中国海洋大学2013年翻译硕士英语答案解析.doc

PART 11-5CADBC6-10CAACD 11-15AA*D* 16-20*A*B* 21-25AD*B 26-30CBABD 31-35*B*A36-40CDAAC61-65DBDBA66-70.ABBDA1.C 析 Achallengeis something new and difficult which requires great effortWhen one firm or countrycompeteswithanother, it tries to get people to buy its own goods in preference to those of the other firm or country与竞争If you say that one thingrivalsanother, you mean that they are both of the same standard or quality 可匹敌者If youcontendwithsomeoneforsomething such as power, you compete with them to try to get it. 争夺 (权力等)2.A 析 When something such as a dead body, a dead plant, or a toothdecays, it is gradually destroyed by a natural process. 腐坏If people or animalsperish, they die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of an accident. (因恶劣条件或事故) 死亡3. D 析 If youadmiresomeone or something, you like and respect them very much. 钦佩If youadmiresomeone or something, you look at them with pleasure.欣赏Esteemis the admiration and respect that you feel toward another person. 敬重If youadoresomething, you like it very much. 很喜欢 (某物)4. B 析 Aperpetualfeeling, state, or quality is one that never ends or changes. 永恒的Something that ispermanentlasts forever. 永久的，Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage to the brain.饮酒过量可能造成永久性脑损伤Something that iseternallasts forever. 永远的 the quest for eternal youth. 对永远年轻的追求5. 析 When somethingis liable tohappen, it is very likely to happen. 很有可能的Incline，be inclined to do sth,有倾向的If you aresusceptible tosomething or someone, you are very likely to be influenced by them. 易受影响的If a person, animal, or plant isvulnerabletoa disease, they are more likely to get it than other people, animals, or plants. 容易患病的个人认为选C。PART 2解析见手写版41-45DCBCD 46-50BBABA 51-55ADADD 56-60ACAAAPART 3SECTION A, PASSAGE ONEMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.许多事情使人们认为艺术家古怪，而最古怪的可能是：艺术家唯一的工作是探索情感，但是他们却选择了集中探索那些令人不快的情感。This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.以前并非总是这样。最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，就是最适合表达快乐的。但是到了19世纪的某个时候，当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花之时，更多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的，虚假的，甚至是令人厌倦的事物。phony adj. 假的，欺骗的 n. 假冒者；赝品daffodils 水仙花You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.你可能会认为艺术越来越怀疑快乐是因为现代社会经历了连年的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜，但是这并不是说以前的时代就没有经历过这样多的痛苦。事实上，情况可能正好相反：如今世上的快乐太多了After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.那么，究竟是哪一种现代的表达形式，几乎完全在致力于描绘快乐呢？那就是广告。反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全可以追溯到大众传媒的出现，以及随之而来的商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅仅是一种理想而且是一种空想。People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be abummertoo.早期时代的人们被那些令他们处处想到苦难的事情包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽，生活几乎没有保障，寿命短。在西方，在大众通讯和读写教育普及之前，最强大的大众传媒是教堂，它提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险中，他们有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。考虑到这一切，他们的确无需艺术再来表示这种不愉快的感觉。Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. Celebrate! commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.如今，普通西方人遭受的不再是宗教的而是永远快乐的商业信息的狂轰滥炸。快餐食客，新闻主持人，短消息服务商，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。我们的杂志刊登的神采奕奕的名人和幸福完美的家庭，但是由于这些信息都有着一个自己的“任务(agenda)”，即诱惑我们打开钱包，所以它使得快乐的概念看上去不可靠。“庆祝吧！”宣传关节炎良药“欢庆宝”的广告这样召唤道，随后我们却发现它会增加心脏病的发病率。But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did,Mementomori:remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.但是，我们所忘记的我们的经济依赖于我们所忘却的快乐不仅仅是没有痛苦。带来最大快乐的东西也最有可能带有失落和失望。如今，我们的周围充斥着唾手可得的幸福的承诺，我们需要艺术来告诉我们，正如宗教Memento mori曾经告诉我们的：记得你终将死亡，一切都会结束，快乐的到来并非在否定这一切时来到，而是和这一切一起来到。这个讯息比大叶烟的味道更苦涩，但是不管怎么说，终究是一股清新的空气。名师解析61. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that作者引用诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔的例子，其意图是为了表明A poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.诗歌对于快乐的表达不如油画和音乐。B art grows out of both positive and negative feelings.艺术源于正面和负面情感。C poets today are less skeptical of happiness.今天的诗人对于快乐持较弱的怀疑态度。D artists have changed their focus of interest.艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点。【答案】 D【考点】 推断题。【分析】 题干关键词“华兹华斯和波德莱尔”，定位到第二段最后一句，“as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil”通过第一段的阅读我们得知，艺术家开始关注那些令人不快的情感。而第二段说，“以前不是这样的，绘画，音乐都适合表达快乐，只是19世纪的某个时候，当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时，越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的，虚假的，甚至是令人厌倦的。”因此我们可以得出结论，即“艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点”。故正确答案是D。A不合适的原因是文中没有将诗歌、绘画和音乐对于快乐的表现力进行比较。B从字面上来看，似乎是有道理的，但是这不是作者引用二人的目的所在，因为作者强调的是一个重点的转移。选项C的说法和第三段第一句的意思相反。62. The word“bummer”(Line 5. Paragraph 5) most probably means something“bummer”(第五段第五行)一词的最有可能的含义是A religious. 宗教的 B unpleasant. 令人不快的C entertaining. 使人愉快的 D commercial. 商业的【答案】 B【考点】 词义题。【分析】 本题考查考生能否根据上下文来推测某个单词意思的能力。根据提示定义到第五段最后一句。第五段说“早期时候的人，生活被苦难包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽，生活没有保障，寿命很短。最强大的大众传媒教堂也时刻提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。有了这一切，他们的确无需艺术也变成一个bummer”。至此，意思很明了，即他们不再需要增加一个“令他们不快乐的事物”，“bummer”指的就是“something unpleasant”。63. In the authors opinion, advertising 在作者看来，广告A emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art. 随着反快乐艺术而出现。B is a cause of disappointment for the general public. 是引起公众失望的原因。C replaces the church as a major source of information. 代替了教堂成为主要的信息来源。D creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 创造快乐的幻觉而不是快乐本身【答案】 D【考点】 推断题。【分析】 通过本题关键词“广告”(advertising)可以定位到第四段。作者提到“反快乐的艺术之兴起几乎可以追溯到大众传媒出现的时候，以及伴随大众传媒而出现的商业文化。对商业文化而言，快乐不仅仅是一种理想，更是一种意识形态”。因此A可以被排除，因为A的说法刚好与原文相反。“in the wake of”的意思就是“紧跟着，随着”。然后再定位到第六段，文章说，“西方人遭受商业信息的狂轰滥炸，而且这些信息总是很快乐。快餐食客，新闻主持人，短消息服务商，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。但是由于这些信息都有着一个自己的任务(agenda)，即，诱惑我们打开钱包”，所以它使得快乐的概念看上去不可靠。后面作者又举了一个药品的例子，说这个药品的宣传很好，但是后来却发现它可能增加心脏病的发病率。综合以上所说，可以看出，广告创造的是快乐的幻觉而不是快乐本身，故正确答案为D。B没有根据。C的错误在于代替教堂的不是广告而是大众传媒。64. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes从最后一段中我们可以得知作者相信A happiness more often than not ends in sadness.快乐常常以痛苦告终。（注意本句的翻译）B the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.反快乐艺术令人不快但是使人耳目一新。C misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.应该享受痛苦而不是拒绝痛苦。D the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.经济的繁荣的时候反快乐艺术也昌盛。【答案】 B【考点】 作者观点题。【分析】 在最后一段，作者归纳上文得出结论：在今天这样一个快乐唾手可得的年代，我们必须记住一点，那就是，只有在面临巨大的失败和失望的风险后取得的才是真正的快乐。而今天我们需要一样东西来提醒我们，就像当初的宗教那样。那就是反快乐文化。作者在最后提到，“它很苦但是很清新”。这里与B的意思是一样的，故为本题的正确答案。A的错误在于它故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意图。作者只是说宗教提醒人们各种痛苦的存在。至于C的错误，就是作者说“人们需要接受痛苦；而不是说享受痛苦”。至于D，在最后一段里面，我们推断不出“经济的繁荣的时候反快乐艺术也昌盛”。65. Which of the following is true of the text? 根据本文，下面哪一个是正确的？A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.宗教曾经的功能就是让人想起苦难。B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.艺术提供了期望与现实之间的平衡。C People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.人们对当代社会的现实感到失望。D Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.大众传媒倾向于报道灾难和死亡。【答案】 A【考点】 事实细节题。【分析】 A可以定位到第五段，文中提到“宗教提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂是处于危险中，他们有一天会成为蛆虫的食物”。因此我们可以判断本题的正确答案是A。至于B，在文中找不到出处。C关于道德的现实这个问题也没有提到。D关于大众传媒的说法与文章的意思相反，这在倒数第二段中可以看出。难句解析：1. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.【结构分析】 本句的主干是“more artists began seeing happiness as”，“insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring”做的是宾语补足语。“somewhere in the 19th century”是副词短语做时间状语。后面一个“as”相当于“when”，引导一个时间状语从句。2. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.【结构分析】 本句的主干是“The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media”，“with it”是介宾短语做伴随状语，这里的“it”说得就是“the emergence of mass media”。“which”引导一个定语从句，修饰“commercial culture”。3. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms.【结构分析】 本句的主干是“the most powerful mass medium was the church”，“which”引导一个非限定性定语从句？，修饰“church”，在这个定语从句中又有两个“that”引导的宾语从句。PASSAGE TWOAnd so I am to write a storybut of what, and where? Shall it be radiant with the sky of Italy or eloquent with the beau ideal of Greece? Shall it breathe odor and languor from the orient, or chivalry from the occident? or gayety from France? or vigor from England? No, no; these are all too oldmy own New England; the land of bright fires and strong hearts; the land of deeds, and not of words; the land of fruits, and not of flowers; the land often spoken against, yet always respected: the latchet of whose shoes the nations of the earth are not worthy to unloose.那么，我将写一个故事是什么呢？发生在哪里呢？它会像意大利天空光芒四射，或是像希腊的花花公子能言善辩？是东方国家的臭味慵懒还是西方国家的绅士风度？或是像来自法国的欢乐，英国的活力？不，不，这些都太古老了我要写的是我的新英格兰；这片土地充满热情和力量，具有实干精神而绝非虚于言辞；这片土地盛产水果而非花朵；它会收到人们言语的对抗，但通常得到人们的尊重：-这个存在于地球的民族值得人们研究。Now from this very heroic apostrophe, you may suppose that I have something very heroic to tell. By no means. It is merely a little introductory breeze of patriotism, such as occasionally brushes over every mind, bearing on its wings the remembrance of all we ever loved and cherished in the land of our early years; and if it should seem to be rodomontade to any people in other parts of the earth, let them only imagine it to be said about Old Kentucky, Old England, or any other corner of the world in which they happened to be born and they will find it quite rational.以这样英雄性的呼语开篇，你或许以为我会将一些英雄事迹。但，绝对没有。这只是一部分爱国性的引言，正如我们脑海里，偶尔回忆起的那片珍爱的土地，它承载着我们的年幼时光。如果其他地方的人认为这是吹牛的，那就让他们想象一下古老的肯塔基州，古老的英格兰或者是世界上任何一个他们出生的地方，这样他们就会觉得（我所说的）相当合理。But, as touching our story, it is time to begin. Did you ever see the little village of Newbury, in New England? I dare say you never did; for it was just one of those out-of-the-way places where nobody ever came unless they came on purpose: a green little hollow, wedged like a birds next between half a dozen high hills, that kept off the wind and kept out foreigners; so that the little place was s straitly sui generis as if there were not another in the world. The inhabitants were all of that respectable old steadfast family who make it a point to be born, bred, married, to die, and be buried all in the selfsame spot. There were just so many houses, and just so many people lived in them; and nobody ever seemed to be sick, or to die either, at least while I was there. The natives grew old till they could not grow any older, and then they stood still, and lasted from generation to generation. There was, too, an unchangeability about all the externals of Newbury. Here was a red house, and there was a brown house, and across the way was a yellow house; and there was a straggling rail fence or a tribe of mullein stalks between. The minister lived here, and Squire Moses lived there, and Deacon Hart lived under the hill, and Messrs. Nadab and Abihu Peters lived by the crossroad, and the old wider Smith lived by the meeting-house, and Ebenezer Camp kept a shoemakers shop on one side, and Patience Mosely kept a milliners shop in front; and there was old Comfort Scran, who kept a store for the whole town, and sold axe heads, brass thimbles, licorice balls, fancy handkerchiefs, and everything else you can think of. Here, too, was the general post-office, where you might see letters marvelously folded, directed wrong side upward, stamped with a thimble, and superscribed to some of the Dollys, or Pollys, or Peters, or Moseses aforenamed or not named.但是，该开始我们的故事了。你见过新英格兰一个叫纽波利的小村庄吗？我敢说你从未见过。因为他在一个很偏僻的地方，除非你刻意去那里，否则没有人会去。一个绿色的山谷如鸟的巢穴一般嵌入群山，将其与外界的风和外面的人隔开。所以这个小地方及其独特，仿佛世界上再没有第二个。这里的居民都是一直坚守于此，值得人尊敬的常住居民，他们在这里出生，成长，结婚，老去，最后葬在这里。有很多房子，也有很多人住在这里，但是似乎没有人生病或者去世，至少我在这里的时候是这样的。当地居民慢慢老去直到寿终，然后就静止不动了，一代又一代都是如此。这里也有纽波利恒久不变的外观：有一栋红房子和一栋灰色的房子，穿过这条路又一栋黄色的房子；一些散乱的栅栏围着一簇毛蕊花。牧师住在这里，乡绅领导等住在那里，迪肯哈特和摩西住在山脚下，纳达布和阿比胡住在十字路口旁边，老史密斯一家住在会议室附近，艾比泽尼营地的一侧住着一位老鞋匠，在他前面是佩森斯莫斯里开的帽子铺；还有老斯格兰，他开了一家供整个镇子的商店，卖斧头、顶针、甘草球、精选的手帕等所有你能想到的东西。 邮局总办公室也在这里，每天发大量的信件，到楼上盖上章，写上收件人的姓名。For the rest, as to manners, morals, arts, and sciences, the people in Newbury always went to their parties at three oclock in the afternoon, and came home before dark; always stopped all work the minute the sun was down on Saturday night; always went to meeting on Sunday; had a schoolhouse with all the ordinary inconveniences; were in neighborly charity with each other; read their Bibles, feared their God, and were content with such things as they hadthe best philosophy, after all.另外，关于礼仪，道德，艺术和科学等方面，纽波利人每天下午三点聚会，天黑前回家；通常在周六太阳落山的时候结束所有工作；邻里关系融洽，读圣经，敬上帝，对拥有的一切感到很满足毕竟这是最高的智慧。66. In the first paragraph the author contrasts the East and the West asA. indolent and gallant.B. charming and rude.C. foreign and familiar.D. passive and aggressive.第一段中，作者将东方和西方比作懒惰的和英勇的有魅力的和粗鲁的外来的和熟悉的积极的和富有进攻性的【析】本题重点考察词汇67. In the second paragraph we can see that the author assumes her readersA. prefer rigorous arguments.B. share similar feelings.C. need a lot of persuading.D. dislike figurative language.在文章的第二段中，我们知道作者认为读者倾向于严格缜密的论证分享相似的感受需要大量道理说服不喜欢修辞性的语言16. The author chooses New England as her subject matter because she knows it well and because its inhabitants are作者选择新英格兰作为主旨是因为，她知道对他很了解并且当地居民A. talkative rather than diligent.B. productive rather than self-indulgent.C. romantic rather than serious.D. charming rather than admired.夸夸其谈而不实干多产的而不是自我放纵浪漫而不严谨有魅力而不称赞69. The facts in the passage indicate that village of Newbury isA. accustomed to seeing vagabonds.B. a densely populated area.C. socially and politically progressive.D. located in a remote part of the country.文中的事实暗示了纽波利这个小村惯于见到流浪者是一个人口密度大的区域社交和政治上具有攻击性坐落在该国家很偏僻的角落70. The authors view of Newbury isA. retrospective.B. detached.C. impartial.D. skeptical.作者对纽波利的观点是怀旧的依恋的公正的怀疑的PASSAGE THREEPardonme:howareyourmanners?Thedeclineofcivilityandgoodmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrime,accordingtoGentilityRecalled,editedbyDigbyAnderson,whichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizesthefactthatmannersarescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.Theresult,accordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnit,anindependentthink-tankisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreets,jostlingincrowds,impoliteshopassistantsandbad-tempereddrivers.Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivial,butoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasy,unpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrime,theycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Whenpeoplelamentthedisintegrationoflawandorder,heargues,whattheygenerallymeansisorder,asmanifestedbycourteousformsofsocialcontact.Meanwhile,attemptstoreestablishrestraintandself-controlthroughpoliticallycorrectrulesareartificial.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthecoarseningofBritain.Old-fashionedtermssuchasgentlemanandladyhave-lostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobere-evaluated,itsays,RachelTrickett,honoraryfellowandformerprincipalofStHughsCollege.Oxford,saysthatthenotionofaladyprotectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexes,creatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnatures,shesays: Women,withoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespect,becomeincreasinglyvictims. CarolineMoore,thefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouse.Cambridge,pointsoutthatgentlemanisnowusedonlywithironyorderision.Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecileparasiteandthevillainousone:betweenWoosteresquechinlesswonders,andthoseheartlesscapitalisttoffswhoare.thestock-in-tradeoftelevision. Shearguesthattheconceptisneitherclass-boundnorrigid;conventionsofgentlemanlybe