英语四六级各类题备考指导.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除英语四六级各类题备考指导大学英语四级快速阅读技巧15分钟做完，先看小标题（现只看2-3个，多了也记不住），再通过1-7 小题的题干的名词、动词找出原句来做，特别注意：做题顺序，先看文章标题，直到文章主要内容，然后看第一小题，在小题部分的定位词先圈出来，在回原文找。找到第一小题后，再看第二小题。看一个题，作一个；不要把文章看完再做题，或题看完再读文章。特别注意：比较容易定位的词是：A. 不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都说的是它。B. 时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。C. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。D. 定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。一般判断N和NG的标准如下:NO题: (l)信息与原文相反 (2)将原文信息张冠李戴(3)将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为正确的或客观的来表述(4)改变原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等NG题: (l)无中生有 (2)以个别代替整体，即将原文所举例子的特殊现象推广为普遍现象(3)随意比较原文中提到的两个事物 (4)将原文具体化，即题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围 转自：全球学习网(5)原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实陈述Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and AdultsThis goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults in the context of lifelong learning. It calls for fair access to learning programs that are appropriate, and mentions life skills particularly.Why this goal?Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential, their personality and their strengths. This does not merely mean learning new knowledge, but also developing abilities to make the most of life. These are called life skills-including the inner capacities and the practical skills we need.Many of the inner capacities-often known as psycho-social skills-cannot be taught as subjects. They are not the same as academic or technical learning. They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning, and in particular by teachers. These skills have to do with the way we behave-towards other people, towards ourselves, towards the challenges and problems of life. They include skills in communicating, in making decisions and solving problems, in negotiating and expressing ourselves, in thinking critically and understanding our feelings. More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical tasks we face. Some would include vocational skills under the heading of life skills-the ability to lay bricks, sew clothes, catch fish or repair a motorbike. These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people leaving school. In fact, very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn more practical skills. Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills. 转自： We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life, so learning them may he part of early childhood education, of primary and secondary education and of adult learning groups.Its importance in learningLife skills can be put into the categories that the Jacques Delors report suggested; it spoke of four pillars of education, which correspond to certain kinds of life skills: Earning to know: Thinking abilities: such as problem-solving, critical thinking, decision-making, understanding consequences.Learning to be: Personal abilities: such as managing stress and feelings, self-awareness, self-confidence.Learning to live together Social abilities: such as communication, negotiation, teamworkLearning to do: Manual skills: practising know-how required for work and tasksIn todays world all these skills are necessary, in order to face rapid change in society. This means that it is important to know how to go on learning as we require new skills for life and work. In addition, we need to know how to cope with the flood of information and turn it into useful knowledge. We also need to learn how to handle change in society and in our own lives. Its nature Life skills are both concrete and abstract-practical skills can be learned directly, as a subject. For example, a learner can take a course in laying bricks and learn that skill. Other life skills, such as self-confidence, self-esteem, and skills for relating to others or thinking critically cannot be taught in such direct ways. They should be part of any learning process, where teachers or instructors are concerned that learners should not just learn about subjects, but learn how to cope with life and make the most of their potential.So these life skills may be learnt when learning other things. For example:Learning literacy may have a big impact on self-esteem, on critical thinking or on communication skills;Learning practical skills such as driving, healthcare or tailoring may increase self-confidence, teach problem- solving processes or help in understanding consequences.Whether this is true depends on the way of teaching -what kinds of thinking, relationship-building and communication the teacher or facilitator models themselves and promotes among the learners. 转自： Progress towards this goalIt would require measuring the individual and collective progress in making the most of learning and of life, or assessing how far human potential is being realized, or estimating how well people cope with change. It is easier to measure the development of practical skills, for instance by counting the number of students who register for vocabonal skills courses. However, this still may not tell us how effectively these skills are being used.The psycho-social skills cannot easily be measured by tests and scores, but become visible in changed behavior. Progress in this area has often been noted by teachers on reports which they make to the parents of their pupils. The teachers experience of life, of teaching and of what can be expected from education in the broadest sense serve as a standard by which the growth and development of individuals can be assessed to some extent. This kind of assessment is individual and may never appear in international tables and charts. 转自：全球学习网 Current challengesThe current challenges relate to these difficulties:We need to recognize the importance of life skills-both practical and psycho-social-as part of education which leads to the full development of human potential and to the development of society;The links between psycho-social skills and practical skills must be more clearly spelled out, so that educators can promote both together and find effective ways to do this;Since life skills are taught as part of a wide range of subjects, teachers need to have training in how to put them across and how to monitor learners growth in these areas;In designing curricula and syllabuses for academic subjects, there must be a balance between content teaching and attention to the accompanying life skills;A more conscious and deliberate effort to promote life skills will enable learners to become more active citizens in the life of society.Policy options-what governments should do 转自：全球学习网 Recognize and actively advocate for the transformational role of education in realizing human potential and in socio-economic development;Ensure that curricula and syllabuses address life skills and give learners the opportunity to make real-life applications of knowledge, skills and attitudes;Show how life skills of all kinds apply in the world of work, for example, negotiating and communication skills, as well practical skills;Through initial and in-service teacher training, increase the use of active and participatory learning/teaching approaches;Examine and adapt the processes and content of education so that there is a balance between academic input and life skills development; ,Make sure that education inspectors look not only for academic progress through teaching and learning, but also progress in the communication, modeling and application of life skills;Advocate for the links between primary and (early) secondary education because learning life skills needs eight or nine years and recognize that the prospect of effective secondary education is an incentive to children, and their parents, to complete primary education successfully. Policy options-what funding agencies should doSupport research, exchange and debate, nationally and regionally, on ways of strengthening life skills education;Support innovative (创新的) teacher training in order to combine life skills promotion into subjects across the curriculum and as a fundamental part of what school and education are about;Recognize the links between primary and secondary education in ensuring that children develop strong life skills;Support, therefore, the early years of secondary education as part basic education.What UNESCO is doingAs support to governments and in cooperation with other international agencies, UNESCO:Works to define life skills better and clarify what it means to teach and learn them;Assists educational policy makers and teachers to develop and use a life skills approach to education;Advocates for the links between a life skills approach to education and broader society and human development. 转自： 做题顺序，先看文章标题，直到文章主要内容，然后看第一小题，在小题部分的定位词先圈出来，在回原文找。找到第一小题后，再看第二小题。看一个题，作一个；不要把文章看完再做题，或题看完再读文章。1. Many of the inner capacities which cannot be taught as subjects are often known as psycho-social skills.定位词：长单词inner capacities或者psycho-social skills文章第1个小标题why this goal?下第二段首句。答案选Y。2. Vocational skills are more fundamental than psycho-social skills because vocational skills determine peoples livelihood.定位词：Vocational skills或fundamental,定位词每次只需要找2-3个，多了记不住。文章第1个小标题why this goal?下第2段最后2句。原文各个部分都说到，但是原文没作比较，选NG。3. One can tell how effectively a vocational skill is being used by counting how many students register for the course.定位词：effectively，vocational，register并且只能在第2小题后面找。文章第4个小标题progress towards this goal下首段第2句、3句。与原文表达相反，选N。 4. The progress in psycho-social skills can be measured in terms of changed behaviors.定位词：changed behaviors.并且只能在第3小题后面找。文章第4个小标题progress towards this goal下第2段第一句。与原文表达相反，选Y。5. One of the challenges facing the learners is to promote their life skills more consciously and deliberately.定位词：challenges和consciously and deliberately文章第5个小标题current challenges部分最后一段，是原文的同义互换，选Y。6. The government will ensure that all curricula given to the learners will be related to life skills.定位词：curricula，government文章第6个小标题Policy options部分第二段，文章指出政府要确保生活技能，但没提到两者是否有关联。NG7. The function of UNESCO is to lead the governments and other international agencies to promote life skills.定位词：UNESC，有专有名词、大写字母单词为首选定位词。文章最后一个小标题What UNESCO is doing部分的第一段，原文是support作用，不是lead作用，选Y。 第8小题可能在第7小题前，甚至文章前部分，但第9、10小题一定在第8小题后。8. The abilities that we can make the most of life consist of .定位词：abilities，make the most of life文章第1个小标题why this goal?下第1段第2、3句。答案填：the inner capacities, the practical skills we need9. The learning to do skills are also called manual skills, which are to .定位词：learning to do, manual skills第二个小标题Its importance in learning部分倒数第二段。答案：practise know-how required for work and tasks注意原文为practising，答案要改为practise，用动词，就如同2006年12月四级真题原句是look back,答案要是looking back.10. The government must examine and adapt the processes and content of education in order to gain a balance between .定位在第6个小标题policy options 下的第5段，答案： academic input and life skills development英语四级高频词汇表1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27.mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行49.network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，pl.废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费；经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的114. personnel n. 总称人员，员工；人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭 121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口（物） v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把.加强(on)；采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把.录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射144. radical a.根本的；激进的145. range n. 幅度，范围 v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对.感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地；足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增161. exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！ 1. render sth(for sth) ；rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换；回报；归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝2. present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出（帐单）：account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单3. cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人某事物）处于某种状况：rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。4. esp passive 尤用于被动语态 give a performance of (music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏（音乐）；演出（戏剧）；扮演（角色）；以绘画等表现（某人某物）：The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。Othello was rendered rather poorly. 奥赛罗这出戏演得不好。The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。5. render sth (into sth) express sth in another language;translate sth. 翻译某事物：How would you render bon voyage (into English)? bon voyage怎么翻译（成英语）？Rendering poetry into other language is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的。6. cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底：render walls 在墙上抹底灰7. （习语）render an zccount of oneself,ones behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc. 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.8. render sth down： make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、猪油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth. 移交或交出某物；放弃某事物：render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领(fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God,ie died. 他魂归天国了168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定171. identify n. 身份；个性，特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的，抗.的，耐.的174. resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则，法规，密码180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷，盘绕 181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为.做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商，经销商185. focus v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许，禁止187. debate n./v. 辩论，争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住；把.装入信封191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪193. global a. 全球的；总的194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览195. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance n. 意义；重要性197. subseque