英语六级翻译集锦及考试策略.doc

六级翻译集锦及考试策略 (1006) 82._(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.83.Before you take any action, please remember to _ (权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances _ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids _ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has _ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作).(0912 )82. How long does a jacket like this last me? (这要看你多长时间穿一次).83. The theory he advanced has proved (对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84. The manager (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad.85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86. Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time.(09/06)82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk _ (说服他不买车).83. _ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.84. When confronted with the evidence, _ (他不得不坦白自己的罪行).85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think _ (一定有人在说他们坏话).86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds _ (很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).(08/12)82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which_(把美观与功能完美地结合起来)。83 It was very dark, but Mary seemed to _ (本能地知道该走哪条路) 84. I dont think it advisable that parents_ (剥夺孩子们的自由) to spend their spare time as they wish.85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and_（与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低）。86. Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating_（为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选）。(08/06)82. We can say a lot of things about those who have spent their whole lives on poems (毕生致力于诗歌的人): they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.83. Mary couldnt have received my letter, or she should have replied to me last week (否则她上周就该回信了).84. Nancy is supposed to have finished her chemistry experiments (做完化学实验) at least two weeks ago.85. Never once has the old couple quarreled with each other (老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago.86. The prosperity of a nation is largely dependent upon (一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education of its people(07/12)82. But for mobile phones, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).83. In handling an embarrassing situation_(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84. The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, _(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).86. The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎).(07/06)82. The auto manufacturers found themselves _ (正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).83. Only in the small town _ (他才感到安全和放松).84. It is absolutely unfair that these children _ (被剥夺了受教育的权利).85. Our years of hard work are all in vain, _ (更别提我们花费的大量金钱了).86. The problems of blacks and women _ (最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).参考答案 部分答案自己找（ 先自己做一遍，认真思考，举一反三）（09/12）82. It depends on how often you wear it 83. to be a challenge to many traditional concepts 84. could have attended the meeting in person (by himself) 85. balanced diet is essential to health 86. regretful did I feel（09/06）82. over him not to buy a car83. Keeping sense of humor is contributive to84. he had no choice but to confess his guilt85. some one must are speaking ill of them86.it difficult to resist the temptation of ice cream（08/12）82 which combined beauty and function perfectly83 know which way to take by instinct.84 deprive their children of freedom 85 a lower death rate compared with those who dont86 why you are the best candidate for a certain position（08/06）82. We can say a lot of things about those who are devoted to poems in their whole lives (毕生致力于诗歌的人): they are passionate, impulsive and unique.83. Mary couldnt have received my letter, or she should have made a reply last week. (否则她上周就该回信了).84. Nancy is supposed to have finished her chemistry experiment(做完化学实验) at least two weeks ago.85. Never once has the old couple quarreled with each other (老两口相互争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.86. The prosperity of a nation depends largely on (一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education.（07/12）82 our communication would not have been so rapid and convenient83 nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor84 but (he) refused to make further explanation( for doing so)/ to further explain why85 while animal behavior depends mainly upon (on) their instinct(s)86 should he lie to the court（07/06）82. competing with foreign firms for market share83. does he feel secure and relaxed84. are deprived of the rights to receive education85. not to mention / let alone the large amount of money we have spent86. have gained / caused considerable public concern in recent decades1、概述教育部最新六级考试大纲（1999年）对翻译的要求是：能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时250汉字。“英译汉”是从1996年1月起在大学英语四、六级考试中准备采用的新题型之一，至今只在四级考试中出现过。“英译汉”考题安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次考试共5题，分别从阅读理解部分的4篇文章中选择一至两个句子组成一题，每题约20-30个单词。考试时间为15分钟。考试时考生可参阅阅读理解部分的有关文章，以便了解上下文。“英译汉”的评分标准是每题两分，共10分。要求译文全句结构正确、自然、通顺、流畅且符合汉语表达习惯得0.5分，其它1.5分基本分布于句、段的三处难点与要求，每处0.5分，例如词组、被动语态、特殊句型、从句的翻译等。一个句子是否能够正确翻译，取决于对这个句中的一些关键词、词组、句型以及语法结构的正确理解与自然表达。2、如何进行准备首先要弄清六级翻译考试大纲的内容，评分标准；分析标题，从而找出原则及规律。同时了解一下自己在翻译方面的问题：是词汇量小，语法结构知识掌握不牢靠，还是汉语功能太差，总之只有找出问题的症结才能做到有针对性地弥补、不足、提高翻译水平。学习翻译方面的基本常识。如：“英译汉”的基本标准可归于忠实和通顺两个方面，即忠实于原作的内容及风格；译文必须通顺易懂，符合汉语表达习惯。翻译有直译和意译之分，直译要求译文与原文在词语、语法结构及表达方式上保持一致，而意译则要求摆脱原文形式的束缚而传达原文的内容。但实际翻译中，没有绝对的直译和绝对的意译。相反，直译基础上的意译更接近原文而又符合汉语习惯。掌握英汉两种语言在句法结构及表达方式上的不同，利于迅速提高翻译水平。如：英语多后置定语，而汉语多前置定语；英语状语语序为方式状语+地点状语+时间状语，而汉语则是时间状语+地点状语+方式状语；英语多长句、松散句（句子中心在句首），而汉语多短句、圆周句（句子中心在句末）；英语多非人称名词作主语，而汉语多以人称代词作主语；英语多被动结构，汉语多主动结构；英语多倒装句，而汉语多正常语序句；英语中用于修饰名词的几个形容词常由主观性形容词到客观性形容词的顺序排列，而汉语却相反，离名词最近的常是主观性最强的形容词，最远的是客观性最强的形容词。熟悉“英译汉”时常用的翻译技巧，便于提高翻译的速度和准确度。词汇方面的翻译技巧有：正确选择词义，增加原文中无其形而有其义的词汇，如量词、助词、概括词、时态词、语态词及其它解释性文字；省略词汇，如先行词、系动词、代词、连词、冠词及名词复数形式等；转换词类：词性转换往往体现在派生词、介词及副词身上；正反互译：根据汉语习惯调整句意的不同表达方式：正话反说，反话正说等。语句方面的翻译技巧有：顺译法：按原文词序、结构顺序来译；逆译法：打乱原文词句顺序来译；合译法：把原文中两个简单句合译为一句或一个句子成分；分译法：把原文长句化为汉语的几个短句。翻译虽有技巧可言，但实践练习却更为关键。课下一定要试着动笔翻译，不要以为看懂了就行，有时一旦落在纸上，就会发现错误百出。所以在做翻译练习时，不妨先自己先翻译一下，然后与正确答