48个国际音标讲义-全部.doc

成功，源自正确的方法和非凡的努力48个国际音标讲义-总纲主讲人 杨博一、教学目标1、知道音标的概念、分类及新旧音标的对照。2、掌握每一个音标的听、说、读、写及浊化规则。3、准确判断单词中有几个音标、几个音节及重度与否。4、了解自然拼读理论。二、教学步骤1、音标概述（第1天）2、辅音（第1、2天）3、元音（第3、4天）4、自然拼读（第5天）5、音节和复习（第6天）5、考试和讲评（第7天）三、教学方法1、分组、相近、辨析2、单词、短语、句子、绕口令、谚语、歌曲四、教学用具纸条、音标卡片、录音。音标讲义（1）一、音标概述（第1天）1、音素和音标的概念：音素：语音中的最小单位。例如m是由m、a和上声调这三个音素组成的。音标：就是记录音素的符号。它的制定原则是：一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不只表示一个音素（例如双元音）。辅音和元音在语言中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。例如go和gu。2、音标的分类：（1）英语中共有26个字母，其中5个元音字母，21个辅音字母。（2）英语中共有48个音标，其中20个元音，28个辅音。（3）元音有20个，其中12个单元音，8个双元音。（4）辅音有28个，其中11个清辅音，17个浊辅音。元音20单元音12/i:/-/I/, /A:/-/V/, /O:/-/, /:/-/E/, /U:/-/U/; /Q/-/e/双元音8/eI/, /aI/, /OI/, /EU/, /aU/, /IE/, /eE/, /UE/ 辅音28清辅音11/P/, /t/, /K/, /F/, /s/, /T/, /S/, /tS/, /tr/, /ts/; /H/ 浊辅音17/B/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /D/, /Z/, /dZ/, /dr/, /dz/; /m/, /n/, /N/, /R/, /w/, /j/, /L/ 3、新旧音标对照：音标讲义（2）二、辅音（第1、2天）28个辅音中，有10对清浊辅音，和其他8个辅音。1、成对清浊辅音（10对，20个）（第1天）（1） /P/ : pen, pig, put, purple, people, apple, map, pill, /B/ : book, big, but, bread, lab, library, web, bomb, 浊化 : speak, spell, speed, spy, space, spark, spoil, spin, *pig, bat *people, pocket, pay, put, paper, special, space, Spain, spend, sparkbig, bus, back, box, bird, bath, boat, beast, beach, build*paint a picture 画一幅画a pretty present 一件漂亮的礼物a very expensive purse 一个非常贵的钱包a piece of paper 一张纸pay the bill 付账单baked beef 烤牛肉black and blue 青一块紫一块bread and butter 黄油面包as blind as a bat 瞎得厉害Beauty and the Beast 美女与野兽*选出你所听到的单词：1、pie buy2、pea bee3、plank blank4、pump bump5、cap cab6、mop mob7、rope robe8、top job*Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。We must help the poor. 我们必须帮助穷人。Did Peter pass the exam? 彼得通过考试了吗？Please book a room for Paul. 请给保罗订个房间。I want to make pineapple pie. 我想做菠萝派。Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。This bank was robbed by a mob. 这家银行被一伙暴徒抢劫了。Bob is absent because of backache. 由于背痛，鲍勃没来。Bens bike was broken by a bad guy. 本的自行车被一个坏蛋弄坏了。Where is my bank book? 我的银行存折在哪儿？*Peters plane is plainly painted. Peter is paid plenty to paint planes.彼得的飞机花得很清楚。彼得画飞机赚了很多钱。There dwelt a bear, also a boar. The bear could not bear the boar. The boar thought the bear a bore. 这里住着一只熊，还有一只猪。熊不能忍受猪。猪又嫌熊烦。-（2） /t/ : ten, winter, it, twenty, often, listen, castle, /d/ : dog, desk, good, dad, 浊化 : stand, start, steak, sticker, stop, steal, stone, *turtle, dog *table, time, ten, tide, tell, stair, stand, star, water, littledad, day, dare, dance, red, bad, glad, under, good, dark*an important meeting 一个重要的会议at times 有时put on your coat 穿上你的外套stop talking about it 不要谈论它了write a letter 写一封信a different idea 一个与众不同的想法a cold day 寒冷的天气cry aloud suddenly 突然放声哭in a dark building 在一幢漆黑的建筑物里面a good child 一个好孩子*选出你所听到的单词：9、tide died10、tear dear11、team deem12、two do13、feet feed14、let led15、neat need16、sat sad*Ted is taller than Tom. 泰德比汤姆高。Not at all. 一点儿也不。Dont waste time. 别浪费时间。Let me have a rest. 让我休息一下。Theres little water left. 没有水剩下。Dont depend on anybody. 不要依靠任何人。Daddy is in the bed. 爸爸在床上。Would you like to dance with me? 你愿意和我跳舞吗？My daughter likes bread instead of rice. 我女儿喜欢面包而不是米饭。Im glad you did that. 我很高兴你那么做了。*Two tickets takers took a taxi.两个有票的人坐了出租车。Debbie did not destroy Darrells dishes. Darrell destroyed Debbies dishes.黛比没有砸烂达雷尔的盘子。达雷尔砸烂了黛比的盘子。-（3） /K/ : kite, kid, bike, week, look, can, cat, clap, cup, cap, cop, come, quick, black, back, clock, neck, rock, duck, /g/ : get, give, big, flag, great, glad, ghost, orange, giant, gym, 浊化 : sky, skin, scar, school, *koala, goose *kill, cool, car, kite, occur, disk, kiss, knock, sky, skigame, good, go, get, great, guest, dog, egg, bag, girl*a colorful picture 一张色彩丰富的画take care 当心a black desk 一张黑色的书桌look at the kite 看这只风筝a cute clock 一只可爱的闹钟forget the exam 忘记考试a great gun 一把好枪get angry with a guy 和一个家伙生气green grass 绿色的草as good as gold （小孩）很乖*选出你所听到的单词：17、class glass18、come gum19、crane gain20、quest guest21、lack lag22、leak league23、pick pig24、take tag*Jacks back aches. 杰克的后背疼。Care killed a cat. 忧愁伤身。I like chocolate. 我喜欢巧克力。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。He was killed in a car accident. 他死于一场车祸事故。He has gone to the school gate.他去校门口了。A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始才能善终。Granny gave me gum. 奶奶给我口香糖。I ordered a glass of grape juice. 我点了一杯葡萄汁。The hunter with a gun gazed at the fat goose. 拿着枪的猎人盯着那只肥鹅。*Keep clean socks in a clean sock stack. Keep clean stockings in a clean stocking stack.把干净的短袜存放在干净的短袜柜里。把干净的长袜存放在干净的长袜柜里。The guests act glad to get the grits, but the guests agree that Gretchens garlic grits are gross.客人们很高兴地接受了粉末，但是客人们都认为格雷琴的蒜末太油腻了。-（4） /F/ : five, face, life, fifty, fish, fox, phone, phrase, photo, elephant, /v/ : very, five, violin, Volvo, vest, van, *fox, vulture *fix, finger, finish, brief, careful, stiff, friend, offer, fleet, flyvictor, voice, five, active, veil, grave, cave, brave, village, view*my fathers friend 我父亲的朋友five fingers 无根手指face to face 面对面a famous film star 一位著名的电影明星a brief frame 间接的结构various views 各种各样的观点over and over again 一次又一次地visit the village 参观村庄an invalid visa 一张无效的签证a very hot oven 一个非常热的炉子*25、fast vast26、fan van27、few view28、fowl vowel29、leaf leave30、proof prove31、safe save32、surf serve*Fortunately, Franks father fixed the phones. 幸运的是弗兰克的父亲修好了电话。When its fall, there is a fine field of wheat. 秋天的时候，呈现出一片长势喜人的麦田。This fisher is selling fresh fish. 这个渔夫在卖鲜鱼。My French friends flew here from France last Friday. 我的法国朋友上周五从法国乘飞机到这了。The butterfly flitted from flower to flower. 蝴蝶在花丛中掠过。He has a valuable valley villa. 他有一座昂贵的峡谷别墅。Van is a kind of vehicle. 货车是一种交通工具。Victor only eats vegetables. 维克多只吃蔬菜。These visitors lived in a small village. 这些旅游者住在一座小村庄里。His voice varies with the tune of the violin. 他的声音随着小提琴的曲调而变化。*Fifty-five firefighters fried fifty-five French fries. 五十五名消防人员炸出了五十五根法国炸薯条。Various visitors visited the village. 各种各样的访问者访问了这座村庄。-（5） /s/ : sit, school, desk, this, miss, city, cigar, cent, center, cycle, circle, pencil, /z/ : is, nose, eyes, zebra, zoo, zeal, zero, zone, Brazil, zipper, *snail, zebra*bus, rice, sorry, safe, student, face, see, say, sport, skatezip, size, please, zoom, seize, zone, zoo, magazine, cause, zero*see the sea 看大海a slight sign 轻声的叹息something serious 严重的事情seek some books 找一些书sing a song 唱首歌cozy clothes 舒适的衣服a zebra in the zoo 动物园里的斑马analyze news 分析消息examine her disease 检查她的病症seize the crazy man 扎住那个疯子*选出你所听到的单词：33、seal zeal34、sown zone35、sue zoo36、bus buzz37、ice eyes38、loose lose39、race raise40、used(习惯了的) used（旧的）*Stop saying like that! 不要那样说话！My sister likes south Sweden. 我的姐姐喜欢瑞典南部。The spy speaks no true. 这个间谍说的没一句是真话。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。Flowers seem to speak a welcoming message to the splendid spring. 花儿似乎在对这美妙的春天表达着欢迎的讯息。Zip your lips. 闭上嘴。The parking zone is near the zoo. 停车场离动物园不远。Liz is very lazy. 莉兹非常懒。Elizabeth does not like the exam. 伊丽莎白不喜欢考试。Alexander deserves praise. 亚历山大值得表扬。*The shepherd swiftly sheared the sleepy sheep with the sharp scissors.牧羊人飞快地用锋利的剪刀修剪困乏的羊的羊毛。This is a zither. Is this a zither? This is Zoes sisters zither.这是一只齐特琴。这是一只齐特琴么？这是佐伊的妹妹的齐特琴。-（6） /T/ : three, think, /D/ : the, this, those, they, *moth, mother*bath, health, breath, tooth, throw, thank, cloth, thief, think, monththere, than, those, leather, weather, brother, thus, that, this, they*the third tooth 第三颗牙齿north and south 北方和南方from mouth to mouth 口口相传a thin thief 一个身体单薄的贼healthy thought 健康的思想their leather 他们的皮革制品mothers clothes 母亲的衣服fathers brothers 父亲的兄弟without them 没有他们bathe with him 和他一起洗澡*选出你所听到的单词：41、thank than42、theme these43、thick this44、bath bathe45、breath breathe46、cloth clothe*I think you should thank her. 我觉得你应该感谢她。There are thirty-three thrushes in the trees. 树上有三十三只画眉。Cathy went through the exam. 凯西通过了考试。Thirteen drummers are thumping drums. 十三个鼓手敲着鼓。What do you think about this thing? 你对此事怎么想？This is better than that. 这个比那个好。He is bathing in the hotel. 他在旅店里洗澡。This one is better than that one. 这个比那个好。Those clothes are bought by my mother. 那些衣服是我母亲买的。His father and mother will come this weekend. 他父亲这周末会来。*I thought a thought but the thought I thought I thought was not the thought I thought. If the thought I thought had been the thought I thought I thought, I would not have thought so much.我有一种想法，但我的这种想法不是我曾想到的那种想法。如果这种想法是我曾想到的那种想法，我就不会想那么多了。Id rather bathe in a southern sea than wear thick clothes as northerners do.我宁愿整日泡在南方的海水里，也不愿像北方人一样穿着厚厚的衣服。*另外要注意/T/、/D/和/s/、/z/、/t/、/d/、/f/的区别：47、thin sin48、thing sing49、faith face50、mouth mouse51、breathe breeze52、clothe close53、writhe rise54、seethe seize55、thank tank56、theme team57、thick tick58、thought taught59、there dare60、they day61、those doze62、thus dust63、thirst first64、thought fought-（7） /S/ : sure, occasion, passion, expression, she, shoe, fish, Washington, attention, station, fiction, /Z/ : vision, decision, occasion, pleasure, treasure, leisure, *fish, television*she, shift, shock, shake, shoe, ship, should, shop, shame, shoutmeasure, leisure, vision, occasion, pleasure, usual, casual, seizure, treasure, massage*share the sunshine 享受阳光a flash shot 闪电的一击shaking shoulders 摇动的肩膀show the ship 展示这艘船short of cash 缺少现金measure the television 测量电视机usual pleasure 一如既往的快乐see a vision casually 偶尔会看到幻影unusual conclusion 不寻常的结论treasure the art treasure 珍爱艺术财富*选出你所听到的单词：65、cash leisure66、fish measure67、ship pleasure68、shoe vision*Shirley is very shy. 雪莉很害羞。Were short of cash. 我们缺少现金。Shawn should show this to me. 肖恩应该把这个给我看。Lets go share and share alike. 让我们平均分配吧。The sharp-tongued woman is shouting out sharp words. 这个刻薄的女人正在大声嚷着愤怒的话。I have some illusions on occasion. 我偶尔会有一些幻想。He has a garage. 他有一个车库。I seldom watch television. 我很少看电视。He was late again as usual. 他和往常一样又迟到了。Usually its the manager who makes the decisions. 通常由经理做出决定。*Should Shawn shave a short man with short hair or a shy man whose short legs are shaking?肖恩应该为短头发的矮个子男人修面还是应该为颤抖着短腿的害羞男人修面？George placed his broken television in the garage. In his garage there have been three broken television.乔治把他坏了的电视机放在了车库里。在他的车库里已经有三台坏电视机了。-（8） /tS/ : China, children, which, rich, watch, catch, match, switch, question, （t+y连读）about you，appreciate you， /dZ/ : orange, giant, gym, page, change, dangerous, edge, bridge, knowledge, Jack, jeep, jeans, jam, jelly, （d+y连读）did you，would you，*chicken, jeep*change, cheer, chance, cheat, cheap, Dutch, teach, reach, charming, chairage, juice, joke, job, join, orange, judge, jolly, jacket, strange*change the choice 改变选择a cheap chicken leg 一只便宜的鸡腿cheer up 振作起来cheat on the check 在支票上作假free of charge 不收费a Japanese jeep 一辆日本吉普车join in the jury 加入陪审团an aged judge 一位年长的法官traffic jam 交通阻塞jump from one job to another 跳槽*选出你所听到的单词：69、chain Jane 70、cheep jeep71、cheer jeer 72、choke joke73、batch badge 74、larch large75、rich ridge 76、catch cage* China has changed a lot these years. 这些年中国有了很大的变化。Is life a question of choice or chance? 人生是选择还是机遇？Cheer for your environment. 为你的居住环境干杯。The chairman is changing his gestures. 会长在变换着他的手势。Whats my choice for the payment, cash or check? 我可以选择什么付款方式，现金还是支票？James lost his job just now. 詹姆士刚刚失去了工作。Do you like Jacks Jazz music? 你喜欢杰克的爵士乐么？A good job is a good friend. 一份好工作是一位好朋友。Jim jogs in the jungle. 吉姆在灌木丛中慢跑。A gentle judge judges justly. 一个温和的法官公正地断案。* The chief chief chewed the cheap cheese. 首席长官咀嚼着便宜的奶酪。James the jailer changed jails chairs and chained the chairs to the jail. 狱卒詹姆士换了监狱里的椅子，并把椅子拴在牢房上。-（9） /tr/ : tree, train, truck, try, /dr/ : dress, dream, drug, children, 浊化 : street, strong, strength, *tree, dragon*troop, true, trip, trade, try, train, electric, trial, transport, trickdress, dry, drop, drink, drama, drunk, drag, dream, drift, draw*foreign trade 对外贸易another try 另一次尝试travel by train 乘火车旅行a brief introduction 一个简短的介绍a traditional training一项传统的培训dry the dress 把衣服弄干drive the cat 开车dripping drops 滴下的水滴try to drink 尝试喝酒sweet dreams 美梦*选出你所听到的单词：77、track drag78、tree dream79、truck drug80、try dry* He is trying to treat the man better. 他试着对这个男人好一点。A stranger is wandering in the streets. 一个陌生人在大街上徘徊。This truck is cheap. 这辆卡车很便宜。These trees are going to be used in a trial. 这些树将被用于一项试验。Trick or treat? 想要恶作剧还是要招待我们？（万圣节）I dreamed of playing the drum. 我梦见打鼓了。I stopped drinking. 我戒酒了。A dewdrop dropped from the leave. 露珠从树叶上落下来。George has dreadful manners. 乔治的举止令人厌恶。Joe drove his car to buy some drug. 乔开车去买药。*The tacky tractor trailers trucks. 破烂的拖拉机是用来拖卡车的。The drummers drummed. The druggers hate the drummers drum. So the druggers drugged the drummers.鼓手敲鼓。吸毒者讨厌鼓手的鼓。于是吸毒者就给鼓手下了麻药。-（10） /ts/ : cats, coats, shirts, tsunami, /dz/ : hands, words, birds, beds, *parents, friends*dates, gets, cats, shots, meets, hurts, rats, plants, bats, flightsseeds, deeds, heads, funds, hands, sands, reads, beds, fields, brands*three cats 三只猫lots of seats 很多座位in the streets 在街上eats fruits 吃水果go nuts 发疯use spades to move sands 用铁锹移沙子comfortable beds 舒适的床different minds 不同的想法my friends 我的朋友several brands 几个品牌*选出你所听到的单词：81、carts cards82、mates maids83、rates raids84、seats seeds*He has lots of cats. 他有很多只猫。The students are reading digests. 那些学生正在读文摘。One of the dentists treats me very well. 其中一个牙医对我很好。He has been thinking about these projects for many nights. 这些项目他已经想了好几个晚上了。When she meets him, she always beats him. 当她遇见他时，她就会打他。He stands there with books in hand. 他站在那里，手里拿着书。Dont store these seeds in the sands. 不要把这些种子存放在沙子里。He has three lovely birds. 他有三只可爱的小鸟。Susan holds his hands tightly. 苏珊紧紧地握住他的手。He sends cards to his friends before the New Years coming. 他在新年到来之前给朋友发明信片。*A box of biscuits, a box of mixed biscuits. Bob bought three boxes of biscuits and two boxes of mixed biscuits.一盒饼干，一盒混合饼干。鲍勃买了三盒饼干和两盒混合饼干。Edwards seeds are in that childs hands. 爱德华的种子在那个孩子的手里。-2、其他辅音8个（第2天）（11） /m/ : make, come, am, mum, /n/ : name, nine, and, ten, /N/ : thank, think, finger, sing, sang, song, *camel, ant, monkey*mouth, much, mother, must, master, make, map, mate, mile, mannight, nice, tonight, nine, knight, hunt, run, sun, lion, canlong, king, tong, song, sing, wrong, pink, link, thing, spring*make me mad 让我疯狂made in America 美国制造more and more 越来越多的a warm room 一间暖和的房间make more money 挣更多的钱no need to know 没必要知道hand in hand 手拉手narrow-minded 心胸狭小的want some coins 想要一些硬币next number 下一个号码sing a song 唱一首歌nothing wrong 没什么错的a long shopping list 一张长长的购物单the coming spring 即将到来的春天the meaning of the song 歌曲的意思*选出你所听到的单词：85、meat neat86、mere near87、mice nice88、more nor89、gone gong90、lawn long91、ran rang92、sin sing93、dim din ding94、seem seen seeing95、sum sun sung96、whim win wing*My name is Mike. 我的名字是迈克。The milk man is murmuring. 送奶工在喃喃自语。My mother is beautiful but emotional. 我的母亲很漂亮但却有些情绪化。He made coffee every morning. 每天早上他都煮咖啡。May likes that romantic film. 梅喜欢那部爱情片。She is learning another language. 她在学另外一门语言。Sit in the shade instead of in the sun. 坐在阴凉处，别坐在太阳底下。Is there anyone who is interested in knitting? 有对编织感兴趣的吗？You never know when the nonsense can be stopped. 你永远不会知道什么时候这些胡言乱语才能停止。Ann announced which train was arriving next. 安宣布了哪一趟火车即将到来。They are doing nothing now. 他们现在无所事事。He is walking along the long river. 他沿着长长的河流走着。Dont sing songs about something wrong. 不要唱不正当的歌曲。He likes coming here every morning and waking up the sleeping. 他喜欢每天早上都来这里叫醒那些还在睡觉的人。I like songs which carrying some deep meaning. 我喜欢那些有深刻含义的歌曲。*I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice c