初中现在完成时讲解和练习_.doc

现在完成时I. 定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II. 现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词) 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 现在完成时的时间状语1. ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来） 等词连用2.Since+时间点，for+时间段 ，in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I cant find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用IV. 现在完成时的用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for时间段”或“since时间点”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/.in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了六过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词：AAA型 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put putshut shut shut spread spread spread set set set read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型 become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept keptlay laid laid lead led led lose lost lostmake made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtwin won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grown know knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shakensing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keep go out-be out begin-be oncome/arrive/reach/get to-be in leave -be away finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代start, begin 2“beup”代get up3“beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had 16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/ have been the Partys member/ 现在完成时练习（一）一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、 单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ .has changed; well changed ; goodhas changed better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years .was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university20、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish21、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in22、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away24. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in24.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened25.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon . A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book?- Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ _ the park just now.3) John _ _ England since he came back. 4) How long _you _ _ this village?5) The Smiths _ _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ _ America? - Yes, I _ _ there many times.7) I _ _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ _ the farm.9) When_ _ he _ _? He _ _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ _ there before.五、 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. 现在完成时练习（二）单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（2014呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous w