采矿专业英语文章带翻译.doc

英译汉Underground Mining Methods地下采矿方法Room and Pillar Mining 房柱采矿法Ramps (inclined tunnels) are excavated to connect the surface to the underground orebody. Drifts (horizontal tunnels) are excavated at different elevations to surround the orebody. Next, stopes (tunnels that have direct access to mining the ore) are mined to gain access to the ore. All tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting. Jumbos are in charge of drilling the holes in the rocks and filling them with explosives. The loose rock, also called muck, is transported by either dump trucks back up to the surface for either waste disposal or processing.矿体由隧道（斜井）与地表联通。阶段运输巷道分布在矿体的不同水平。接下来，在采场采场开采矿石。所有巷道通过钻孔和爆破的方式开掘的。钻车是用来在岩石上钻研和并将钻孔填装炸药。松动的岩石，也称为废石，由自卸卡车运输至废石场。As mucking progresses, rooms (tunnels) are cut into the ore body. In order to provide safe roof support for mining, pillars of material around the rooms are left standing to hold up the rock ceiling above. Some parts of the mine roof can be particularly weak and fragile. In addition to pillar support, a jumbo is then brought back in for rock bolting of the roof to ensure safety.随着巷道的掘进，矿体被分割成矿块。为了给采矿作业提供一个安全的顶板，矿房四周留下矿柱来支撑顶板。矿井顶板可以分为一般稳固和极不稳固。除了矿柱支撑，钻车可以安装锚杆稳固顶板，以确保安全。 When all the ore in the stopes has been transported up to surface, some pillars can be removed, since they still have valuable mineral content, while some must be left standing to provide active support for the ceiling. In some room and pillar mines, pillars are all excavated as mining nears completion, to allow the natural collapse of the roof. 当采场内所有的矿石被运送至地表时，因为矿柱含有有价值的矿物，有些矿柱可以回收，然而有些矿柱必须保留下来支撑顶板。在一些矿房法采矿的矿山，当矿床开采完时，矿柱全部回收，让顶板自然垮塌。Cut and Fill Stoping 充填采矿法In cut and fill stoping, the orebody is retrieved in horizontal slices beginning at the very bottom and advancing upwards towards the surface. Ramps (inclined tunnels) are excavated to connect the surface to the underground ore body. Drifts are excavated to come in contact with the ore slices. The slices are drilled using a jumbo, blasted by charging the drill holes with explosives, and ore is removed by using dump trucks or Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles. 在充填采矿法中，将矿床在水平上分层，自下而上逐步充填。坡道(斜隧道)连接地面挖掘地下矿体。矿体靠斜井与地面联通，在矿床阶段开掘延脉运输大巷。阶段内用凿岩台车钻孔，用爆破掘进法掘进，用自卸卡车或者铲车运输矿岩。The ore is dumped into an ore pass, an inclined tunnel where ore is transported to a lower elevation in the mine. The ore is picked up at the other end of the ore pass by a LHD to be transported out of the mine through a ramp (inclined tunnel). Once a slice is completely mined out, the empty space is partially backfilled hydraulically. 在采矿过程中，矿岩被倒进溜井，运输至较低水平。在溜井的另一端，矿岩由铲车经斜坡道运出。当一个阶段采完，采空区就由水利充填。The backfill material used can be a mixture of sand and rocks, waste rock with cement, or dewatered mill tailings (rejected low grade ore from processing, usually fine and sandy). The backfill underground serves to keep the mine walls stable and also as the floor for mining the next slice. Mining continues upwards towards the surface until the orebody is depleted. 充填材料可以是沙石的混合物、混凝土或者脱水的尾矿。充填物可以地下矿床稳定，同时作为下一阶段的底板。逐渐向上开采，直到矿床开采完。Sublevel stoping 分段矿房法Sublevel stoping is a mining method in which ore is blasted from different levels of elevation but is removed from one level at the bottom of the mine. Before mining begins, an ore pass is usually drilled from a lower to a higher elevation. Jumbos selectively drill holes into the roof of the drift and fill them with explosives. When the roof is blasted, loose rocks, or muck, fall through the drilled ore pass. 分段矿房法是一种在不同水平崩落的矿岩运至同一水平的底部采矿方法。在回采之前，通常先开掘由最低水平到上一水平的矿石溜井。钻车在顶板上钻孔，并装填炸药。当顶板被崩落时，矿石和废石进入溜井。A Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicle transports the muck to another ore pass where it falls to a hopper that feeds a crusher. The crushed ore is then elevated (raised) to the surface in a skip. As the muck is taken out, more drilling of the now higher roof continues. The roof is blasted till it is so high that it cannot be reached by a jumbo. Then a jumbo working in a higher elevation drift is used to intersect the stope. After blasting, the ore falls down to the lower drift where LHDs can drive in to load the muck and dump it at an ore pass. 铲车将废石运输到另一个一端接有破碎机漏斗的溜井中。矿石则被装在箕斗中提升至地表。由于废石被崩落，顶板的高度在增加。顶板一直被崩落，直到钻车不够到顶板的高度。这时应有一辆钻车在更高水平工作，以来连接两个采场。崩落后，矿岩落下，这时铲车可以提出废石并倒入溜井中。Drilling and blasting continues until the stope is completely excavated. Once the stope is completely hollowed out, it is backfilled from the bottom, up. The backfill material used can be a mixture of sand and rocks, waste rock with cement, or dewatered mill tailings (rejected low grade ore from processing, usually fine and sandy). The backfill material must have a lot of strength to support the roof of the empty stope. 采场内钻孔和爆破一直会持续，直到完全采完。采场一旦被掏空，就可以从底部充填。充填材料可以是沙石的混合物、混凝土或者脱水的尾矿，充填料必须有足够的强度来支撑采空区的顶板。Sublevel Caving 无底柱分段崩落法Sublevel caving is usually carried out when mining of the orebody through an open pit method is no longer economically feasible. Mining now proceeds underground, underneath the open pit. At first, both a raise and a network of tunnels are made. At different sublevels, jumbos are used for long hole drilling, drilling directly upwards into the roof. These holes are then charged with explosives and blasted. 当露天采矿在经济上不再可行是，通常采取无底柱分段崩落法开采矿床。现在是在露天矿的地下进行地下采矿。首先掘进提升井和运输巷道。在不同的分段，凿岩台车直接向上钻深空。之后向炮孔中装填炸药，再爆破。As the roofs cave in, the rock from the ground surface will cave in to the underground as well. Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles transport the muck, loosened rocks, to an ore pass where the rocks are lifted to the surface. 随着顶板的塌陷，地表的岩石也会陷入地下。铲车将废石和不不松散的岩石运至溜井，之后提升至地表。Drilling and blasting takes place at different underground levels of the mine at the same time. As the blasted rock, muck, is continuously transported to the ore pass, more blasting will encourage the roof to cave in to he void and further into the drift. This is repeated until blasting, caving and transporting depletes the entire orebody. 矿山地下的不同水平，同时进行着凿岩与爆破。由于崩落下的矿岩与废石正持续不断的被运输到溜井，这促使了顶板的塌陷，这是重复的，直到爆破、塌陷和运输完整个矿体。Glossary 术语Bolting 锚杆drilling a hole, and inserting a bolt to strengthen the ceiling and walls of an underground mine 在地下矿中，钻一个洞，并置入螺钉加强顶板和岩层的强度Crusher 破碎机a machine used to crush ore before it is transported 在矿石运输之前破碎矿石的机器Drift 延脉巷道a horizontal underground tunnel that follows a vein or ore body 延矿体走向的水平巷道Drilling and blasting 凿岩与爆破the process of using a drill to create long, narrow cylindrical holes in the rock, and filling these holes with explosives which are then detonated to fragment the rock 在岩石上凿细长的洞，并装填炸药爆破岩石的过程。Jumbo 凿岩台车a drill which is capable of drilling more than one hole at a time and is especially useful in preparation for blasting. 一次能钻多余一个孔的钻机，对爆破前作业非常有用Load Haul Dump 铲车a vehicle with a large bucket on the front used for transporting ore to crushing stations and mucking 在前面有一个可以装矿岩和废石的斗得车Mineral矿物 n