知识产权练习.doc

翻译v (1) Intellectual Property, very broadly, means the legal rights which results from Intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic works. vv (2) Countries have laws to protect intellectual property for two main reasons. One is to give statutory expression to moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and the right of the public in access to those creations. v The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of government policy, creativity and the dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair-trading which world contribute to economic and social developmentv (3)The Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), concluded in Stockholm on July 14, 1967 provides that “Intellectual Property shall include rights relating to:v -Literary, artistic and scientific works,v -Performances of performing artists, phonograms, and broadcasts.v -Inventions in all fields of human endeavor, v -Scientific discoveries, v - Industrial designs,v -Trademarks,service marks,and v commercial names and designations, v -Protection against unfair competition v - All other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields.” 简答v 1.What is Intellectual Property?v 智力成果的创造人依法享有的对其智力成果的权利和工商业活动中商业标记所有人对其商业标记的权利的总称-吴汉东vv 2.What does Intellectual Property include?v 版权与邻接权，专利权（发明、实用新型、外观设计）和科学发现有关的权利，商标权、商号权和其他商业标记有关的权利，与防止不正当竞争有关的权利。v 3.What are the sources of Intellectual Property?v 我国知识产权的渊源一般有宪法、法律、行政法规和规章、司法解释以及国际公约与条约等等。v v 4 What are the characters of Intellectual Property?v 知识产权一般具有无形性、专有性、地域性、时间性以及可复制性等特征。翻译v (1) Registered trademarks are those that have been approved and registered by the Trademark Office, including commodity trademarks, service trademarks, collective marks and certification marks; v 经商标局核准注册的商标为注册商标，包括商品商标、服务商标和集体商标、证明商标；vv (2) With respect to the commodities that the state has designated as requiring the use of a registered trademark, an application for trademark registration must be filed; the commodities may not be sold on the market before the registration is granted. v 国家规定必须使用注册商标的商品，必须申请商标注册，未经核准注册的，不得在市场销售。v (3) When an application has been made to register a trademark that is in conformity with the relevant provisions of this Law, the Trademark Office shall make a preliminary examination and approval of that trademark and shall publicly announce it v 申请注册的商标，凡符合本法有关规定的，由商标局初步审定，予以公告。v Any person may file an opposition to a trademark which has been given preliminary examination and approval within three months from the day it was publicly announced. If no opposition is filed after the period of public announcement expires, registration shall be granted, a trademark registration certificate shall be issued and the trademark shall be publicly announced. v 对初步审定的商标，自公告之日起三个月内，任何人均可以提出异议。公告期满无异议的，予以核准注册，发给商标注册证，并予公告vv (4) It follows from the marks basic function of distinguishing the goods of its owner from those of others that he must be able to object to the use of confusingly similar marks for identical goods in order to prevent consumers and the public in general from being misled. This is the essence of exclusive right afforded to the trademark owner by registration. v 专有权的产生源于商标的一个基本功能，即它能够区别某人的商品与其他所有者的商品从而使商品所有者能阻止容易混淆的相似商标在相同商品上使用以避免误导消费者和公众。这正是商标所有者通过商标注册所享有专有权的本质简答v 1. What is trademarks composition? v 任何能够将自然人、法人或者其他组织的商品与他人的商品区别开的可视性标志，包括文字、图形、字母、数字、三维标志和颜色组合，以及上述要素的组合，均可以作为商标申请注册。v 商标法第八条 v 2. What is trademarks classification?v 使用对象：商品商标、服务商标；v 构成要素：文字商标、图形商标、组合商标、v 字母商标、数字商标、颜色组合商标v 知名程度：普通商标、驰名商标v 特殊商标：v 用途：联合商标、防御商标；v 使用者：集体商标，证明商标 v 3. What are the procedures of trademark registration?申请形式审查公告异议复审诉讼核准注册授权（公告）v 4. How do we understand trademark right?v 商标权是商标注册人对其注册商标所享有的权利，包括使用权和禁用权。v 所谓商标的使用权，既商标注册人自己对商标的使用，也包括许可他人使用的权利。v 所谓商标的禁用权，既商标权人有权禁止他人在同一类或者类似商品上使用与其注册商标相同或者近似的商标。v 5. How do we understand the distinctive feature 0f trademark?v 商标显著性是指商标所具有的标示企业商品或服务出处并使之区别于其他企业之商品或服务的属性。v 根据商标固有显著性的不同，将商标做强商标（strong mark）和弱商标（weak mark）的区分，只有强商标才能获得联邦注册。显著性可以从固有显著性和获得显著性两个角度来理解，固有显著性即只有商标本身具有显著性；当商标所有人证明其商标已取得第二含义（secondary meaning），该商标也可能获得在主注册簿（Principal Register）上的注册，这体现了商标的获得显著性。翻译v (1) copyright protection also includes moral rights, which involve the right to claim the authorship of a work, and the right to oppose changes to it that could harm the creators reputation. v 版权保护还包括精神权利，涉及表明作者身份的权利，以及反对对作品进行有可能有损于创作者声誉的修改的权利。v (2) The field of copyright and the related rights has expanded enormously with the technological progress of the last several decades, which has brought new ways of spreading creations by such forms of worldwide communication as satellite broadcast and compact discs. v 过去几十年中，随着技术的进步，版权以及相关权利领域大大地拓宽了其范围。这种技术进步通过诸如卫星广播和光盘之类的全世界通信手段，为传播创作作品提供了新的途径。v (3) many owners of creative works do not have the means to pursue the legal and administrative enforcement of copyright, especially given the increasingly worldwide use of literary, musical and performance rights. As a result, the establishment of collective management organization and societies is a growing trend in many counties. 许多创作作品中的所有人无法实施版权保护的法律和行政手段，特别是文学、音乐和表演的权利越来越多地在世界范围内被使用。因此，在许多国家成立集体管理组织或者协会已经成为一种发展趋势。 v (4) Copyright protection extends only to expressions, not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. The principle has been confirmed by the agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual property (TRIPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as well as the WIPO Copyright treaty.版权的保护仅延伸至表达方式,不包括思想、程序 、操作方法或者数学概念等。该原则已经在关于与贸易有关的知识产权协议（世界贸易组织的( WTO )TRIPS协定）,以及世界知识产权组织版权条约等相关协定中得以确定简答v 1.How do you understand “copyright”?v 著作权（在我国，与版权是同一概念）是指作者及其他著作权人依法对文学、艺术、科学作品所享有的独占权利，包括著作人身权利和著作财产权。v 2.What is the kind of works (objects of copyright)?本法所称的作品，包括以下列形式创作的文学、艺术和自然科学、社会科学、工程技术等作品:（一）文字作品；（二）口述作品；（三）音乐、戏剧、曲艺、舞蹈、杂技艺术作品；（四）美术、建筑作品；（五）摄影作品；（六）电影作品和以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品；（七）工程设计图、产品设计图、地图、示意图等图形作品和模型作品；（八）计算机软件； （九）法律、行政法规规定的其他作品。-著作权法第三v 3.What is the area of works excluded?v 依法禁止出版、传播的作品，不受本法保护。v 著作权人行使著作权，不得违反宪法和法律，不得损害公共利益。 v v -著作权法第四条本法不适用于：（一）法律、法规，国家机关的决议、决定、命令和其他具有立法、行政、司法性质的文件，及其官方正式译文；（二）时事新闻；（三）历法、通用数表、通用表格和公式。 v -著作权法第五条v 4.What is the content of copyright ?v 我国著作权法规定，著作权包括两类具体的权利。即著作人身权(又称精神权利)和著作财产权(又称经济权益)。v 与著作权有关的权益，即著作邻接权等权利是基于表演者、录音制作者和广播电视组织进行传播作品而对其表演活动、录音制品和广播电视节目享有的权利。所以，著作邻接权不在著作权的内容范围内。v 著作人身权包括发表权、署名权、修改权和保护作品完整权。著作财产权包括复制权、表演权、播放权、展览权、发行权、摄制电影、电视、录像权、改编权、翻译权、注释权、编辑权(汇编权)、出租权、整理权。v 5.What is the period of copyright protection?v 我国著作权的保护期限，是指著作权受法律保护的时间界限或者说是著作权的有效期限。在著作权的期限内，作品的著作权受法律保护；著作权期限届满，就丧失著作权，该作品便进入公共领域，不再受法律保护。我国对著作人身权和著作财产权保护期分别加以规定。著作人身权中的署名权、修改权和保护作品完整权永久受到法律保护。发表权的保护期与著作权中的财产权利的保护期相同。著作财产权的保护期是有限制的，其著作财产权的保护期为作者有生之年加死亡后50年。法人、非法人单位的作品，著作权（署名权除外）由法人或者非法人单位享有的职务作品，其发表、使用权和获得报酬权的保护期为50年。翻译v (1)Patent protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distribution, or sold without the patent owners consent .v 专利保护是指未经专利权人的同意，不得对发明进行商业性制造、使用、经销、或者销售。v (2) An invention must ,in general, fulfill the following conditions to be protected by a patent. It must be of practical applicability; It must show an element of novelty, that is, some new characteristic, which is not known in the body of existing knowledge in its technical field. 一般地说，发明必须符合以下条件才能受到专利保护。 发明必须具有实际使用价值，并必须具有新颖性内容。即必须具有在其所属技术领域已有知识的总和中不为人所知的一些新特征。The invention must show an inventive step, which could not deduced by a person with average knowledge of technical field, finally its subject must accepted as “patentable” under law. In many countries, scientific theories, mathematical methods, plant or animals varieties, discoveries of natural substances, commercial methods for medical treatment are generally not patentable发明必须具有同一技术领域中具有中等知识水平的人所不能演绎出的创造性。最后，发明的主题必须是根据法律规定“可获专利”的。在许多国家，科学理论，数学方法，植物或者动物品种，自然物质的发现，商业方法或治疗方法一般不能获得专利权。3.The first step in securing a patent is the filing of a patent application. The patent application generally contains the title of the invention, as well as an indication of its technical field. In order to better describe the invention, visual materials such as drawing, plans, or diagrams usually accompany such descriptions. The application also contains various “claims”, that is , information which determines the extent of protection granted by the patent. 获得专利的第一个步骤是填写专利申请文件。专利申请一般包括发明的名称，以及其所属的技术领域。为了更好地说明专利，诸如图例、设计、图解等可视性材料也常常被引用在说明书中。专利申请文件中还有各种权利要求书，它的作用是决定授权专利的保护范围。简答v 1.How do you understand “patent”?v 专利是一项发明创造，即发明、实用新型或外观设计向国家专利局提出专利申请，经依法审查合格后，向专利申请人授予的在规定的时间内对该项发明创造享有的专有权。专利具有独占与公开两层含义。 所谓独占，又称垄断，是法律授予技术发明人在一定时期内享有独占使用的权利。所谓公开，是指技术发明人作为对法律授予其独占权的回报而将其技术公之于众，使社会公众可以通过正常的渠道获得有关专利技术的信息。v 2.What are objects of patent right?v 专利权的客体，也称为专利法保护的对象，是指依法应授予专利的发明创造。根据我国专利法第2条的规定，专利