取，表示被动，要用介词 by，故选c项。4a.classroom bdormitorycprotection dclassmates答案a解析句意为：安娜向同学们问路后到了她的教室。根据下文的内容可知，是到了教室，故选a项。5a.rules bsubjectscright ddirections答案d解析参见上题解析。direction方位，因此d项正确。6a.special bpoorcfamiliar dtight答案b解析poor穷的，寒酸的。安娜来自农村，与城市的孩子相比，穿得不好，故选b项。7a.laughing bstaringcpointing dshooting答案a解析laugh嘲笑；stare盯着；point指；shoot射击，发出。根据上文可知，因为安娜的穿着不好又来自一个小村庄，所以其他同学开始嘲笑她，故选a项。8a.way bcase ctime dhurry答案c解析句意为：幸运的是，老师很快就到了。in no time立刻，马上。故选c项。9a.calm bquiet csafe dfriendly答案b解析句意为：她要求所有人都保持安静。故选b项。10a.it bhecshe dthey答案c解析句意为：然后她(老师)让每个人写下世界7大奇迹。根据上文可知，老师是位女性，故选c项。11a.handed in bcalled incput down dpicked up答案a解析hand in上交。学生做完试卷，自然是“上交”答卷。故选a项。12a.that bwhencwhich dwhat答案d解析分析句子“just write you know as other students have.”可知，本句中是一个宾语从句，其中宾语从句中的动词know后缺少宾语，故要用what。因此d项正确。13a.even bhardlycalready dnever答案c解析老师的意思是这些其他学生已经学过了，故选c项。14a.choose bagree