考研英语翻译历年真题解析(2001-2010).doc

2001年题目解析：71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 结构分析：71) 主句There / will be / 并列结构1 television chat shows / 后置定语hosted by robots, / 并列结构2 and cars / 后置定语 with pollution monitors / 定语从句that / will disable / them / 时间（条件）状语从句when / they / offend.词义推敲：there will be 将来会有，到时会有television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话/聊天节目.chat shows：访谈节目host：to act as host at (an event) or to (a person) 主持、主办（活动）；招待cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车that will disable them：监控器就会使其（汽车）停驶disable them 使汽车失灵/停止运行/无法前进/不能开动/瘫痪/将阻止汽车开动offend (汽车)污染超标/违规参考译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。得分重点：并列结构，定语从句，时间状语从句72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.结构分析：72) 并列结构1 Children / will play with / dolls / 后置定语equipped with / personality chips, / 并列结构2 computers / 后置定语with in-built personalities / 被动结构will be regarded并列结构11as / workmates / 并列结构22 rather than 省略结构（as）tools, / 并列结构3 relaxation / will be / in front of / smell-television, / 并列结构4 and / digital age / will have arrived.词义推敲：doll：洋娃娃，玩具娃娃equip with：装备personality chip：个性芯片personality：distinctive qualities of a person, especially those distinguishing personal characteristics that make one socially appealing 人品个人独特的品质，特别是那些有区别性的、使某人具有社交魅力的个人性格chip：an integrated circuit 集成电路computers with in-built personalities 个性内置的计算机be regarded as 被当作workmate 同事rather than 而不是smell television 气味电视机digital age 数字（化）时代参考译文：孩子们将会与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍/装有集成电路块的有个人性格的玩偶玩，具有内置个性的计算机/内部装有人格化芯片的电脑将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将会在气味电视机前休闲/放松/休息/消遣/娱乐，届时数字化时代就来到了。得分重点：并列结构，被动结构，省略结构，比较结构rather than73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.结构分析：73) 主句Pearson / has pieced together / 多重定语the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world, / 结果状语to produce / 多重定语a unique millennium technology calendar / 定语从句that / gives / the latest dates / 定语从句when / we / can expect / hundreds of / key breakthroughs and discoveries / to take place.词义推敲：Pearson 皮尔森(音译)pieced together 汇集；综合the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world：多重后置定语后浪推前浪，可以翻译为：（世界各地/全世界/来自全世界）数百位研究人员的成果to produce （结果）编制（出了）a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历the latest dates 最迟的日期latest：最新的 when：by which，到这些日期key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破key：重要的，关键的breakthrough：突破，成就参考译文：皮尔森（汇集/收集/综合/拼集）（世界各地/全世界/来自全世界）数百位研究人员的成果，（结果）编制了一个（独特/独一无二/唯一）的（技术千年历/千年技术日历），它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的（最迟/最近）日期。得分重点：定语从句，多重定语结构74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.结构分析：74) 状语结构But / 主语that, / 插入结构Pearson / points out, / 谓语is only / 多重定语the start of / man-machine integration: / 直接引语 “引语的主句It / will be / 多重定语the beginning of / the long process of / integration / 定语从句that / will ultimately lead to / a fully electronic human / 时间状语before / the end of / the next century.”词义推敲：that指代上文a breakthrough 突破，the start of man-machine integration 人机一体化的开始 computer-human linksintegrate：结合，一体化the beginning of the long process of integration：多重后置定语后浪推前浪，可以翻译为：人机一体化漫长之路的第一步 / 长期的综合过程的开始 / 漫长的集成历程的开始 / 整体化长久过程的开端ultimately：最终lead to 引起出现，导致产生a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前参考译文：但是皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是（人机一体化/人机综合/人机集成/人和机器结合/人和机器结合为一体/人机集成技术）的（一个）（开始/起点/开端）：“它（将是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步/将成为长期的综合过程的开始/将成为漫长的集成历程的开始/将成为整体化长久过程的开端），（最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人/人机一体化将在下个世纪末之前导致完完全全的电子人地出现）。”得分重点：插入结构，定语从句75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.结构分析：75) 主句And / home appliances / will also become / so smart / 状语从句that / controlling and operating them / will result in / 多重定语the breakout of / a new psychological disorder / - kitchen rage.词义推敲：home appliances 家用电器smart 聪明，智能化them：指代home appliances，译作“它们”。result in：导致，出现the breakout of / a new psychological disorder：（引发/出现/发作/发生/爆发）一种新的（心理疾病/心理混乱/心理不正常/心理失衡/心理紊乱/心理错乱）breakout 爆发psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调)kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒，厨房生气rage：furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 狂暴，猖獗猛烈的力度，用于风暴或疾病参考译文：而家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会（引发/出现/发作/发生/爆发）一种新的心理疾病/心理混乱/心理不正常/心理失衡/心理紊乱/心理错乱的爆发厨房狂燥症。得分重点：状语从句，多重定语结构9、2002年题目解析：61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.结构分析：61) 主句One difficulty / is / 表语从句 that 从句的主语almost all of / 宾语从句what is called / behavioral science（多重定语结构） / 谓语continues to trace behavior to / states of mind, / feelings, / traits of character, / human nature, / and so on.词义推敲：One difficulty is that ：表语从句由系动词修饰和限定。难题之一在于、一个困难是。almost all of / what is called / behavioral science：多重定语结构。几乎所有的所谓的行为科学what is called 所谓的behavioral science行为科学continue to依然/继续/延续trace to 追踪溯源states of mind 心态，意识状态feelings 感情traits of character 性格特点human nature 人性参考译文：难题之一在于/一个困难就是所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然/继续/延续从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找/研究/探索/探究行为的根源。得分重点：表语从句，宾语从句，被动结构62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.结构分析：62) 主句The behavioral sciences / have been slow / to change / 并列结构1 partly 原因状语从句because / 主语 the explanatory items / often / 被动结构seem to be directly observed / 并列结构2 and partly 原因状语从句because / 主语other kinds of explanations / 谓语have been hard / to find.词义推敲：have been slow to change （一直）发展缓慢。have been：完成时一直，一向。slow：缓慢的 change 改变，发展。the explanatory items： 用以解释的依据、要素（内容，项目）item 内容，项目依据、要素seem to be directly observed：被动结构，最好不要用“被”字。似乎往往是（直接观察到的/从直接观察中得到的/来自于直接的观察/是直接观察的结果。seem to be 似乎往往是 directly observed 直接观察到的 / 从直接观察中得到的 / 来自于直接的观察 / 是直接观察的结果other kinds of explanations 其他的解释方式 / 类型的解释 / 种类的解释参考译文：（行为科学/行为科学的研究/行为学理论/行为科学方法）之所以（发展缓慢/变化很慢/发展很慢），部分原因是用来解释（行为/它们/不译）的（依据/因素/要素/内容/项目）似乎往往是（直接观察到的/从直接观察中得到的/来自于直接的观察/是直接观察的结果），部分原因是其他（的解释方式/类型的解释/种类的解释）一直（难以找到/很难发现/获得得十分困难/不容易被发现）。得分重点：原因状语从句，并列结构，被动结构63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.结构分析：63) 并列结构1 主语 多重定语The role of / natural selection / in evolution / 谓语 被动结构was formulated / 时间状语结构only a little more than a hundred years ago, / 并列结构2 and 主语 多重定语结构the selective role of / the environment / in shaping and maintaining / the behavior of / the individual / 谓语is only beginning to / 被动结构be recognized and studied.词义推敲：the role of natural selection in evolution：多重定语结构后浪推前浪。我们可以范围为：进化过程中自然选择的作用。in evolution：在演化中。role：a function or position 功能，职位。natural selection：自然选择。was formulated：得以（阐明/表述/解释/论证/揭示）。被动结构最好不要用“被”字。formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证 only a little more than a hundred years ago：仅/只在一百多年前。the selective role of / the environment / in shaping and maintaining / the behavior / of the individual：（保持/维护）个体行为时的选择作用/角色。in shaping and maintaining 在形成和保持的过程中。to be recognized and studied被动结构最好不要用“被”字。（被 / 得到）（认识 / 承认 / 意识到 / 认可）和研究。recognize：to perceive or show acceptance of the validity or reality of 承认，认可认识到或表现出接受的合理性或真实性参考译文：自然选择在进化/演化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明/表述/解释/论证/揭示，而环境在塑造/形成/造就和保持/维护个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识/承认/意识到/认可和研究。得分重点：并列结构，被动结构，多重定语结构64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.结构分析：64) 主句并列结构1 主句They / are / 多重定语the possessions / of the autonomous (self-governing) man / of traditional theory, / 并列结构2 and 主句they / re essential / to practices / 定语从句in / which / 主语a person / 谓语 并列结构11 被动结构is held responsible / for his conduct / and 并列结构22 被动结构 省略结构（a person is）given credit / for his achievements.词义推敲：They：指代“freedom and dignity”，译作“自由与尊严”the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory：多重后置定语后浪推前浪。我们可以翻译为：传统理论定义的（自主行为的/自我控制的/自我约束的/自主人/自治者/自我管理者）所拥有的（不译/所有物/所具备的东西/财产/财富）。autonomous (self-governing)：自主行为的；自我管理的；自我约束的。possession：wealth or property 财富，财产。be essential to 必不可少的，非常重要的practices 实践活动in which = in these practices，译作“在这些实践活动中”。is held responsible for 对负责conduct：the way a person acts, especially from the standpoint of morality and ethics 操行，行为一个人行为的方式，尤指从道德和伦理的角度来看。and given credit for 认可；赞誉；给予肯定credit：approval for an act, ability, or quality; praise 赞同，赞扬对某一行为、能力或质量的赞同；赞扬参考译文：自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主行为的/自我控制的/自我约束的/自主人/自治者/自我管理者所拥有的/财产/财富，而且他们是实践活动/实践/实际活动中必不可少的，在这些实践活动中，一个人必须对他的行为负责，取得成绩时他也必须得到表扬。得分重点：并列结构，多重定语结构，定语从句，被动结构，省略结构65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.结构分析：65) 条件状语从句Until / 主语these issues / 谓语 被动结构are resolved, / 主语a technology / of 省略结构behavior （science）谓语 / 被动结构will continue / to be rejected, / 省略结构and with it / possibly the only way / to solve our problems（will continue to be rejected）.词义推敲：until 除非，如果不issue are resolved 被动结构问题得以解决a technology of behavior：研究行为（科学）的技术手段to be rejected被动结构受到排斥 / 被抛弃 / 被拒绝 / 被否定 / 被反对and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems（will continue to be rejected）省略结构with it 随之；伴随着它。possibly the only way to solve our problems 解决问题的惟一方式 / 唯一可能解决问题的方式参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决/除非这些问题得到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥/被抛弃/被拒绝/被否定/被反对，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之受到排斥。得分重点：条件状语从句，被动结构，省略结构10、2003年题目解析：(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.结构分析：复合句61) 状语Furthermore, / 主句humans / have / the ability 后置定语to / modify the environment / 定语从句in which / they / live, / 结果状语thus / subjecting all other life forms to / their own peculiar ideas and fancies.词义推敲：furthermore：而且，此外modify the environment in which they live：改变他们的生存/所居住环境modify：to change in form or character; alter 变更，在形式或特征上改变，修改they：指代“humans”subjecting all other life forms to 让所有其它形态的生命服从other life forms = other forms of life 其它形式的生命peculiar：独特的，特有的fancy：imagination, especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature 想象，尤指有异想天开或空想的特性的，喜好参考译文：（而且/另外/并且/更进一步来说/甚至/不仅如此/此外），人类还有能力（改变/改善/改进/改造）自己的生存环境，从而使所有（其它形态的生命/其他生命形式/其他生命形态/其他形式的生命）（服从于/承受/都符合/按照来改变/将进行改造/与一致/适应）人类自己独特的想法和想像。得分重点：定语从句，固定短语(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 结构分析：62) 主句Social science / is / that branch of / intellectual enquiry / 定语从句which / seeks to / study / humans and their endeavors / 方式状语in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / 定语从句that natural scientists / use / 目的状语for the study of / natural phenomena.词义推敲：Social science 社会科学intellectual enquiry 知识探究enquiry = inquiry：探究，探索seek to：试图，设法humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为endeavor：努力in manner 以方式，用方法reasoned 理性的orderly 有序的dispassioned 冷静的natural phenomena 自然现象参考译文：社会科学是知识探索/探究/探寻的一个分支，它力图/试图/致力于/寻求像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的/推理的、有序的/有规律的/有条理的/有秩序的、系统的和冷静的/客观的/不受情绪影响的）（方式/方法）研究人类及其行为。得分重点：定语从句(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 结构分析：63) 主语The emphasis on / data / 后置定语gathered first-hand, / combined with / a cross-cultural perspective / brought to / the analysis of / cultures / past and present, / 谓语makes / this study / a 前置定语unique and distinctly important social science.词义推敲：The emphasis对的强调，对的重视data gathered first-hand搜集的第一手资料first-hand：直接地，第一手地combined with加上a cross-cultural perspective跨文化视角参考译文：（强调/注重/重视/对于重视/对于强调）（搜集/采集/收集）第一手（资料/数据），（加上/结合/连同）在分析（过去和现在的文化（形态）/古今文化/过去和现在的文化现象）时采用（跨文化/文化交汇/交叉文化）（视角/视点/观察），使这一研究成为一门（独特/独一无二/与众不同）并且（非常重要的/极为重要的/特别重要的/有特殊重要性的）社会科学。得分重点：多重定语结构(64)Tylor defined culture as “that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”结构分析：64) 主句Tylor / defined culture as / 直接引语. 引语的主句that complex whole / 定语从句which / includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, / and any other capabilities / and habits / 后置定语acquired by man / as a member of society.词义推敲：Tylor人名，按照音译“泰勒”。defined culture as 将文化定义为that complex whole 一个复合体which：指代“whole”，译作“它”。morals 道德acquire：取得，获得man as a member of society 人作为社会成员/作为社会成员的人参考译文：泰勒（把文化定义为/为文化下的定义是/是这样定义文化的）“一个（复合整体/复合体/综合体/集合体/统一体/复杂整体/组合体），（它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯/它包括（信仰/信念）、艺术、（道德/伦理）、法律、风俗（习惯）以及人作为社会成员所（获得/获取）的其它能力和习惯）。”得分重点：定语从句，后置定语(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.结构分析：65) 状语结构Thus, / 主语 多重定语the anthropological concept of / culture, / 插入结构 举例like / 多重定语the concept of / set / in mathematics, / 谓语is / an abstract concept / 定语从句which / makes 倒装结构 / possible / 前置定语immense amounts of / concrete research and understanding.词义推敲：the anthropological concept of culture, 人类学的“文化”的概念the concept of set in mathematics 数学中“集合”的概念an abstract concept抽象概念abstract：considered apart from concrete existence 抽象的，和真实存在不同的which：指代“concept”，译作“它”。make sth possible 使得成为可能which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding：（它/这种概念）使大量的具体研究和认识（成为可能/有可能进行）immense amounts of concrete research大量的具体研究参考译文：（因此/所以），人类学中“文化”的（概念/观念）就像数学中“集合”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。（它/这种概念）使大量的具体研究和认识（成为可能/有可能进行）。得分重点：插入结构，定语从句，倒装结构11、2004年题目解析：(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.结构分析： (61) 主句The Greeks / assumed / 宾语从句that 从句的主句the structure of / language / had some connection with / the process of / thought, / 定语从句which / took root in Europe / 时间状语从句long before / people / realized / 宾语从句how diverse / languages / could be.词义推敲：The Greeks：希腊人assume：认为，假设，假定，承担have connection with：与有关系the process of thought思想的过程；思维过程which：指代前面整句，译作“这个观点”。took rootin生根；扎根long before 早在之前how diverse 多么的不同；多么的千差万别diverse：多种多样的，不同的参考译文：希腊人（认为/以为），语言结构与思维的过程之间存在着某种联系。（这种想法/这一观点），（早在人们意识到语言会有多么千差万别之前在欧洲就已经根深蒂固了/在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根）。得分重点：宾语从句，定语从句，时间状语从句(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.结构分析：(62) 主句We / are obliged to / them / 原因状语从句 because / some of / these languages / have since vanished, / 原因状语从句as / the peoples / 定语从句who / spoke / them / 并列结构1 died out / or 并列结构2 被动结构became assimilated / and lost / their native languages.词义推敲：be obliged to sb. 感激某人them：指代“Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers”，译作“两位先驱”或者“他们”。have since vanished从那以后就消失了，不复存在了since 表示 “从此以后”之意vanish：disappear消失 die out 灭绝assimilate：吸收，同化native languages 母语，本民族的语言参考译文：我们之所以（感激/感谢）他们（两位先驱），是因为从此以后，这些（土著）语言中(的一部分/有一些）（消失/已经不复存在）了，因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，因而丧失了（自己/本族）的语言。 得分重点：原因状语从句，定语从句，并列结构，被动结构 (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.结构分析： (63) 主句The 前置定语newly described languages / were / 状语结构often / so strikingly different from / 多重定语the well studied languages / of Europe and Southeast Asia / 结果状语从句that some scholars / even accused Boas and Sapir of / fabricating / their data.词义推敲：newly described langauges 新描述、研究的语言so . that 如此以至于strikingly different显著的不同striking：显著的，突出的the well studied languages经过充分研究的各种语言accused sb. of sth. 指责谴责某人作了某事Boas and Sapir：（人类学语言学家）博厄斯和萨培尔，译作“博厄斯（Boas）和萨培尔（Sapir）”。fabricating捏造, 伪造, 虚构参考译文：这些新近被描述的各种语言与（经过/得到）充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言（是如此的显著的不同/往往差别显著/惊人的差异/很大的不同），以至于一些学者甚至指责（博厄斯/Boas）和（萨培尔/Sapir）（编造/制造/捏造）了（他们的）资料。得分重点：结果状语从句，固定短语(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.结构分析： (64) 原因状语Being interested in / the relationship of / language and thought, / 主句Whorf / developed / the idea / 同位语从句that the structure of language / determines / the structure of habitual thought / in a society. 词义推敲：being interested in 应增加逻辑主语Whorf，我们可以翻译为“Whorf对语思维的关系很感兴趣”Whorf：人名，译作“沃尔夫”，或者不译。develop与idea搭配，不宜译作“发展”，而译为“形成观点”habitual thought 应译作 “习惯思维”that：引导同位语从句可以译作“即”，“那就是”，或者用冒号、破折号代替。the structure of habitual t