2008年高级(含教授级)任职资格外语考试试卷--英语(油气田工程).doc

中国石化集团公司2008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷英语（油气工程）（120分钟内完成）题号一二三总分12121-3得分一、 阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分）短文1（12.5分） Much of any managers times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every managers life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager cant think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.Questions:1. What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage?2. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?3. What should a manager know in meetings?4. When does a manager often hold a meeting?5. What is implied in the last few instances?短文2（12.5分） The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?2. What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean?3. Why was it said in the second paragraph that the bread advertised was misleading?4. Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising?5. According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you?二、 英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）短文1（20分） With the economic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem. There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry. Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A The first step in exploration is to select an isolate area to study. The selection is usually based on a very general analysis of geologic data. When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. Once a prospect is located, some means of evaluating its potential value is needed to determine if a well should be drilled. If a company decides to drill the well, it must determine exactly where the best drilling site would be. The earliest site selection method was probably based on petroleum seeps. It was logical to assume that if one saw oil seeping at the surface, oil was probably located directly below. Undoubtedly, most of the earlier discovered deposits were located by this type of surface investigation. When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary. Another site selection technique was surface geology. This method involved visually examining the general lay of the land, looking for unusual surface features such as large mounds or faults that might reflect similar subsurface features. This is a completely valid technique for locating geologic anomalies, or unusual features, that are relatively close to the earths surface. A surface anomaly implies that a shallow subsurface anomaly also exists. If a petroleum seep happened to be in the area, the site was considered extremely promising.B There is little doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists, from the evidence of association, that petroleum originates from organic matter of both plant and animal origin that accumulates in fine-grained sediment under quiet conditions relatively deficient in oxygen. These ideas receives firmer support from geochemical studies of sedimentary organic matter, indicating that petroleum is generated during burial of the sediment, primarily under the influences of heat and time, and that it is expelled from the source rocks during compaction. Crude oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons. In the present context it is interesting to note that there is as much variation between crude oils of the same ageor, more precisely, crude oils in rocks of the same ageas between crude oils of different ages. Since there has been a continually changing pattern of life over the last 600 millions years or so, the general similarities of crude oils suggest that they are genera