非谓语动词的考点方春俞.doc

一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完高考资源网成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。如：1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed分析：答案选_。动词不定式表示_的动作。2. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated分析：答案选_。因为Australia与separate是_关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之_，所以用现在分词的_作原因状语。二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：1. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well_.A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending分析：答案选_。因money与spend是_关系，所以用_分词。2. The prize of the game show is$30000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid分析：答案选_。因all expenses与pay是_关系，故用_分词。注意句中的an 不是修饰 expenses，而是修饰vacation。3. When _help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “Its kind of you.”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered分析：答案选_。因一个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用_分词，When offered help =When he is offered help三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：1. The storm left, _a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused分析：答案选_。因The storm与cause是_关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除_和_;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之_，所以用_。2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken分析：答案选_。因people与take advantage of是_关系，排除选项_和_;take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用_，排除_。四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：1. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran分析：答案选_。_分词作伴随状语。2. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted分析：答案选_。因为he与note是_关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作_发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作_。3. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun.A. had B. have C. to have D. having分析：答案选_。用_表伴随情况。说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。五、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.”A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get分析：答案选_。作目的状语只能用动词_。2. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out分析：答案选_。3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)A. had B. having C. to have D. have分析：答案选_。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的_。六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语1. 用现在分词表结果。如：He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching分析：答案选_。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用_作结果状语。2. 用不定式表结果。如：He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found分析：答案选_。因为only to do是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on分析：答案选_。作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词，排除选项_和_;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项_。2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _often enoughA. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained分析：答案选_。宾语it与explain是_关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth done意为“请人做某事”。八、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：While watching television, _.A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings分析：答案选_。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是_，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。九、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having分析：答案选_。动名词短语用作_。十、考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命题的热点。如：1. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing分析：答案选_。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in，题中没有oneself, 所以the two students与lose是_关系，应该用_分词作状语。2. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed分析：答案选_。由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是_关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressed in =As he is dressed in 十一、非谓语动词的综合考查有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：1. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded分析：答案选_。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除选项_;sound like中sound是系动词， 属不