语言与文化模拟测试题2.doc

第一部分选择题I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.（20% )1. Culture can be defined as the attributes of man or _of a population. ( ) A. behavior B. phenomenon C. life way D. institution2. Language is an instrument used in the _of thought. ( ) A. patterns B. structure C function D. communication3. _is what is communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes a message, in terms of ordering, focus, or emphasis. ( ) A. Conceptual meaning B. Thematic meaning C. Social meaning D. Affective meaning4. Kangaroo is a word that refers to _related features. ( ) A. history B. geography C. politics D. living style5. _is a noble man holding the highest hereditary tide outside the royal family. ( ) A. Duke B. Knight C. Hippie D. Cowboy6. 再见 in Chinese convey the wish A. Good luck for you B. God be with you” C. Buddha be with you” D. Looking forward to seeing you again7. If someone says, What a big house youve got.” the complimented might respond, ( ) A. Thank you, it s just so so B. No, it is quite small C. Really? I think its not big enough to live in D. Thank you . Its quite big, I was lucky to be able to get it8. Mr. Right corresponds to_. ( ) A. 白马王子 B.绝代佳人 C. 大男子主义 D. 天之娇子 9. To throw me a curveball” is derived from ( ) A. football B. baseball C. basketball D. handball10. _is the planet second in order from the sun, derived from the Roman goddess of love and beauty. ( ) A. Venus B. Jupiter C. Uranium D. March11. The_color is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions. ( ) A. white B. black C. red D. blue12. Analogy is often made in English between_and people who are rude or hot - tempered or people with high intelligence or remarkable power of endurance. ( ) A. bears B. horses C. monkeys D. foxes 13. _are defined as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social superior. ( ) A. Honorifics B. Terms of humility C. Euphemisms D. Taboos14. According to the degree of sounding pleasant, the euphemisms for the word old canbe arranged in the order of , from the least to the most. ( ) A. elderly people, old people, senior citizens B. old people, elderly people, senior citizens C. elderly people, senior citizens, old people D. 01d people, senior citizens, elderly people15. Negro and 回回 are clear cases of ( ) A. swear words B. verbal taboos C. racist language D. terms of humility16. 谨祝编安 can be translated into ( ) A. Merry word to you B. Happy day to you C. Wish you do well in your editorial work D. Best wishes17. If someone heard that he had been admitted to the famous university, he whispered to himself, I m the luckiest man in the world. He used_here. A. simile B. metaphor C. association D. hyperbole18. Santa Claus” is a loan word from ( ) A. French B. German C. Dutch D. Indian19. In most English speaking countries prostitution is legal. That is why _can be advertised through mass media in English culture. ( ) A. sexual service B. domestic service C. medicines D. products20. The OK gesture and the solute gesture are typical cases of ( ) A. illustrators B. emblems C. affect displays D. adapters II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement .There might be more than one correct answer (10%)21 .The properties of culture are ( ) A. Culture is human specific B. Culture is general and abstract C. Culture is a national phenomenon D. Culture is a historical phenomenon22. Word_are pejorative in meaning in English but are positive or neutral in Chinese. ( ) A. ambitious B. do - gooder C. capitalist D. propaganda23. _are weapon names in English. ( ) A. Gerald B. Oscar C. Henry D. Giles24. In English_are often used together with the addressees given name. ( ) A. brother B. Sister C. uncle D. aunt25._are related to religion. ( ) A. Jupiter B. A Solomon C. The garden of Eden D. The old Adam26. English speaking people often use ( ) A. green with envy B. green - eyed C. green - eyed monsters D. red- eyed27. _are the euphemisms for the word poor in official documents in English. ( ) A. Needed B. Needy C. Underprivileged D. Disadvantaged28. The styles of language include ( ) A. frozen B. formal C. casual D. intimate29. The letter i in the missile can be pronounced as _in American English. ( ) 30. The basic categories of human territory are ( ) A. Primary territory B. Secondary territory C. Third territory D. Public territory第二部分非选择题III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collective meaning can be brought together under the heading_.32. Language is _means that only human beings possess what can be called language in the true sense of the term.33. It is often said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese a _ one.34. _ is the contracted form of God be with you and therefore carries a religious connotation, though it corresponds to 再见 functionally, while 再见 convey the warm wish to see each other again.35. The English proverbial equivalent for 勿以貌取人 is_36. A is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by like or “as _37. in both English and Chinese excreta and the acts of human excretion are to be avoided in_.38. In the five styles of language, _style is used for conducting most business matters, but not among close friends.39. Generally speaking, the American English is the product of_.40. The V - shaped gesture means victory, which was created by _during World War II.41. Handshaking and hugging between close friends can be interpreted as_42. _time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives. IV. Answer the following questions briefly. 12%43. What are late- late TV shows?44. Where is the strait of Messina?45.What similarities and differences can you find between white and 白?46. Can the four categories of logical relationships be found between adjoining paragraphs?47. Why is English culture often referred to as noncontact culture?48. What are the major differences between English and Chinese speakers in postures?V. Translation. (16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8 % )49. All are of the dust, and all turn to the dust again.50. He that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.51. The child is father of the man.52. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.B. Translate the following into English. (8%)53久仰，久仰大名。54前车之覆，后车之鉴。55她没告诉你该干什么吗? 不，告诉了。56金无足赤，人无完人。VI. Define the following terms. ( 10% 57. text58. phrasal verbs59. journalism60. psychological time orientation61. standard appellativeVII. Discuss the following topics : 20 % 62. Discuss the conceptual and cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms.63. Discuss why some Chinese learners of English speak English as if they were reading aloud a book? 语言与文化标准预测试卷(二)参考答案I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C 1 2.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.A 20. BII.21.ABCD 22. BD 23.ABD 24.CD 25.BCD 26.ABC 27.BCD 28.ABCD 29.BC 30. ABDIII. 31. associative meaning 32. human - specific 33.paratactic 34. Good - bye 35. Judge not according to appearance 36. simile 37. polite conversations 38. consultation 39. Britain s maritime expansion 40. Winston Churchill 41. friend ship - warmth touch 42. PsychologicalIV. 43. Late - late TV shows are filthy TV shows that are on late at night.44. The strait of Messina lies between the southern coast of Italian peninsula and the island of Sicily.45. In both English and Chinese, white (白) has similar connotations: purity, innocence. But white and 白 might often be used in different ways. White is not necessarily associated with something good, while 白 seems to have more metaphorical connotations than its English equivalent.46. Yes, they can be used to link paragraphs.47. Because the English speaking people feel more comfortable when communicating at greater distances.48. Generally speaking, English speakers postures are more casual than Chinese speakers. English speakers may also look more aggressive than Chinese speakers.V.A.49. 人人来自泥土，又变回泥土。 50.知识越广，遗憾越多。 51. 从小知其人。 52. 他的话使我感到很不是滋味。B.53. Ive heard a lot about you. /Your name is well known here to us.54. Let anothers shipwreck be your seamark.55.-Hasht she told you what to do? -Yes, she has.56. There are less to every wine.VI. 57. The term text refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete meaning.58. Phrasal verbs are one type of idioms, consisting of a verb and a particle, either an adverb or a preposition or of a verb, a noun and a preposition.59. The term journalism is defined as anything that appears in newspapers or magazines or anything that is written by a journalist.60. Psychological time orientation refers to how people feel, think or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives. There are three psychological.61 . Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather, etc. can all be used as vocatives and are terms as standard appellatives.VII.62.In both English and Chinese, there is one - to - one correspondence only in 父 vs. father, 母 vs. mother, 儿 vs. son, and 女 vs. daughter . Although the distinction between blood relatives and spouse relative is made in both English and Chinese, the distinction between paternal and maternal relatives is often ignored in English, as in grandfather, grandmother, grandson ,granddaughter, etc. the distinction between 兄 and 弟”, 姐 and 妹妹”, 伯父 and 叔父, 伯母 and ,叔母 is ignored in English. That is, the seniority among relatives of the same generation or the age factor becomes blurred. In English kinship terms the distinction between male and females relatives, as well as the distinction between paternal and maternal relatives, and the distinction made according to the seniority of relatives of the same generation, is ignored in cousin . In short, in English more inclusive terms are preferred, while in Chinese finely tuned terms are used to refer to relatives. In English speaking countries independence is highly valued. As a result, couples or parents and their under grown children live together to form what are called nuclear families. In this situation the finely tuned kinship terms may not be necessary. In contrast, the kinship relationship was very important in ancient China and remains so at least in the rural areas. 四世