高中英语Module6AnimalsinDangerSectionⅢGrammar_复习定语从句教学案外研版.docx

Module 6 Animals in Danger Section Grammar-复习定语从句语法图解探究发现On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve the huge national park on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.我的发现(1)以上各句中黑体部分在定语从句中分别担当什么成分？句中作定语；句中作主语；句中作地点状语。(2)哪些句子中的which可用that替代？句中的which可用that替代。在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。本模块主要复习由关系词和“介词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句。一、引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词who指人主语、宾语、表语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语that既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语whose既指人又指物定语as既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语关系副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指原因原因状语There are occasions when (on which) one has to yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。This is the place where (at which) Jack parks his car.这是杰克停车的地方。The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。The person whom you met yesterday is an honest man.昨天你遇到的那个人是个诚实的人。Such books as you borrowed are of great use.你借的这样的书很有用。2that和which引导的定语从句的区别that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但两者存在着不同。用that不用which的情况先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时先行词被any, few, little, much, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用thatTell me everything that you know.把你所知道的一切都告诉我吧。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。即时演练1(1)用适当的关系词填空Those people who/whom/that the boss interviewed are applicants for the job.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.Can you show me a case where this phrase is often misused by Chinese students, Mr. Brown?October 1, 1949 is the day that/which well never forget.The reason why he was fired was not known to us.(2)用which或that填空He is the very person that I want to talk to.They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.二、“介词关系代词”的用法1“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose, which或whom，不用that。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。2“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。关系代词前介词选择三原则： 一先，二动，三意义。(1)一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。We will never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.我们将永远不会忘记汶川发生地震的日子。(2)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。He is the model from whom we should learn.他是我们应该学习的榜样。(3)三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Look at the building over which is flying a red flag. Its where I work.看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。3“介词关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, one, few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等介词关系代词”结构。Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。即时演练2(1)用适当的介词填空Air, without which man cant live, is really important.The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed.I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.(2)用“介词关系代词”完成下列句子Trading leather shoes is the business to_which_the_Greens_are_devoted (格林一家所致力于的)(devote)He had a lot of friends, none_of_whom_would_offer_help (没有人会提供帮助) to him when he was in trouble.(offer)There are two buildings there, the_larger_of_which_stands_nearly (较大的那栋大约有) a hundred feet tall. (stand)三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句修饰限制先行词，如果去掉从句，句子意义不完整或失去意义。主、从句关系十分密切，书写时不用逗号分开。He is the man who came to see you yesterday.他是昨天来看你的那个人。2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词做些附加说明，主从句关系不是十分密切，如果去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚，从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般用which引导，不用that。关系词不可省略。The concert was put off, which disappointed us.音乐会推迟了，这让我们很失望。名师点津非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用“逗号”分开，并且不能加入and, but, so等连接词。并列句一般由and, but, so等词连接。He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(非限制性定语从句)He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句)那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗户的大部分已经至少一年没有擦了。即时演练3(1)完成句子He suddenly fell ill, which_prevented_him_from going to school.他突然生病，不能去上学了。Where is the dictionary which_I_bought_yesterday?我昨天买的那本词典在哪儿？Peter drove too fast, which_was_very_dangerous.彼得开车太快，这是很危险的。(2)句型转换She heard a terrible noise and it brought her heart into her mouth.She heard a terrible noise, which_brought her heart into her mouth.These articles are written in simple language to make it easy to read.These articles are written in simple language, which_makes_it_easy to read.四、as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，它们的用法区别主要体现在以下几个方面：1关系代词代替主句中某一个名词或词组，并对该名词或词组进行补充和说明时，只能用which引导。Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.北京是中国的首都，它是一座非常美丽的城市。2当指代前面整个句子时，which只能置于主句之后，as位置灵活，可前、可后、可中间；as有“正如，像”之意，which无此意；as作主语时常与被动结构相连，或作宾语。He finished the task in time, as we had expected.他及时完成了任务，正如我们所预料的那样。即时演练4用as/which引导的定语从句完成句子He is a great hero, as_is_described in the report.正如在报道中描述的一样，他是一个伟大的英雄。Her role in the performance was spoken highly of, which_made_her_proud.她在表演中扮演的角色受到高度表扬，这使她很自豪。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which_was_understandable.在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。The book is very interesting, as_most_readers_say.正如大多数读者所说的那样，这本书很有趣。.单句语法填空1(2015江苏高考改编)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2(2015福建高考改编)ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.3(2015四川高考改编)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.4(2014重庆高考改编)Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.5(2014陕西高考改编)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.6The pencil with which he was writing broke.7Who is the woman that is sweeping the floor over there?8He talked about a writer whose books are popular among young people.9Nearby were two boats in which they had come to the island.10The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.单句写作1(2015全国卷书面表达)The column “Foreign Cultures”， which_aims_to_introduce festival customs and the life of high school students in foreign countries, is popular among the students.“外国文化”栏目在学生中很受欢迎，它旨在介绍外国的节日传统和高中生的生活。2(2015重庆高考写作)Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who_share_the_same_interest through this activity.其次，通过这个活动，我可以结识可以分享共同兴趣的人。3(2015全国卷书面表达)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which_we_hope_will_make_them_happy.我们将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过非常美好的时光，我们希望这会使他们快乐。4All the people who/that_come_from_the_country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。5The computer which/that_I_wanted_to_buy was sold out.我想买的那款计算机卖完了。6We should do everything that_is_useful_to_the_people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。7When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that_comes_into_our_mind is the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。8I will never