英语四级写作技巧分析.ppt

写作技巧分析 2009 08 28 评判作文 总分106 5 42分最低限 只要结构不出错 得分应该为63分 四级考试作文主要看内容 结构 语言三个方面 内容不跑题即可 注意 1 不要妄图以情动人 2 不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜 结构上牢记总分总 先写主题句 TopicSentence 再写分论点 最后写总结句 Conclusion 语言最重要 往往使评分产生重大差异 语言要模仿和包装 百分制与710分制换算标准 字数不足扣分标准 备注 只写一段者 0 4分 只写两段者 0 9分 Writing BookTwo 4 Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicSocialPractice Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese 1 大学生越来越重视参与社会实践2 社会实践对大学生学习和生活的影响3 如何正确看待社会实践 范文 SocialPracticeSocialpracticeisabridgebetweentheirtheoryandreality So inrecentyears moreandmorecollegestudentschoosetotakepart timejobsinoroutsideschool 范文 Inthesocialpractice studentsaresuretolearnmorethantheirtextbooks Theirparticipationinsocialpracticemightstrengthentheirsenseofsocialresponsibility Theirclosecontactwiththeworkingpeoplemighthelpthemtoapplytheirknowledgetothesolutiontothepracticalproblem Butmanyteacherscomplainthattherearefewerandfewerstudentswhopayattentiontotheirstudy 范文 Inmyview it sanundeniedfactthatstudentsbreakthebalancebetweentheirjobsandstudies especiallywhentheyfallintoconflict ButIthinkstudentsshouldspendtheirsparetimetakingpart timejobs Timelyparticipationinsocialpracticewillbenefitthemallthroughtheirlife Writing BookTwo 5 Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoKeepPsychologicallyHealthy Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese 1 心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因2 分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因 可从失业 压力过重 缺少支持 缺乏人际交往能力等方面加以分析 3 你认为人们应如何保持心理健康 范文 HowtoKeepPsychologicallyHealthy Oneinfourpeoplewillexperiencesomekindofmentalhealthprobleminthecourseofayear Whenyoufailtomanagetheseproblems theyarelikelytocausevariousmentalillnesses 范文 Thecausesofmentalhealthproblemsoftenvaryalotfromonecasetoanother Intoday ssociety agoodnumberofpeoplearesufferingfromheavypressure Otherslackcommunicationskills Inaddition alotofpeopleareignorantofpsychologicalknowledgeabouthowtokeepmentallyfit 范文 Therearealotofwaystocurbmentalhealthproblemsandkeeppsychologicallyhealthy Firstly findtherealcauseofyourmentalhealthproblemandseewhetheryoucandosomethingtomakeachange Secondly learntorelaxyourselfandtakeexercisetoreleasethepressure Lastly youmayfindithelpfultotalktoyourpartnerorfriendaboutyourproblem orseeksupportandadvicefromapsychologicalconsultant 基本表达 人们认为 Itisgenerally widelybelieved held agreedthat越来越 beincreasingly adj beontherise thegrowingnumberof 万能理由 Omnipotence 1 方便 convenient convenience2 效率 efficient efficiently efficiency3 节省和浪费 savetime money space economical thriftwastetime money space costly lavish 4 人的心理健康 independent cooperative competitive considerate confident creative sociable perseverance selfish isolated conserative5 人的身体健康 health disease strong strength energetic 6 娱乐 colorful pleasure joy recreation entertainmentm relax tired boring lonely7 环境 environment pollute poisonous dirty8 安全和危险 safe danger risk9 经验 experience socialexperience enterthesociety10 人际 humane fair unfair help assist freedom freely 修改 注意 内容方面尽量不要修改 1 字母大小写2 怪符号3 单词拼写4 主谓一致5 动词时态6 名词单复数 提纲式作文写作模板 1 对立观点式A 有人认为X是好事 赞成X 为什么 B 有人认为X是坏事 反对X 为什么 C 我的看法 1 SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一个原因 Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一个原因 However otherpeoplestandonadifferentground TheyconsideritharmfultodoX Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对X的第一个理由 Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument 一个例子 3 Thereissometruthinbotharguments ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages Inadditiontotheabove mentionedneativeeffectsitmightbringabout XalsomayX的有一个坏处 论挫折IsFrustrationaBadThing 1有些人认为挫折是坏事2有些人并不认为挫折是坏事3我的看法 Sample1 1 Sincefrustrationseemstobenegativefeeling somepeoplemaybetemptedtothinkthatfrustrationisbadforpeople 2 Theybelievethatconstantfrustrationmaycuaseseriousmentalillness Peoplesufferingformthesepsychologicalproblemsoften 3 resorttoviolenceorcommitsuicide 4 Others however holdadifferentview 5 Theymaintainthatfrustrationisbeneficialtopeople Itinspirespeopletoovercomeharshipsanddifficultiesandachievethefinalsuccess Peoplewiththisviewgosofarastosaythat 6 nofrustration nosuccess Sample2IsFrustrationaBadThing 1 Somepeopleholdthatfrustrationisabadthing 2 Itisreallyasenseoffeelingstuck you veworkedhardatagoalanditisnotworkingout youfeellike 3 awheelspinningaround 白费劲 goingnowhere 4 Asanegativeemotion theysay frustrationdoesnothingbutcausestress makingithardertofocusandhardertocompletetasks 5 Others however thinkadifferentway 6 Accordingtothem 7 frustrationisthecompostfromwhichthemushroomsofcreativitygrow 挫折能激发人的创造力 anduptoacetainpoint increasinglevelsofstresscausedbyfrustrationmayresultinincreasedperformance 8 Frommypointofview frustrationispartofourlifeexperience 9 JustasSidSmithsaid youcansufferfromalifeexperience oryoucanlearnfromitandthreive Thechoiceofhowyoureacttoanexperienceisyours 2 批驳观点式A 一个错误观点 B 我不同意 1 Manypeoplearguethat错误观点 Bysayingthat theymean对这个观点的进一步解释 Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat一个例子 2 AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY almost80 ofthem赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响 3 Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople sbelief Butifweconsideritindepth wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat与错误观点相反的观点 Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief 以下参照辩论文的议论文写法 3 社会问题 现象 式 A 一个社会问题或者现象 B 产生的原因C 对社会和我们生活的影响D 如何杜绝 如果是问题的话 E 前景的预测 1 Nowadays thereexistsanincreasinglyserioussocial economic environmentalproblem Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic Accordingtoasurvey 调查内容说明这种现象的情况 或者是一个例子 2 Thereareacoupleofreasonsboomingthisproblem phenomenon 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法 3 Xhascausedsubstantialimpactonthesocietyandourdailylife whichhasbeenarticulatedinthefollowingaspects 参照辩论式议论文的写法 4 AdozenofmeasuresaresupposedtotaketopreventXfrombringingusmoreharm 参照辩论式议论文的写法 5 Basedontheabovediscussions Icaneasilyforecastthatmoreandmorepeoplewill 写作模板 辩论式议论文模版1 Somepeoplebelieve argue recognize think that观点1 Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2 Asforme Iagreetotheformer latteridea Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief Firstofall 论据1 Moreimportantly 论据2 Mostimportantofall 论据3 Insummary 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 模版2 PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat观点1 whileotherspointoutthat观点2 AsfarasIamconcerned theformer latteropinionholdsmoreweight Foronething 论据1 Foranother 论据2 Lastbutnottheleast 论据3 Toconclude 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 模版3 写作模板 图表式作文Itisobviousinthegraphic tablethattherate number amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges Ithasgoneup grown fallen droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears asXvaries AtthepointofX1 Yreachesitspeakvalueof 多少 Whatisthereasonforthischange Mainlythereare 多少 reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic table Firstofall 第一个原因 Moreimportantly 第二个原因 Mostimportantofall 第三个原因 Fromtheabovediscussions wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture Thetrenddescribedinthegraphic tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势 ManandEnvironment 1 人类与环境关系密切 2 环境破坏很严重 3 应采取措施保护环境 文章框架结构1 人类依赖大自然TS Itisself evident anddevelopment 人类依赖大自然 DS 1 Almosteverything fromnature 事实依据 2 Itisnature hiscivilizations 段落收尾句 2 人类对大自然的破坏TS Ironically thehistory ofnature 人类对大自然的破坏 DS 1 Inprimitive naturalenvironment 2 Intheagricultural deforestation 3 Thredamage IndustrialRevolution 4 Ourland fromfactories 具体阐述 3 人类应该与自然界和平共处DS 1 Manhas livingspace 承上启下 2 Thishasbees theatmosphere 破坏自然界产生的恶果 TS Ifwewant tous 作者的观点 维持一个人与自然和平共处的社会 实例一 题目 Bicycles AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina提纲 1 为什么自行车在中国这样普及 2 和汽车的比较 3 自行车在中国的前途 这篇作文几分 BicycleisanimportantmeansoftransportinChina TheimportantreasonofitistheeconomyofChinese TheuseofbicycleinChinaiswidelybecausepeopleinChinahavenothighwage Theycanonlyaffordabicycle andtheyhavenomoneytobuyacarwhichistooexpensive SoChineseusuallybuyabicycle anduseittogotowork orgototravelandsoon TheotherreasonisthelargepopulationofChina Allthesemadethebicyclebecometheimportantmeansoftransport Thebicycle comparedtothecar isnottooexpensiveanditiseasytolearnandtouseanditcansavethesurfaceofputtingit Itdoesn tasktobuildthegaragelikecar ThispointisveryimportanttoChina becauseofthelackofland Itisn ttooexpensive soChinesecanaffordit Itdoesn tneedanyoil anditcan tcausethepolusion Allofthesearethegoodneedscomparedtothecar Inthefuture bicyclewillbewidelyused Anditwillbeingooddemand Peoplewillproducemuchmoremodernbicycles 这一篇呢 几分 BicyclesareverypopularinChina Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles Duringtherushhour youcanseethatthousandsofpeople manandwoman oldandyoung ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy ThatiswhyChinaiscalled thekingdomofbicycles Comparedwithcars bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways First theyarecheap convenientandeasytoride Second ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth Third theybringnonoisenorairpollution Thoughcarsarefasterandmorecomfortable theyaretooexpensive Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair Sometimes itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents Inmyopinion thefutureofbicycleisverypromising SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation Ithink ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime 这篇怎样 Theremillionsofbicyclesintoday sChina Bicyclesareveryimportantmeansoftransportinpeople sdailylives Becausetorideabicycleisverysimple tobuyabicyclewillnotcostsomuchmoney toparkabicycleneedsjustasmallroomandtorideabicycledoesnotneedoilbuttherider sstrength bicyclesarepopularallovertheworld especiallyinChina Comparedwithacar abicycleismuchcheaper ItismoresuitableforChinaasadevelopingcountry Andabicyclehasalmostcausednopollutionbutacarhas Onthecontrary abicycleistooslow itcostsmoretimesthanacar IthinkthepopulationofChina sbicyclewillbekeptforthelongrun Becauseitwillbereplacedbyacar abusandsooninsomedevelopedareasinChina anditwillbemadeawideuseinthedevelopingareasinChina thenumberofbicyclesinChinawillbethesameastodaybutIbelievethatit squalitywillbeimproved ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively Outline 1 有人认为读书要有选择2 有人认为应当博览群书3 我的想法 Howshouldweread Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively Everyonehashisownview Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology moreandmorebooksarepublished Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks What smore therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind andweshouldn treadthem Sincewecan treadallthebooksandweshouldn treadbadbooks wemustreadselectively Butothersmaynotagree theyemphasizethattoday ssocietyisnotwhatitwas Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge hewillhavemorechancestosucceed Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields hemaybeuseless Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge wemustreadextensively Who sright Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields andreadselectivelyinonefield PrivateCars写成4段的首段写法 Inrecentyears withfasteconomicgrowth privatecarshaveappearedinmanyfamiliesinChina People sattitudetowardprivatecarsvarieswidely Withtheincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving someordinaryChinesefamiliesbegintoaffordaprivatecar Yet people sopinionsofprivatecarsvaryfrompersontoperson publicattitudetowarditvariesgreatly widely isquiteofthecontrary differssharply Inrecentfewyears thephenomenon issue problemofowningaprivatecarhasbeenbroughttopublicattention inthelimelight People sviewson opinionsofowingaprivatecarvarywidely 写成3段的首段写法 Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety scienceandtechnology Withtheimprovementofpeople slivingstandard moreandmorepeoplecanownprivatecars carsareenteringordinaryfamilies thegrowingnumberofpeople peopleineverincreasingnumberscanhaveaccesstoprivatecars 此句是引言 支持段的主题句 SomepeopleclaimthatAsispointedoutthatItisgenerallybelievedthatItiswidelyacceptedthatThereisnodoubtthattherearesomeadvantagesofowningaprivatecar privatecarsbenefitpeoplehugely 支持段的分论点 方便First privatecarsprovidepeoplewiththemostconvenientformoftransportation 舒适Second itiscomfortableforpeopletotravelin especiallyinchangeableweather rainingdays sandstorm 炫耀Third onlyaprivatecarcanshowaperson ssocialstatus achievement success prosperityinhisorhercareer 否定段的主题句1 However Nonetheless Nevertheless But therearesomedisadvantagesofowingaprivatecar Everycoinhastwosides Whileenjoyingtheconveniencethatprivatecarsbringus weshouldnotignoretheproblemtheycreate produce introduce make Despite Inspiteof Foralltheadvantages theybringstheirowndisadvantages problems negativeeffects Likeanythingelse privatecarsalsohavetheirownweakness limits 否定段的主题句2 However privatecarsarenotwithoutshortcomings faults Yetotherspeakoftheproblemsprivatecarshavebrought Theycomplainthat However privatecarsmayalsobringwithitproblemsoursocietyhadnotpreviouslyfaced Despitetheincreaseinefficiencyandconveniencegeneratedbyprivatecars thechangestheybringcouldverywellleadtopotentiallyadverseconsequences 否定段的分论点 占有空间Ontheonehand privatecarstakeup occupytoomuchspace 交通事故Ontheotherhand adrivershouldbecareful cautiouswhiledriving otherwise caraccidentsaremorelikelytohappen 污染环境What smore Inaddition privatecarsgiveoff discharge releaseCOwhichpollutetheenvironment air 第四段 总结段 的写法 Despiteallthedisadvantagesmentionedabove Istillthinkthattheadvantagesoutweigh aregreaterthanthedisadvantages Asfortheaboveproblem I msuretheywillbesettledbythescientistsinthefuture Itisonlyamatteroftimefortheproblemstobesolved Unquestionably thechallengeofprivatecarsmeansweallshouldconsiderhowwecancontrolthem sothattheywillnotcontrolus Whethertheprivatecarsareablessingoracurseisadifficultquestiontoanswer yetthedesireforthecomfortandindependenceaprivatecarcanbringwillnotbeelminated Anyway Anyhow Inanycase whethertheeffectisgoodorbad onethingiscertain privatecarshavechangedandwillcontinuetochangethewayofourtransportation ourleisureandourlife 选择题型变体逻辑结构 MyViewon 选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构 ParagraphI 1 引出将要评论的事物或者是观点 2 简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法 ParagraphII 1 提出作者观点 本文主题句 2 举例加以论证 ParagraphIII 1 总结全文 再次强调作者观点 MyViewonFate Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastotheviewoffate Somepeoplebelievethateveryoneisborntoacertainthathecannotchange whilesomeotherpeoplethinkthateverymanisthemasterofhisownlife AsfarasIamconcerned Iagreewiththelatteropinion Thereisasaying Everyoneisthearchitectofhisownfuture Whichmeansone sfateisdecidedinhisownhands Infact nooneisdestinedtoacertainfateinhisorherlife Thosewhoclaimthattheywereborntofailorbeunluckyjustcan trealizehowmuchinnerstrengthandabilitytheyhave Wemustdependonourselvestochangesourlivesandmakeussuccessfulandhappy Let stakeHelenKeller anextraordinaryAmericanwoman forexample Whenshewasonly19monthsold shebecameblindanddeaf Insteadofacceptinghermisfortunehelplessly sheshowedgreatcourageandunconquerablespiritinfightingagainstherdestinedfateandwasawardedthePresident sMedalofFreedomin1964becauseoftheachievementsshehadmadeforhelpingtheblind thedeafandthespeechless Thisstorytellsusthatawisemanisalwayscreatinghisownfateratherthanwaitingforgoodluck Inconclusion IbelievethateveryoneisbornequalandisthebuilderofhisownfateWecanhavegoodfortuneonlyifwetakepainsandworkhard Weshouldbearthefollowingsayinginmind Everymanisthemasterofhisownfate II 社会热点话题写作逻辑结构 Paragraph1 1 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点 general 2 具体描述这个事物或者观点 或者是我对这个现象 事物的基本看法specific Paragraph2 1 作者对该现象或问题的基本看法 即文章的论点句 2 支持性的细节分论点 至少两点 3 本段总结 可以省略 Paragraph3 总结全文 定下结论 通常为我的对策或看法 2000 1HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation 1 上大学的费用 tuitionandfees 可以通过多多种途径解决 2 哪种途径适合我 说明理由 第一段 首先 应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点 Nowadays Atpresent Currently Thesedays Today tuitionsandfeesforcollegestudentsaremuchhigherthaneverbefore Howtofinancemycollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcern 第二段 有多种的方法 例如 1 向父母 2 银行贷款3 打工挣钱主题句 Therearemanywaystosupportmycollegeeducationfinancially Waystosupportmyuniversitystudyfinanciallyvarygreatly arevarious 第二段分写 Inthefirstplace Icanget gain obtainallthemoneyfrommyparents Inthesecondplace Icanapplyfor askforabankloan especiallysetup establishedforcollegestudents undergraduates What smore Icanfindaparttimejobtoearnenoughmoney 第三段 我所赞同的方法 阐述原因 为何不选其他的方法 Personally AsfarasI mconcerned Inmyopinion Frommypointofview Tomywayofthinking AsIseeit Ipreferthebankloanforthefollowingreasons Foronething myparentsarenotrichenoughtoaffordme Foranother Iwillnothaveenoughtimeandenergytostudyafterfinishingmypart time temporary oddjobs Inaddition IbelieveIcanhuntarewarding dreamjobaftergraduation andthenIwillbeabletopayoff payback return giveback Therefore So Hence III 图表题 table bargraph piechart linegraph 图表题的写作逻辑结构 ParagraphI 1 概括描述图表 趋势描写 2 具体描述图表 必要数据支持 细节性 ParagraphII 1 提出自己理由和观点 本段主题句 2 细节性分论点 主要是原因 用于支持自己的观点 至少两点 ParagraphIII 1 预测未来和提出解决方法 2 总结全文和表达作者自己观点 ChangesinPeople sDiet 1 Statethechangesinpeople sdietinthepastfiveyears 2 Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges 3 Drawyourownconclusion Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible Ascanbeseenfromthetable thepastfiveyearshaswi