一般过去时的基本用法.doc

一 般 过 去 式一、定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。二、结构：“主语+动词的过去式”三、用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有： 通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。四、动词的过去式构成： 动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。（一）.规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：want-wanted，play-played, work-worked , callcalled.以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-ed。如：hope-hoped，live-lived。 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，应双写最后这个词尾辅音字母，再加-ed， 如：stopstopped, planplanned, fit-fitted以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：study-studied，worry-worried, try-tried ,copy-copied ,cry-cried, carry-carried。 注意：以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed 如：play -played enjoy -enjoyed stay -stayed另： 动词过去式的读音规则规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读id。 清辅音p k f s等后，ed要读t。如：ask asked /a:skt/, cook cooked /kukt/, pass passed /pa:st/,元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。如： live lived / livd/, listen listened /lisnd/, stay stayed /steid/t或d后，ed读id。 shout shouted / , start started /sta:tid/,want wanted /wantid/, need needed /ni:did/（二）.不规则动词变化（参见课文最后一页）.过去式与动词原形的拼写形式相同：let let, put put, read read,(注意read的过去式读red). i a: begin began, drink drank, give gave, ring rang, sing sang, sit sat,. i o: drive drove, ride rode, write wrote. aw/-ow ew: draw drew, grow grew, know knew, throw threw 含ough或augh的：bring brought, buy bought, catch caught, teach taught d-t: buildbuilt, sendsent, lendlent, spendspent ee- 的变化：feel felt, keep kept,sleep slept am/is -was are -were do-did can-could come-came不规则动词的过去式平时出现要留心,逐个熟记,注意积累。五. 句型转化：1be 动词的过去式的句型如下：(1)否定句：主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not如：He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) -He was not busy yesterday. (否定句)。(2)疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语？如：Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗？另：there be 结构的（a）肯定式、(b)否定式和(c)一般疑问句形式。(a). There were some boys in the room. 房间里有些男孩儿。(b).There werent any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。(c). Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？2行为动词的过去式的句型如下： (1) 肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+、a. She saw some seals in the aquarium yesterday afternoonb. They had a good school trip.（2）否定句：主语+did not/ didnt+动词的原形+、a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. I did not / didnt call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday. I didnt borrow a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.(3)一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词的原形+、+？a. We stayed there for 10 days last month. Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt.b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, she didnt（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词的原形+、+？I went to the movies yesterday evening. What did you do yesterday evening?六、使用一般过去式的几个注意要项： 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once up on a time（过去曾经）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）如：Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。（注意:在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。）2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。如：The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to doI used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）比较I took a walk in the morning .我曾经在早晨散过步。（只是说明过去这一动作）5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）练习：一、写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. stay_ 2. read_ 3. am/is_ 4. do_5. carry_ 6. come_ 7. teach_ 8. live_9. take_ 10. see_ 11. trip_ 12. know_二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。(1) Susan_ (stop) the car on the street yesterday.(2). What _ you _(do) last night?(3). On Saturday morning I _(play) football. (4) May_ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.(5) His father _ (buy) a new computer for him last week.(6) We _ (move) to Shenyang 8 years ago.(7) _ you _ (have) bread for breakfast this morning?(8).Lily _ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _ ( leave ).(9).We _ ( go ) to the cinema last night. The film _ ( be ) very good.(10).What time _ you _ ( get ) to school this morning?三按要求变换下列句型,每空一词。(1) Wei Fang cleaned the classroom an hour ago. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)_ Wei Fang _ the classroom an hour ago?_, she _. _,she _.(2)There was some tea in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ tea in the cup? (3) There were many birds in the yard. (改为否定句)There_many birds in the yard.(4)Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.(5)She stayed there for a month.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?四. 选择( )1.The students in Li Leis class_ on a farm last week. A. work B. works C. worked( )2._ that worker _in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, work( )3.They_ not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are( )4. _you_ to school last Sunday? A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were, come( )5.What _they_ for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have( )6.My friend _his homework fifteen minutes ago