一般将来时与一般现在时——讲解及练习.doc

。一般将来时一、一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon.你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad next year.明年他要出国学习。二、一般将来时的基本用法及构成一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“will / shall +动词原形”构成：We shall have a lot of rain next month.下个月将下很多雨。I think she will pass the exam.我想他考试会及格的。三、表示将来时间的几种常见方法英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外，还可以有以下多种方法：(1)用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are not going to stay there long.我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to lose the game.恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)Look, its going to rain.瞧，要下雨了。(表预见)注：be going to后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he going to go? / Where is he going?他打算到哪里去？(2)用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave forBeijingtomorrow.他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late.告诉他不准迟回。(3)用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave.他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start.大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误：He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money.我不打算再借给他任何钱。(4)用“be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon.他很快就要离开。His book is due to be published in October.他的书计划10月份出版。(5)用“现在进行时”(即be现在分词)表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday.学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week.我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving.我走了。(6)用“一般现在时”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.火车今晚7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow.我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。四、三种将来时间表示法的比较(1)“will / shall动词原形”与“be going to动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图，两者有时可换用：I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening.我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it.我不会把这事告诉你的。但有时有差别：若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to；若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。比较：Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her. “安住院了。”“啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法，不能用be going to)Ann is in hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图，不能用will)若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will：Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will：When he comes back, I will tell him the news.他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news.他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。(2)“be going to+动词原形”与“现在进行时”be going to主要表示主观想法或意图，而现在进行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的安排。比较：Im going to wash the car if I have time.若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget.我6点钟来接你，不要忘了。(已作出的安排)但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用be going to，不能用现在进行时态：Its going to snow before long.不久会下雪。Things are going to get better soon.情况很快就会好起来。当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时，两者均可用：Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not.不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to school.你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。(3)“be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形”的区别两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)：Where are we going to stay tonight?我们今晚住哪里？Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon.我打算今天下午打网球。另外，be going to还可表示预测，即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作，此时不能用be to：Look, its going to rain.看，要下雨了。五、典型一般将来时考题详解【例1】Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_advertisements showing happy familiesA.will often seeB.often seeC.are often seeingD.have often seen分析：A。这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时，这是一个较为固定的句型。【例2】He was hoping to go abroad but his parents_that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A.were decidingB.have decidedC.decidedD.will decide分析：B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和D;由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D，而选B。【例3】How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we_what we can do four you.A.seeB.are seeingC.have seenD.will see分析：D。表示将要发生的情况，自然是用一般将来时。【例4】If their marketing plans succeed, they_their sales by 20 percent.A.will increaseB.have been increasingC.have increasedD.would be increasing分析：A。由于if条件从句用的是一般现在时，所以其相应的主句宜用一般将来时。【例5】Population experts predict that most people_in cities in the near future.A.liveB.would liveC.will liveD.have lived分析：C。根据句中的in the near future可知要用一般将来时。【例6】When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we_up, her voice had been full of life.A.were hangingB.had hungC.hungD.would hang分析：C。从逻辑上说，当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时，她的声音听起来很虚弱；但到我们要挂电话时，她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说，应该是“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”在先，“我们挂断电话”在后，如果是反过来的话，那说话者就无法听知道“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”之回事了。所以“挂断电话”应用一般过去时。另外，由于by the time后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，所以选项D不能选。【例7】Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I_know. I_go and visit her.A.didnt; am going toB.dont; wouldC.dont; willD.didnt; will分析：D。根据句意，在此之前说话人不知道安住院了，因此第一空用一般过去时；说话人打算去看她，这个动作还没发生，因此第二空用一般将来时。注意be going to与will表示将来的区别：表示临时的决定，要用be going to，不用will()。【例8】Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I_.A.was doing B.am doingC.have doneD.had been doing分析：B。句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于“去图书馆”用的是一般将来时，说明要完成的工作是“现在”正在做的事情，故用现在进行时。又如：He is studying architecture.他在学习建筑。The ambulance is carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital.救护车正在把受伤的人送到最近的医院。一般过去时一、一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day,in the past 等连用。如：What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么？I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。二、一般过去时的应用1.一般过去时表示过去(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态：He bought the computer five years ago.这电脑是他五年前买的。It was then a small fishing village那时它只是一个小渔村。(2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作：We often played together when we were children我们小时候常在一起玩。注：表过去习惯性的动词，也可用used to或would：He used to go to work by bus.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。2.一般过去时表示现在(1)在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)I didnt know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)(2)表示客气委婉的现在I wondered if you were free this evening.不知您今晚是否有空。I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也许想要些花。注：能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。(3)用于某些特殊结构中表示现在Its time we started.我们该动身了。I wish I knew his him.要是我知道他的名字就好了。Id rather you lived closer to us.我希望你能住得离我们近点。注：该用法主要用于its time, I wish, Id rather, if only, as if, as though等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：Id rather you come next Monday.我宁愿你下周星期一来。另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：If I had the money now Id buy a car.假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。(from )三、一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1)一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroydestroyed, signsigned.(2)在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided, hatehated, datedated。(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied, flyflied, studystudied. (from )(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned.四、特别说明有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如：I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party.I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I intended to have joined their games.I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。五、典型考题（附详解）1.Helen_her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband_home.A.has left; comesB.left; had comeC.had left; cameD.had left; would come解析：答案选C。leave应发生在had to wait这个过去动作之前，“过去的过去”用过去完成时;后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。2.Nancyis not coming tonight.But she_!A.promisesB.promisedC.will promiseD.had promised解析：答案选B。“但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用一般过去时。3.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt sayingB.dont sayC.wont sayD.didnt say解析：答案选D。用一般过去时，指“我刚才没急于说”。4.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.A.has grownB.is growingC.grewD.had grown解析：答案选C。紧张伴随等的过程而产生，应同时发生，waited是一般过去时，grow也用一般过去时。5.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he_it.A.doesnt mentionB.hadnt mentionedC.didnt mentionD.hasnt mentioned解析：答案选C。只描述过去所发生的情况，但没有强调对现在的影响，用一般过去时。6.I_while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time!A.had fallen asleepB.have fallen asleepC.fell asleepD.fall asleep解析：答案选C。描写过去发生的情况用一般过去时。7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun解析：答案选B。when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，when指20世纪90年代初，当然用一般过去时。8.I hear Jane has gone to theHoly Islandfor her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know when she_?A.was leavingB.had leftC.has leftD.left解析：答案选D。因为Jane已经度假去了，“离开”此地就当然是在此之前的过去某个时间了，所以用一般过去时，选D。另外，when通常都不与完成时连用，排除B和C，A也与语境不符。9.I_you not to move my dictionary-now I cant find it.A.askedB.askC.was askingD.had asked解析：答案选A。由now可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的(你偏不听)。“叫”是在过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。10.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.would be解析：答案选A。由when the earthquake struck可知，要用一般过去时，排除C和D;又因为主语是单数the teacher，所以只有A正确。11.The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A.was comingB.had comeC.has comeD.came解析：答案选D。由whenwas brought in可知，come也是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。句意是：当引入一个有趣的话题时，那场讨论又变得活跃起来。12.She_her hairstyle in her hometown before she came toChongqingfor a better job.A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing解析：答案选C。由came可知，她已来重庆了，而改变发型是在来重庆之前，即过去的过去，按理要用过去完成时，但before已经表明紧接着发生的先后两个动作，所以也可用一般过去时，所以选C。13.What we used to think_impossible now does seem possible.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.will be解析：答案选B。根据句中的used to可知，空格处应填一般过去时。句意为：我们过去认为不可能的现在都似乎有可能成为现实。14.It is said that the early European playing-cards_for entertainment and education.A.were being designedB.have designedC.have been designedD.were designed解析：答案选D。解答此题的关键是要抓住early这一形容词。early European playing-cards的意思是“早期欧洲人玩的扑克牌”，既然是“早期”，肯定就是过去的事了，所以用一般过去时。15.I_inLondonfor many years,but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back toChina.()A.livedB.was livingC.have livedD.had lived解析：答案选A。许多同学一看到后面的have never regretted为现在完成时，同时选项C也是现在完成时，结果滥用时态呼应，将答案误选C。其实，此题的最佳答案是A。句中but后的句子告诉我们，说话者现在已搬回了上海，所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。16.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if_yesterday.A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened解析：答案选D。根据句中的yesterday可知，要用一般过去时。17.I_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_.A.went; was occurringB.went; occurredC.was going; occurredD.was going; had occurred解析：答案选C。第一空用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的情况;第二空用一般过去时，表示过去突然发生的一件事。18.My cousin went toCanadatwo yours ago. He_there for a few months and then went toAmerica.A.workedB.would workC.would be workingD.has been working解析：答案选A。注意句中的三个动作：去加拿大在那儿住了几年然后去了美国。由于前后两个动作用的都是一般过去时，显然中间的“在那儿住了几年”应用一般过去时。19.As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations _with Dads flowers.A.are markedB.were markedC.have markedD.had marked解析：答案选B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations，使得句子的主语与谓语were marked分离，从而增加了考生对句子理解的难度。根据句意，空格处应填被动语态;再根据句中的passed的时态特点可知，空格处也应用一般过去时，故选B。20.Ouch! You hurt me!I am sorry. But I_any harm. I_to drive a rat out.A.didnt mean; triedB.dont mean; am tryingC.havent meant; triedD.didnt mean; was trying解析：答案选D。对于刚刚发生的情况，要用一般过去时或过去进行时。答语的意思是：对不起。但我不是有意要弄伤你，我是在把一只老鼠赶出去。21.I know a little bit aboutItalyas my wife and I_there several years ago.A.are goingB.had beenC.wentD.have been解析：C。根据句末的several years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。22.They_two free tickets toCanada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.()A.had gotB.gotC.have gotD.get解析：答案选B。句子前半句讲的是过去的事实，用一般过去时;后半句讲的是对过去情况的假设，故用了would never have been这样的形式。23.The play had already been on for quite some time when we_at the New Theatre.A.have arrivedB.arrivedC.had arrivedD.arrive解析：答案选B。由于句中的had already been用的是过去完成时，而根据句意，arrive显然应发生在其后，故要用一般过去时。全句意为：当我们到达新剧院时，戏已经演了好一会儿了。24.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where_?A.did you goB.have you goneC.were youD.had you been解析：C。句子的前半句说上午打电话时没有人接电话，而后半句问对方当时在什么地方。显然，句子前后两部分的时间应一致，即用一般过去时。25.The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I_in many worse hotels.A.was stayingB.stayedC.would stayD.had stayed解析：D。根据The hotel wasnt particularly good这一句中的一般过去时可推知stay in many worse hotels要用过去完成时，因为它发生在wasnt之前。26.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother_on the phone all the time!A.was talkingB.has been talkingC.has talkedD.talked解析：A。I called和I couldnt get through用的都是一般过去时，而talk on the phone这一动作正是发生在I couldnt get through期间，故要用过去进行时。27.We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we_each other for years.A.knewB.have knownC.had knownD.know解析：答案选C。根据主句中的felt可知，其后的宾语从句应用过去时态，故可排除B和D；再根据语境和句中的for years可知用过去完成时比用一般过去时更佳。28.Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she_the Chinese Society.A.has joinedB.joinsC.had joinedD.joined解析：答案选D。since she join the Chinese Society为I have known Dr. Jackson since she join the Chinese Society之省略。连词since所搭配的时态通常是：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。29.If you dont like the drink you_just leave it and try a different one.A.orderedB.are orderingC.will orderD.had ordered解析：答案选A。句子的意思是：如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，把它放在一边，另外试一种。根据此句意可知，“点饮料”已经发生了，否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以空格处用一般过去时。又如：I accelerated and left the other cars behind.我加速行驶，把其他的车子抛在后面。He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.他向她求婚，她同意了。30.Have you known Dr Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she_the Chinese Society.()A.has joinedB.joinsC.had joinedD.joined解析：答案选D。since she join the Chinese Society为I have known Dr. Jackson since she join the Chinese Society之省略。连词since所搭配的时态通常是：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。31.If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it_all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rainedD.is raining解析：答案选A。本题使用了虚拟语气作为命题背景，且该虚拟语气谈的是过去情况（根据句中的had been和could have had可知），句意为“要是（当时）天气好一点，我们就可以去野餐了”。该虚拟语气的言外之意是“（由于天气不好）我们没有去野餐”。为什么没去呢？but后说的就是其原因：整天都在下雨。以上综合以上语境分析，空格处只能填一般过去时。32.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area_invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was解析：答案选D。此题既考查时态的用法，同时又考查主语一致。根据问句中的时态和last night这一短语可知，此处谈的是昨晚的事，故应用一般过去时，而不用现在完成时。另外，根据英语语法，当两个或多个名词并列作主语，且受到every的修饰时，其后谓语动词要用单数。故答案选D。33.He_football regularly for many years when he was young.A.was playingB.playedC.has playedD.had played解析：答案选B。根据句中的when he was young可知，主句时态宜用一般过去时，句意为：他在年轻时经常踢球，并踢过许多年。34.I dont believe youve already finished reading the bookI_it to you this morning!A.would lendB.was lendingC.had lentD.lent解析：答案选D。根据句末的this morning可知，空格处应填一般过去时。35.You speak very good French!Thanks. I_French inSichuanUniversityfor four years.A.studiedB.studyC.was studyingD.had studied解析：答案选A。根据句意及句中时间状语for four years可推知，空格处该用一般过去时或现在完成时；由于选项中没有现在完成时，故用一般过去时。36. The food here is nice enough.My fr