量词总结范文.doc

量词总结范文 量词总结 1、一群一群人a crowdgroupmultitudethrongarmyteamclass of people；a gangswarmhordepackband ofpeople（in aderogatory way）troop通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人。 如a troopof demonstratorsshoppersvisitors bevy特指女性的“一群”，有时指鸟类，尤指鹌鹑或云雀。 如a bevyof actressesyoung womenladiesshop girlsquails表贬义的“一群”有a mobof angrypeopleriotersslavesliarsblackguards horde原意为游牧部落，通常含有轻蔑色彩a hordeof lazy-bonesswindlerslocustshooligans band；gang常指“帮”a bandof robbersgangstersthievesoutlaws a gang ofcriminalsslavesprisoners一群牛、象、马、天鹅a herdof cattleelephantshorsesswans一群鸟a flock of birdsgeesehensgoatsswallowssheepchickens一群猎狗a packof houndswolvesgrouse一群狐狸a skulkof foxes一群狮子a prideof lions一群星星a clusterof stars一群鱼a schoolshoal of fishshrimps一群马a studdrove ofhorses一群鹅a gaggleflockof geese一群蚊子蝴蝶a swarmof mosquitoesbutterflies一群（窝）蚂蚁a colonyof antsbees一群建筑物a clumpplex ofbuildings 2、一丝点层片一片草皮a chunkof turf一丝睡意a winkof sleep一丝怀疑a shadowof doubt一点点工作a strokeof work一线未来之光a glimpseof future一缕月光a streakof moonlightamber（fig）一丝绿意；一片绿色a tintof green一片心意a smalltoken ofour hearts一丝嫉妒；一阵窘迫a slighttwinge ofjealousyembarrassment一丝恻隐之心a signof sympathyfor.一丝懊悔a slighttwinge of remorse一层霜雪糖霜a layerof frostsnowcream一丝失望的眼神a flickerof disappointment（剩下）一口气一丝气a sparkbreath oflife一丝失望的情绪a taintfaint ofdisappointment一片漆黑pletely dark；dismal night；pitch dark一片汪洋a floodof water 3、英译“一阵”，颇有学问，且看以下译例（突然爆发出的）一阵哭泣喝彩炮击雷声a burstof tearscheersgunfirethunder（量如洪水的）一阵泪雨瓢泼大雨夸夸其谈a floodof tearsrainboasts少量或稀疏的一阵（小）雨射击a spatterof rainbullets一阵稀疏的掌声喝彩a spatterof applausecheers声响很大的一阵隆隆的炮声雷声a pealof artillerythunder突然而猛烈的一阵暴雨狂风烈火a gustblast ofrainwindflame持续短暂的一阵怒气激情咳嗽a fitof angerpassioncoughing一阵呕吐a vomitingfit持续一段时间的一阵厄运暑热a spell of badlucksummer heat一阵寒潮a coldspellofweather一阵昏厥a faintingspell（针捻刀刺般的）一阵内疚牙痛风湿痛a twingeofremorsetoothacherheumatism一阵尴尬a twingeof embarrassment（抽搐或颤抖的）一阵痛苦伤心咳嗽激动a spasmof paingriefcoughingexcitement雹打雨淋般的一阵轰炸打击咒骂a hailof bombsblowscurse一阵弹雨批评a showerof bulletscriticism更多的例子一阵欢乐an agonyof joy一阵子爱意a flushof love一点点工作a strokeof work一阵心脏病发作a strokeof heartattack一点点满足a crumbof satisfaction一种混乱的政治局面a chaosof politics 4、“一阵”为何有这么多不同的译法其实原因很简单，汉语“一阵”这个数量词不含修辞色彩，可用于各类描述；而在英语中，“一阵”这个概念则是由许多不同的名词来表述的，而且这些词一般分别具有不同的修辞色彩。 如spatter“少量”，“稀疏”之义；peal专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音；twinge特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛；burst泛指突然爆发出的一阵，有突如其来之感；hail和shower的比喻色彩也很浓，有雹打雨淋之感；spell常用于描述天气、疾病等，表持续一阵子；flood一词比喻色彩浓厚，给人以量如洪水，滔滔不绝之感；gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵。 也可用喻感情的猛烈进发；fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发；spasm原指痉挛，抽搐，用于动作、感情的一阵突发时，表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感。 由此可见，英译“一阵”，宜细心推敲，酌情翻译。 5、其他类似的汉译英所用的修辞性的用法a）暗喻Metaphor一串香蕉a handof bananas颗颗汗珠beads ofsweat一长串汽车a stringof cars很大的朋友圈a largecircle of friends b）借代Metonymy一串珍珠a ropeof pearls一炉钢a heatof steel一年三熟three cropsa year一大群飞机a cloudof planes林立的烟囱a forest of chimneys一片沙滩a beachof sandsc）夸张Hyperbole多如牛毛的问题a seaof troubles一大笔钱a pileof money勃然大怒a waveof anger开怀大笑gales of laughter无数次heaps oftimes小不点a dotof child一小撮敌人a pinchof enemy滔滔不绝的话语a floodof words 6、英语常用单位词及汉语对应词（Commonly-used unitnouns andtheir Chineseequivalents）piece块；片；段；项；件；篇；首；幅；张a pieceof breadpaperwoodfurniturelandadvicenewsmeatclothmusic.bit一点；一些；一片a bitof waterwoodgrasstrouble.item条；则；项an itemof newsinformationbusinessprogramme.article件；项；条an articleof furnitureclothingluggageexport.grain粒；颗a grainof riewheatsaltsand.drop滴a dropof wateroilrainblooddew.slice薄片a sliceof meatbreadcakeham.cake块a cakeof soapmudice.bar块；条a barof chocolatecandysoap.ear穗an earof cornricewheatmillet.loaf块；条a loafof bread.lump块；团a lumpof claysugarearth.spiral盘a spiralof mosquitoincense.card板a cardof buttonspack副；盒a packof cardscigarettes fistful（s）一把a fistfulof sandrice.handful（s）一把a handfulof soil.armful（s）一抱an armfulof flowers.cupful（s）一杯four cupfulsof jam.mouthful（s）一口a mouthfulof snowwhys.spoonful（s）一汤匙a spoonfulof sugar.spadeful（s）一铲a spadefulof coal.bagful（s）一袋a bagfulof letters.但an eyefulof?的意思是“对?大饱眼福”truckload一货车a truckloadof apples.shipload一船a shiploadof TVsets.lorryload一卡车a lorryloadof iron.fit一阵子a fitof coughingfeverlaughteranger.ray一线a rayof hopeintelligencesunlight?peal一阵a pealof thunderlaughterapplause.flash闪现一下a flashof hopelighteningwit.display炫耀一下a displayof powercourageforcelearningskill.attack一疾病的发作an attackof fevermalaria group组；群；批a groupof students.team队组a teamof expertsfootballersscientists.gang帮；伙；群；队；组agangof fourthievesrobbers.army大群；队an armyof beggarsantsbees.troop群；伙a troopof soldiers.host大群a hostoffriendsheroes.pack群；伙a packof liarsthievesrascalshounds.band帮；伙a bandof music（players）brigands.choir队；组；群a choirof singers.bunch串；束；挂；群；帮；伙a bunchof bananasfoolsflowerskeysthievesbouquet束；把bouquet of flowers string串；挂；节a stringof beadspearlswordsthread sheafp1sheaves捆；束a sheafof wheatarrowspapers crew帮；伙；全体a crewof sailorspilots party组；伙；批a partyof guestschildren.batch批a batchof letterstelegramsvisitors.gaggle群a gaggleof geesegirls.litter一窝a litterof kittenslittle pigletspuppies.herd群a herdof elephantsdeercattle.s swarm群a swarmof antslocustsbeespeoplestars.cluster串；束；群；组a clusterofflowersgrapesbeesislandsstars.a clusterof butterfliesgrapesberriesconsonantshouses brood窝；群；组a broodof chickenspaintingsthieves.school群a schoolof whalesdolphins.shoal群a shoaloffishwhalespeople.flock群a flockofgeesebirdspigeonsducksvisitorscustomers.dozen一打a dozen（of）pencilseggsred roses.gross一罗a grossof nailspencilscan openers.pile一大堆a pileof what-ifs一大堆假定mound一大堆a mound（mouthful）maybes满嘴的可能clump一群a clumpof islandsbuildingsschool流派the schoolof traditionalgrammar train一列a trainof cars一列火车厢pot一锅a potof soupteawater.fleck片a fleckof snow. 7、汉英表量的对应名词（Quantity andamount inboth languages）中英文都有表量的手法，除了常见的平铺直叙的说法，还有一些修辞性说法。 如a seaofpeopleflamesbloodflagsflowershappy faces如海般的如潮一样的人群；火海；血海；旗海；花海；无数幸福的面孔an oceanof troubletimespacecheering无穷的麻烦；无休止的时间；浩瀚的宇宙；欢乐的海洋a sceneof greatrejoicing一片欢腾a chorusof protestpraise一片抗议之声赞扬之声a troveof Chineseporcelain一批中国磁器a groveof coco（a）nutbamboo一片椰林/竹林a blazeof lights一片灯火a mountainof debtsrubbishmoneydirty clothes债台高筑垃圾如山；家财万贯；一大堆脏衣服a massof imagesfactsfiguresdata大量的图像事实数据等a rainstorm of tearsashesarrowsbullets嚎啕大哭；尘土蒙蒙；一阵箭雨，一阵弹雨a stormof applausecriticismcheering一阵暴雨般的掌声；激烈的批评；狂热的欢呼a galeoflaughterexcitement阵阵欢笑；一阵激动a floodoftearswords1ightterror泪如潮涌；滔滔言辞；一片光明；一片恐惧a storeof learningexperience知识渊博；经验丰富a wealthof experiencedatatroublesgoodgoods经验丰富；丰富数据；问题多多；大有好处；商品丰富a surfeitof fooddrug dosage过量的食品；过量的药品a suessionof defeat接二连三的挫败a world of goodsfoodpleasuremeaningto dosb aworldofgoodharm aforestofhillsflagschimneyshands这些表量的手法也可用复数，像lots of，thousands of一样，如seas of，mountains of，stores of，swarms of，thunders of，showers of，in showers，in stores，in numbers。 a（great）number ofbooks许多的书numbers ofpeoples许多的民族a quantity of energy大量的能量quantities ofoxidize大量的氧化酶an amount of material大量的材料small amountof water少量的水The amountof energypossessed bya givenquantityofradiation dependsstrictly onits frequency一定量的辐射所拥有的能量完全基于其频率。 The totalamountofradiation辐射的总量Whats thesize?尺码多少?Whats the linear sizeof 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