定语从句(关系副词+介词+which whom)教师版.doc

定语从句 （教师版）关系副词when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词when_, _where_与why来引导。2. 它们的区别是：when用于指时间_，相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地点 ，相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因, 相当于for which。3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状_语，不可省略，有时可以用介词+which 代替。二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词，而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。另外，when 和where 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why _则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。 用适当的关系副词填空 I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作时间状语=on which) This is the place where he works. (作地点_状语= in which_) He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因 状语= for which )2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系副词 )还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词 )。英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个。不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way in which he spoke. 用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空 Dont forget the time that/ which Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 Ill never forget the days when/ in which I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。 He works in a factory that/ which makes radio parts. 他在一家造无线电零件的工厂工作。 He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。 Thats the reason that/ which he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。 Thats the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。3. 介词+关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which 和whom , 且_不_省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。 试一试 Do you know the man (who/whom/that) Mr. Black talked with just now?=Doyouknowthemanwith whom Mr.Blacktalkedjustnow? He is the man (who/whom/that) we are proud of.=Heisthemanof whom _weareproud.三、在使用“介词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配，如： Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands? (shakehandswith) Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies. (throughthetelescope)2. 有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look forThisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor。Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.3. 介词放在关系代词之前时，只用which,whom不用that,who。当关系代词指代人时，用whom，关系代词指代物时，用which，如：Isthisthepenwithwhichyouwrotetheletter?Hewroteabout20novels,ofwhichthisisthemostsuccessful.ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews.4. 当先行词是物时，作定语的引导词whose+n=the+ n + of which _或of which+ the_+ n. .Helivesintheroomwhose windowfacessouth.= Helivesintheroom the window of which faces south.= Helivesintheroom of which the window faces south.四、解题基本思路1. 首先判断先行词的性质,是表示时间还是表示地点等等;2. 查看先行词在定语从句中充当何成分；3. 依据充当主语或者宾语，选择合适的关系词。巩固练习I. 把含有介词+which/whom的定语从句下划线并翻译1. I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 我要一张可写信的纸。2. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.将以现金支付他们。3. The house in front of which there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.门前有一棵大树的房子。4. Air, without which man cant live, is really important.5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.II. 用定语从句合并下列句子1.The man is a teacher. I once lived with him.The man with whom I once lived is a teacher.2. The factory was closed. My father had worked in the factory for 20 years.The factory in which my father had worked for 20 years was closed.3. Im looking forward to the days. During the days we will have a good time.Im looking forward to the days during which we will have a good time.4. The village has a big tree. The villagers often have meetings under the tree. The village has a big tree under which the villagers often have meetings.5.A teaching building will be built near the playground. We play basketball on the playground.A teaching building will be built near the playground on which we play basketball.III. 用适当的介词+which/whom填空1. Albert Einstein, for whom life was once hard, didnt care about money.2. The teacher from whom I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.3. Is that the fish _for which you asked the waiter?4. Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.5. Hell never forget the day on which he was admitted to the Olympic Games.6. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.7. Is that the girl to whom you lent your bike?.8. The sun gives us heat and light, without which we cant live.9. The student with whom we were talking is the best one in our class.10. The man _with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.IV. 句型转换1. They live in a house, whose windows are made of glass. They live in a house, the window of which are made of glass.2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students.He has two daughters, both of whom are college students.3. China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Tai Wan.China has hundreds of islands, of which the largest is Tai Wan. 4. Can you think of a situation where this word is used?Can you think of a situation in which _this word is used?5. China has a lot of famous writers and Lu Xun is one of them.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom _is Lu Xun.V. 改错1. The way in that he learns English is interesting. ( in which )2. The shop that he bought the dictionary is not far away from his school.( in which )3. He always spends the whole day in the shop that he reads English novels.( where )4. I like the way which he speaks English. ( in which/ that / )5. The book of which cover is red is a photo album. ( of which the cover )6. I thanked the man with whom help I found the hospital.(with whose help)7. The WWII in that millions of people were killed ended in 1945.( in which )8. I will never forget the moment which I heard him speaking English. ( at which)9. I found a house the roof had been destroyed. ( +of which/ whose roof)10. This is the reason which his parents gave him the money to buy the book.( why )VI. 完成句子1. The boy will never forget the day on which / when he was left alone at home（他一个人留在家里）. 2. There are two thousand students in our school, two thirds of whom are girls.（其中三分之二是女孩）3. There were about 50 foreign students studying in China, most of whom were Germans. （大多数人是德国人）. 4. The laboratory in which/where he is working (他在那儿工作的) is well equipped.5. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.（从那儿他能看见正发生的事）.课堂巩固：用“介词+关系代词”做一、Fill in the blanks with “prep. + which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs youve listened to. (that)2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.( on which) 3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread. ( with which )4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light. (from which )5. The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics. (in which )6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands? ( with whom )7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100. ( for which )8. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money. (on which )9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect. ( for/to whom )10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute. (for whom )11. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge. ( on which )12. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO. ( at which )13. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition. (at which )14. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family ( on which )15. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed. (in which )16. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.( in which )17. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished. ( in which )18. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father. ( in which )19. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework. (for which )20. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier. ( for which )二、Multiple choices:1. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that2. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. (05全国) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3. We saw several natives advanc