人参根、茎、叶、果实等各部分化学成分——【沐林参业】.docx

好人生 沐林参 / 人参的化学成分时间: 2011-04-01人参的主要成分是人参皂甙（Ginsenoside），我国科学工作者现已从人参中分离出39种人参单体皂甙。除人参皂甙外，人参还含有人参多糖、人参蛋白质、人参挥发油、氨基酸、无机元素、肽类物质、多种维生素，有机酸、生物碱、脂肪类、黄酮类、酶类、甾醇、核苷、木质素等物质。人参皂甙：植物人参含有多种化学成分，我国科技人员现已从人参中分离出单体皂甙有39多种，其中：【鲜参主根】从鲜参主根中分离出Ro、Ra1、Ra2、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、 Rg1、Rg2、Rg3、Rh1等14种人参单体皂甙。【干参主根】从干参主根中分离出Ro、Ra1、Ra2、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg1、Rg2、Rg3、Rh1、20glc人参皂甙Rf等15种人参皂甙。其中Rg3为首次从人参根中提得。【人参根颈】从人参根茎（芦头）中分离出Ro、Rbl、Rb2、Rc、Rd、 Re、Rgl、Rg2等8种人参皂甙，其中Ro、Rg2为首次从人参根茎中提得。【人参茎叶】从人参茎叶中分离出Rbl、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re、20glc人参皂甙Rf、Rg1、Rg2、Rg3、Rg4、Rhl、Rh2、Rh3、20（R）人参皂甙Rh2、F1、F2、F3等17种单体皂甙，其中F1、F2、F3、Rh3、Rg4 等为首次从人参茎叶中提得。【人参花蕾】从人参花蕾中分离出Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1、Rg2、20glc人参皂甙Rf 、Rm7cd等10种人参皂甙，其中Rb3、Rg2、20glc人参皂甙Rf为首次从人参花蕾中提取，Rm7cd为人参花蕾特有成分。【人参果实】从人参果实中分离出Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1、Rg2、20-（R）-人参皂甙Rg2 等8种人参皂甙，其中Rb1、Rg2、20（R）人参皂甙Rg2 为首次从人参果实中提得。人参皂甙的含量因其部位、加工方法、栽培年限和产地不同而有差异，据测验，白参主根含2.03.5；红参主根含3.84.9；不定根4.9；根茎6.4；地上茎2.1；人参侧根含6.512.0；白参须含9.312.3；红参须含8.311.7；花蕾含15.0；果肉8.9；种子含0.7。参皮含8.08.8%，人参叶含7.612.6%。白参须、红参须含皂甙Rb1、Rb2和Re约4，而白参、红参根部仅含0.40.5，但白参和红参根部所含皂甙Rg1较白参须、红参须为多。附1：人参皂甙类型分列表原人参二醇型（22）原人参三醇型（13）齐墩果酸型（1）其它类型皂甙（14）Ginsenoside-Ra1Ginsenoside-Ra2Ginsenoside-Ra3Ginsenoside-Rb1Ginsenoside-Rb2Ginsenoside-Rb3Ginsenoside-RcGinsenoside-Rd20（S）-Ginsenoside-Rg320（R）-Ginsenoside-Rg3 Ginsenoside-F2Ginsenoside-Rh220（R）-Ginsenoside- Rh2 Quinquenoside-R1Ginsenoside-Rs1Ginsenoside-Rs2Ginsenoside-Rs3malonyl-ginsenosides-Rb1malonyl-ginsenosides-Rb2malonyl-ginsenosides-Rcmalonyl-ginsenosides-RdNotoginsenoside-R4Ginsenoside-ReGinsenoside-Rf20-gluco-Ginsenoside-RfGinsenoside-Rg1Ginsenoside-Rg220（R）-Ginsenoside- Rg2 Ginsenoside-Rh120（R）-Ginsenoside-Rh1 Ginsenoside-F1Ginsenoside-F3Ginsenoside-F5Notoginsenoside-R1 Koryoginsenoside-R1Ginsenoside-RoGinsenoside-Rh3Ginsenoside-Rg5Ginsenoside-F4Ginsenoside-Rh4Ginsenoside-La20-(21)-脱羟基Ginsenoside-Rg2Ginsenoside-F6a珠碜甙-F2珠碜甙-F4Ginsenoside-L9bcGinsenoside-RM7cd25-羟基- Ginsenoside-Rg2Koryoginsenoside-R2 Ginsenoside-La以上是按照人参皂甙类型分列表，即：原人参二醇型皂甙22种；原人参三醇型皂甙13种；齐墩果酸型人参皂甙1种；其它类型人参皂甙14种。附2：人参皂甙成分列表人参共有皂甙成分(18种)白参特有皂甙成分(4种)红参特有皂甙成分(12种)ginsenoside-Roginsenoside-Ra1ginsenoside-Ra2ginsenoside-Ra3ginsenoside-Rb1ginsenoside-Rb2ginsenoside-Rb3ginsenoside-Rcginsenoside-Rdginsenoside-Reginsenoside-Rfginsenoside-Rg1ginsenoside-Rg2ginsenoside-Rg3ginsenoside-Rh1quinquenoside-R1, notoginsenoside-R1,20-gluco-ginsenoside-Rfmalonyl-ginsenoside-Rb1 malonyl-ginsenoside-Rb2 malonyl-ginsenoside-Rc malonyl-ginsenoside-Rdginsenoside-Rh2ginsenoside-Rs1ginsenoside-Rs2ginsenoside-Rs3ginsenoside-Rs420(S)-ginsenoside-Rg320(R)-ginsenoside-Rg220(R)-ginsenoside-Rh1notoginsenoside-R4g