四六级翻译题.doc

1. 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.2. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代 诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征 着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国 的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Years holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗 烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake . 3.北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.4. 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness. 5.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes. 6.中国共有八大菜系（cuinsines），包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是下餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱(cheese and tomato sauce).城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳和肯德基。收入的不断增长，对国际食品的更多了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及灌装食品（packaged and canned food）的新一代消费者Chinese has 8 major cuisine, including Sichuan cuisine famous for pungency and Canton cuisine for lightness Chinese restaurant enjoy great popularity all over the world. With the ever-changing of the Chinese lifestyle , however , people are experiencing a new diet style either when cooking at home or eating at restaurant .For instance ,the cheese and tomato sauce are added to the traditional Chinese food, and urban consumers now frequently go to fast food chains ,such as McDonalds and KFC. The steady growth of peoples income more knowledge about international food and the convenience of supermarket shopping bring to the emergence of a new generation of a new generation of consumers who are more likely to buy packaged and canned food.7.歌谣（ballads）跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本身是人们在生活中随兴而发的（improvised）东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托（derivatives），能够断定朝代的歌谣要到诗经（the Book of Songs ）里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话（mythology）对中国文学的影响更为显著。Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times , they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace . Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.8. 春节贴年画（pasting New Year Prints）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods)的传统。随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神福神、薪神和寿神(Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity)，寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青，河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。9. 在中国，小孩的满月酒（one-month-old feast）和抓周（one-year-old catch）仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋好友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予孩子任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业及前途。10. 农历正月十五是中国的元宵节，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约3000年前就出现在元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷将灯笼与佛教联系起来，从此灯笼就成了元宵节官方礼仪的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼一般做成宫廷灯笼的样子。参考答案1. In the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.2. Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.3. 4. 5. 6.Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.7. China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises. 8. 9. The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life. 10. 11. In extended families, the older members opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved taken good care of by all. Chinas Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter allowances and help them with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sins and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents. To them, breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.12. China is still facing the severe reality that it is a country with a large population but insufficient resources. In view of Chinas current resource supplies, many people say we have to stick to the one-child policy. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. A number of people relate many problems, such as the shortage of labor force, accelerated growth of the aging population and the imbalance in made and female births, to the one-child policy . Therefore, they believe its high time to stop this policy. Everything will bring both positive and negative effects. If some measures can be taken, say, adjust the subsidy policy, or provide more support to one-child families, the side effects of the one-child policy can be limited to a minimum. 13.Chinas defeat in the Opium War exposed her military backwardness and weakness。Western powers saw that it was easy to force her to accept unequal conditions。So after the war, British and other western countries, include France, Germany ,Russia ,the unite states, and Japan in the east separately or jointly started aggressive wars on China or bullied China in different ways . Chinese history in the second half of the nineteenth century was full of such humiliating events .They marked the turn of China form a feudal country into a semi_ feudal one.14. 15. Globalization is a challenge for both developed countries. With the development of globalization ，the cooperation among countries around the world increases. China has a market as big as 1.3 billion people, which will substantial impetus to the world economy. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure program， upgrade its industrial equipment and improve agricultural production as well as its processing capability. All the above requires an environment of international cooperation. Expanding economic and trade cooperation and cooperation in other fields are conducive the development of the world economy.16. 17. Recently, Chinas economy grows very fast. However, its pollution and emission problems are also surprising. China is already the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide despite the fact that its economy is only about a half of the size of that of the US. The chief source of pollution is coal. China consumes about two-fifths of the worlds coal at a growth rate of about 10 per cent a year. The good news is that Chinese government is beginning to start a low-carbon action which will power its future growth, development and energy security objectives. The government has also set an ambitious goal for using renewable energy, hoping that by 2020 about 20per cent of electricity needs will be met by wind and solar.18. Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the worlds leading economy in this century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their roster of foreign language or expand Chinese language programs already in place. By some estimates, as many as 50,000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in school. The device to develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China,