高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之状语从句用法.doc

高考14种从句用法总复习之状语从句用法状语从句用法状语从句是在复合句中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。状语从句共分九种：1.时间状语从句，2.地点状语从句, 3.原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句，5.结果状语从句，6.条件状语从句，7.方式状语从句，8.比较状语从句，9.让步状语从句。状语从句和其它从句一样都是陈述句语序。状语从句是历年高考的重点，掌握状语从句的用法对于参加2013年高考的考生至关重要。第一部分 状语从句简明登记表序号 名称连接词备 注1时间when, while, as, as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, immediately/directly/instantly, before ,after, till, until, 通常主句谓语是将来时、祈使句或有情态动词，状语从句谓语用现在时。the first/second/last time, since，every/each timesince从句常与完成时连用。hardlywhen, no soonerthan 主句谓语用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。2条件if, unless, now that, as long as, suppose/supposing, provided/providing, in case, on condition that 主句谓语是将来时、祈使句和有情态动词，从句用现在时。3原因because, as, since, now that通常不能与so 连用。4地点where, wherever5让步although, though, even though/if, as, while, whetheror, whichever, whatever, however, no matter which/what/when/where/ 通常不能与but连用；as引导让步状语从句时，从句一般要用倒装语序。6结果so that, so that, suchthat从句中一般不用情态动词7目的so that, in case ,for fear that 从句中通常用情态动词8方式how, as, as if/though9比较than, asas, not soas, the + 比较级soas 不用于肯定句。第二部分 状语从句的用法一、 时间状语从句时间状语从句就是在复合句中，作时间状语的从句。every time i fell ill, mother took me to see the doctor. 以前每当我生病的时候，妈妈就带我去看医生。each time i go to see tom, he is always studying at desk. 每当我去看汤姆的时候，他总是伏案学习。 the first time he took part in the competition, he won a second prize. 他第一次参加比赛得了一个二等奖。【高考连接】【2012全国卷ii】 i had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once. a. when b. than c. until d. after 【答案】a 【2012安徽】30. when _ for his views about his teaching job, philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. a. asking b. asked c. having asked d. to be asked 【答案】b 【2012山东】27. he smiled politely _ mary apologized for her drunken friends. a. as b. if c. unless d. though 【答案】a 【易错提醒】1、主句的谓语动词是将来时、有情态动词或祈使句，以when, before, after, till, until, as soon as, the moment/minute/second, immediately, instantly, directly等引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时；如果要表达从句的动作已经完成，主句的动作才发生，从句中用现在完成时。when he comes back, i will give the book to him.他回来的时候,我把书交给他。as soon as he gets to school, he begins to study.他一到学校就学习。dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停了才下车。when you have learned english, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.当你学会了英语,你就会发现它是通向很多知识的桥梁。i wont believe you until i have seen you in the jar with my own eyes.直到我亲眼看见你在坛子里面，我才会相信你说的话。2、until/till与肯定句连用时主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到从句的动作结束；与否定句连用时主句的谓语动词是延续或终止性动词，表示主句的动作直到从句的动作结束才开始。he studied until i came at 11:00 last night.昨晚他一直学到11点钟我来为止。he didnt study until his mother came back.他直到他母亲回来才开始学习。3、hardlywhen, no soonerthan，主句的谓语动词是过去完成时，从句是一般过去时。we had hardly started out when it began to rain. 我们一出发，天就下雨了。we had no sooner started out than it began to rain. 我们一出发，天就下雨了。注意：hardly, no sooner 放在句首时，主句应用倒装语序。 hardly had we started out when it began to rain. 我们一出发，天就下雨了。no sooner had we started out than it began to rain. 我们一出发，天就下雨了。4、when, as, while引导时间状语从句的区别when可以与点动词和持续性动词连用；as强调两个动作同时发生，此外还有随着的意思；while只能与持续性动作连用，有“趁”的意思。对比：when he came in, i was cooking in the kitchen. 他进来的时候，我在厨房里做饭。(when不能换成while)while he was working in the garden, he broke his cup. 他在院子里干活的时候，大破了杯子。(while可改成when)i watched her as she combed her hair.她梳头的时候我一直看着她。as he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.他年纪越来越大，除了喜欢园艺以外，对一切都失去了兴趣。as the years went on, we became cleverer.随着岁月的流逝，我们变得更加聪明了。as spring comes, all flowers begin to come out. 随着春天的到来万花儿开放。(as 表示“随着”) （1）while的意思是“当的时候”；“在(某一段)时间里”，常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。由while引导的从句中用延续性动词。例如：while i was in yangpu，i saw him twice.我在洋浦的时候见过他两次。please keep quiet while others are studying.别人在学习的时候请保持安静。 （2）when的意思是“当（在）的时候”，既可指较短的时间（即某一点时间），也可指一段时间。例如：when i went into the lab，he was doing an experiment.当我走进实验室时，他正在做实验。由此可见当从句表示的是某一点时间时，不能用while引导状语从句；当when引导的从句表示的是一段时间时，when和while通用。例如：when/while i was at anhui teachers university，i went to the reading-room every day.我上安徽师范大学的时候，每天都到阅览室去。随便说一下，as的意思也是“当的时候”，常可与when或while通用，但它强调主句和从句中的动作或事情同时发生。例如：as/when/while i was walking down the street，i noticed a police car in front of number 88.我沿着大街往前走的时候，注意到88号门前停着一辆警车。注意：while和when都可用作并列连词。while和when用作并列连词时，两者不可互换。试比较：he is tall while his brother is short.他很高，然而他弟弟很矮。he was to read when the light went out.他正要读书，这时灯突然熄灭了。mary was walking on her home when two big boys stopped her. 玛丽在回家的路上走，这时两个大个子男孩拦住他。the teacher was to explain the problem when the bell rang. 老师正要解释那个题目这时下课铃响了。5、it + be + 时间段 + before 过一段时间就it will be three days before we say goodbye.再过三天我们就说再见了。it was so long before he came back that the whole family were anxious to wait for him. 过了很久他才回家。全家人都在焦急地等待着他。it was not long before the war broke out so that he had to go back his hometown with his wife and children. 没过多久战争就爆发了。他只得带着妻儿回到了故乡。6、it is/has been + 时间段 +since 自从到现在是一段时间了。如果从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示从该动作开始到现在；如果从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，表示从该动作结束到现在。it has been/is ten days since he came here.他来这里已经十天了。it has been/is ten days since he was here.他离开这里已经十天了。7、since 引导的时间状语从句与肯定句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续动词，表示主句动作一直延续到现在；如果主句的谓语动词是终止性动词，只能是否定句。he has taught english since he finished college. 他只从大学毕业就教英语。i havent seen him since he left home. 自从他离家出走我就没见过他。二、 地点状语从句 地点状语从句就是在复合句中，作地点状语的从句。地点状语从句由where, wherever引导。where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。they went on with the story where they had left it before the holiday.他们继续讲放假前没有讲完的故事。i lost my pen where i wrote my composition.我把钢笔丢在我写作文的地方了。 wherever we are sent to work, we should work hard. 无论派我们去那里工作，我们都应该努力工作。you can go wherever you like to.你可以去你喜欢去的任何地方。wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.无火不生烟（无风不起浪）。【高考连接】【2012山东】32. a number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. a. when b. where c. before d. until 【答案】b 【2012天津】14. everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. a. while b. when c. where d. though 【答案】c【2012四川】10. if you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help. a. why b. where c. who d. what 【答案】b 三、 原因状语从句原因状语从句就是在复合句中，作原因状语的从句。原因状语从句由because, since, as, now that（既然）等引导。he didnt come yesterday because his mother was ill and he had to look after her at home. 他昨天没有来因为他母亲病了，他得呆在家里照顾她。since everyone is here, lets have a meeting. 既然大家都到齐了，咱们开会吧。as he didnt know much english, he had to consult a dictionary.由于他懂得英语不多，他得查辞典。now that you have to go home, you must go home.既然你非要回家不可，就回家吧。【高考连接】【2012重庆】30.coach, can i continue with the training? sorry, you cant _you havent recovered from the knee injury. a. until b. before c. as d. unless 【答案】c 【易错提醒】1、because, since, as, now that 不能与so 连用。是比较：昨天由于她病了，因而没有来上学。误：because she was ill yesterday，so she didnt come to school.正：because she was ill yesterday，she didnt come to school.正：she was ill yesterday，so she didnt come to school.析：because是从属连词，so是并列连词，不能出现在同一个句子里。 2、because, since, as, now that，for的区别because表示能导致主句结果的原因，语气最强，用于强调句型和回答 why开头的特殊疑问句，要用because；as表示比 because语气弱的原因，多用于句首；since表示双方都知道的事实，或稍加推断便可知道的原因，多用于句首；for引导的是并列句，表示附加或推理的理由；now that用法同 since。试对比：she was late because she missed the first bus. 他迟到了因为没赶上早班车。as it rained, i stayed at home all day long. 因为下雨了我整天呆在家里。since he is here, lets ask him for his advice. 既然他在这儿，就征求一下他的意见。 he must be ill today, for he was not present todays meeting. 他一定是病了，因为它没有参加今天的会议。now that you have known it, i neednt tell you. 既然你已经知道了，我就不必告诉你了。四、 目的状语从句 目的状语从句就是在复合句中，作目的状语的从句。目的状语从句由sothat, so that, in order that引导。he got up so early that he could catch the train.为了赶上火车他很早就起床了。write down my telephone number so that you need my help.记下我电话号码，以便我帮你。he studies very hard in order that he can go to key university.他学习很用功为了能上重点大学。五、 结果状语从句 结果状语从句就是在复合句中，作结果状语的从句。结果状语从句由so, so that, so/suchthat引导。she was so generous that she didnt share the money with her brothers. 她很慷慨大方结果并没有与哥哥们分那笔钱。mr. cheng was so busy indeed that he seldom went home to see his family. 程老师确实太忙了结果很少回家看家人。 六、 条件状语从句 条件状语从句就是在复合句中，作条件状语的从句。条件状语从句由if, unless（如果不）, in case（万一，如果）, so/as long as（只要就）, on condition that（条件是）等引导。as long as i live, i will serve the people heart and soul.只要活着，我就要全心全意地为人民服务。if you have finished your work, you can go back home.如果你完成作业了，你可以回家。i will lend my bike to you on condition that you return it by 12:00.我可以把自行车借给你条件是在12点以前归还。【易错提醒】1、主句谓语动词是将来时，以 if, unless, so/as long as引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时；如果要表达从句的动作已经完成，主句的动作才发生，从句中用现在完成时。例如：as long as i live, i will serve the people heart and soul.只要活着，我就要全心全意地为人民服务。if you have finished your work, you can go back home.如果你完成作业了，你可以回家。i will lend my bike to you on condition that you return it by 12:00.我可以把自行车借给你条件是在12点以前归还。we shall go to the great wall tomorrow if it is fine. 如果明天是晴天，我们就去长城。unless he works hard, he cant pass the college exam.如果他不用功，他不可能考上大学。【高考连接】【2012福建】30. it is hard for greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the european union. a. if b. unless c. because d. since 【答案】b 【2012江西】31. you can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. a. unless b. if c. in case d. as long as 【答案】d 【2012辽宁】30. leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. a. as long as b. even though c. in case d. as if 【答案】c 【2012江苏】30. ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. a. so that b. no matter how c. as long as d. except that 【答案】c2、 if引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句虚拟条件句谓语动词构成形式：条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反if +主语+动词过去式(be动词一律用were）主语 + would/should + 动词原形与过去事实相反if+主语+动词过去完成式主语 + would/should + have +过去分词与将来事实相反a 谓语动词用过去式b 谓语用were to + 动词原形c 动词用should + 动词原形主语+would/should+动词原形主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might等代替should, would。 （1）表示与现在事实相反： lf l were you，l should study english if he had time，he would attend the meeting （2）表示与过去事实相反：if you had come yesterday, you would have met him.if he had arrived five minutes ago, he could have caught the train. （3）表示与将来事实相反： if you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. if it were toshould rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off （4）当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时问不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：if you had followed the doctors advice，you would be quite all right now.if i had saw tom this morning, i would go to his house this afternoon.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) （5）上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1)从句省略if用倒装句式“werehadshould主语”。 were i in school again1 would work harder. had you been here earlier，you would have seen him. should there be a meeting tomorrow,1 would come （6）注意几个特殊连词引导条件状语从句：say（比如说），imagine（设想），suppose（假设），considering（考虑到），providing（假如）， given（考虑到）， provided （假若），granted（假定）等。say you lose your job, what will you do then? 假如你失业了，你下一步怎么办？imagine you had a million pounds, how would you spend it? 假如你有一百万英镑巨款，你该怎么花呢？suppose/supposing it rains, what shall we do? 如果下雨的话，我们怎么办？considering/given he has only been learning english for a year, he speaks very well. 考虑到他只学一年的英语，他已经说得够好的了。provided/providing that we get good weather, it will be a pleasant holiday. 倘若天气好的话，我们的假期将会过得很愉快。七、 方式状语从句方式状语从句就是在复合句中，作方式状语的从句。方式状语从句由as if/though（好像）, as（像；按照）引导。he talked about america as if he had been there several times.他谈论美国好像他去过几次一样。 you must do everything as the teacher told you to. 你做什么都必须按照老师所说的去做。【高考连接】【2012北京】21. look at those clouds! dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time. a. even if b. as though c. in case d. if only 【答案】a 【2012北京】35. dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. a. is b. were c. has been d. had been 【答案】b 八、 比较状语从句比较状语从句就是在复合句中，作比较状语的从句。比较状语从句由asas, soas, than和the morethe more引导。tom plays basketball as well as his brother.汤姆篮球打得和他哥哥一样好。she did not run so fast as me.他没有我跑得快。a horse is taller than a sheep. 马比羊的个子高。【易错提醒】soas只用于否定句中。the harder you work， the better you will get at english. 你学习越努力，你英语就越好。the more carefully you listen to the teacher, the more you will get from him.你越是注意听老师讲解，你就从老师那里得到的越多。九、 让步状语从句让步状语从句就是在复合句中，作让步状语的从句。让步状语从句由though, although, while（尽管），as（尽管）, even if/though（即使）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, no matter how（无论怎样）, no matter who（无论谁）等引导。while i admit that the problems are difficult, i dont agree that they cant be solved. 尽管我承认这些问题很难，但我认为是能解决的。though mr. cheng is very old, he works hard for the people.程老师年龄虽然大了，可他为人民工作还很努力。no matter if we go there, we can have a good time.无论我们是否去哪儿，我们都能玩得愉快。【高考连接】【2012湖南】28. _ i always felt i would pass the exam, i never thought i would get an a. a. while b. once c. if d. until 【答案】a 【2012湖南】32. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 【答案】a 【易错提醒】1、though, although 不能与but 连用，但可以与still 和yet连用，这时still, yet是副词。程老师虽然上年纪了，但是工作很努力。误：though mr. cheng is old, but he works very hard.正：though mr. cheng is old, he works very hard.正：mr. cheng is old, but he works very hard.though the pencil-box is old, yet it looks beautiful.这文具盒虽然很旧了，但看起来很漂亮。2、由as（尽管，虽然）引导的让步状语从句其特点：把从句里的表语、状语或原形动词提到句首，然后是as，最后接主语或其他成分。例如：busy as he is, he studies english hard.尽管他很忙，还是努力学习英语。（表语as+主语）【指点迷津】如果表语是名词时，名词前通常不用冠词。例如：young man as he is, he has some experience in the way.尽管他是青年人，在这方面有些经验。child as he is, he can speak three languages.他虽然是个孩子，他会说三种语言。much as i should like to see you, i am afraid you could not come. 虽然我很想见你，我恐怕你不能来。（状语as主语）hard as he worked, he failed.他虽然努力，可还是失败了。（状语as主语）try as you may, you will not succeed.虽然你可以试。但不会成功。（实义动词as主语）however hard english may be, we will learn it well. 无论英语有多难学，我们都要把他学习好。 wherever you go, i will stay with you.无论你到哪里，我都和你在一起。【高考连接】【2012陕西】18. hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. a. although b. as c. while d. however 【答案】b 【2012全国】25. i dont believe weve met before, _ i must say you do look familiar. a. therefore b. although c. since d. unless 【答案】b 3、“no matter + 疑问词”和“疑问词 + ever”引导从句的区别“no matter + 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词 + ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如： no matter what happened, he could never give up his plan. 无论发生什么事情他都不可能放弃计划。(让步状语，可用whatever替换)whoever comes late should be punished. 无论谁迟到都应该受到惩罚。(主语从句，不能用no matter who替换)you may take whichever you like.你喜欢哪一个就拿哪一个。(宾语从句，不能用no matter which替换)whoever you are, you must keep the law. 无论你是谁都必须遵守法律。(让步状语，可用no matter who替换)第三部分 状语从句的省略一、如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词有be，这时状语从句的主语和be可以省略。dont speak until（you are）spoken to. 直到别人跟你说话的时候，你才说话。while (i was)in beijing, i paid a visit to the summer palace. 我在北京的时候，参观了颐和园。as (he was) a young man, lincoln was a storekeeper.林肯年轻的时候是个店主。the girl never gave in, unless (she is) wrong 这姑娘从不让步，除非她错了。he stood at the gate as if (he was ) waiting for someone. 他站在门口好像在等人。he always sings when doing his homework.他做作业的时候，总是唱歌。he often makes mistakes while speaking english. 他说英语的时候经常出错。二、如果从句的主语是it，谓语动词是is/was,这时it is/was可以省略。you must get there as soon as (it is ) possible. 你不需尽快地到哪里。i will buy a tv set if(it is) necessary. 如果必要的话，我就买台电视机。though (it was )cold, he still wore a shirt. 虽然很冷，他还穿一件衬衫。状语从句专项训练i.单项填空 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.(2013北京)30. i took my driving license with me on holiday, i wanted to hire a car.a. in case b. even if c. ever sinced. if only2.(2013安徽)23.its much easier to make friends you have similar interests.a. unless b. when c. even though d. so that3.(2013湖南)23. you must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. a. althoughb. beforec. becaused. unless4.(2013湖南)28. do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. a. howb. thatc. whichd. where5.(2013江苏)28. in the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.a. whatever b. whoever c. wherever d. whichever6.(2013江西)28.she says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.a. ifb. unless c. afterd. when7.(2013辽宁)24. one can always manage to do more things, no matter _full ones schedule is in life. a. howb. what c. whend. where8.(2013山东)26. mark needs to learn chinese _ his company is opening a branch in beijing. a. unlessb. until c. althoughd. since 9.(2013山东)28. _i have to give a speech, i get extremely nervous before i start. a. whateverb. wheneverc. whoever d. however 10.(2013陕西)18. i have heard a lot of good things about you i came back from abroad.a. since b. until c. before d. when11.(2013四川)7. he is so busy. he cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. a. even if b. as if c. because d. before12.(2013天津)5. small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.a. as