not的多种用法.doc

一 . not 的位置1. not 可以置于 be 动词、情态动词及助动词之后，构成否定句。除了 am 和 not ， may 和 not 不能合写之外，其余的一般都可以和 not 合写。例如：（ 1 ） He is not （ isnt ） a man to give things up easily.他不是一个随便放弃的人。（ 2 ） He can not （ cannot, cant ） speak Chinese as well as Tom.他的汉语没有汤姆讲得那么好。（ 3 ） You did not （ didnt ） know how worried I was about you at that time.你不知道那时我是多么地担心你！注： had better do sth, would rather do sth, would like to do sth. 和 be about to do sth. 的否定形式分别是 had better not do sth, would rather not do sth, would like not to do sth. 和 be about not to do sth ； used to 的否定形式是 usednt to 或 didnt use to 。例如：（ 4 ） Youd better not eat too much chocolate, or youll get too fat.你最好不要吃太多的巧克力，否则身体会发胖的。（ 5 ） I would rather not accept his present.我宁愿不要他的礼物。2. not 可以置于分词、不定式和动名词之前，构成非谓语动词的否定形式。例如：（ 1 ） Not having received any reply from Tom, Mary decided to write to him again.由于没收到汤姆的回音，玛丽决定再给他写封信。（ 2 ） He kept silent over the matter in order not to lose his job.他对这件事保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的这份工作。（ 3 ） She was very upset for not having been invited to the party.她因没有被邀请去参加晚会而感到很伤心。3. not 的位置转移：（ 1 ）主句的主语是第一人称 we 和 I ，谓语动词是 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等时，常将其后宾语从句中的否定词 not 前移至这些动词之前。这种语法现象称之为否定转移。例如： I dont think the film is intended for children.我觉得这部电影不适合儿童看。 We dont believe he stole money from the stop.我们相信他不会偷那店铺里的钱。（ 2 ）若用“ It is / was that ”去强调 until 引导的状语从句，主句中又有否定词 not ，则常将 not 和 until 放在一起加以强调。例如：It was not until he told me that I had an idea about it.直到他告诉我，我才明白这件事。（ 3 ）当 not until, not only （ but also ）， not for a moment, not a single 等位于句首时，有关分句的主语和谓语要倒装。例如： Not only has he been to London but also he worked there for a time.他不仅去过伦敦，而且还在那里工作过一段时间。（ not only 后面的分句中的主语和谓语倒装， but also 后面分句中的主语和谓语不倒装。） Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of your story.他从来都没怀疑过你的故事的真实性。（ 4 ）“ dont + 动词原形”可以构成祈使句的否定形式。若强调这种祈使句中的主语，则需在动词原形前面加上主语（这时主语需要重读），也就是用“ dont + 主语 + 动词原形”结构。例如： Dont make any noise.请不要吵闹。 Dont you make any noise.请你不要吵闹。（ 5 ）“ Why not + 动词原形”是“ Why dont you + 动词原形”的省略形式，表示建议或劝告。例如：If you still havent made any final decision, why not go to our teacher for some advice?要是你现在还没有最后下定决心的话，那你为什么不去找老师征求意见呢？二 . not 的肯定意义及否定意义1. not 和某些词搭配使用时，可以表示肯定意义。（ 1 ） not until / not until 意为“直到才”； not only but also 意为“不但而且”； not a few （ = many ）意为“很多”； not a little （ = very, much ）意为“很”或“非常”。例如： Not until he failed did he realize what mistakes he had made.直到失败了他才明白他所犯的错误是什么性质。 After a whole days work, I was not a little tired.过去一整天，我感到很累。（ 2 ） not 和某些词语搭配，构成双重否定：not without 没有哪次不； cannot too 怎么样都不为过分； not but 没有不； too not to do sth. 太 / 非常不会不做某事； not fail to do sth. 成功地做某事； not rather than 没有不。例如： I cannot see the picture without thinking of my mother.我每次见到这张相片都想起我的妈妈。 You cannot be too careful while driving.开车时你怎么小心都不为过。 Now there isnt any dictionary but has one or two misprints.现在哪本字典都会有一两处印刷错误。 Xiao Ming is too clever not to avoid such mistakes.小明很聪明，会避免这种错误的。 He doesnt fail to write to his parents every month.他每月都给他的父母写信。 In that school not any lessons are held in languages rather than English.在那个学校每门课程都是用英语讲授的。2. not 与一些代词连用，表示部分否定：not both 或 both not 意为“并非两者都”； not every 或 every not 意为“并非每个都”； not all 或 all not 意为“并非全部都”； not everything 或 everything not 意为“并非每一件事都”。例如： Not both of his parents are at home.他的父母并非都在家。 Not everyone in our class likes pop music.我们班的同学并非个个都喜欢流行音乐。 Not all the members of my family are TV lovers.我们家并非人人都爱看电视。3. “ not A or B ”表示“不是 A 也不是 B ”；“ not A and B ”表示“是 A 而不是 B ”；“ not A but B ”表示“不是 A 而是 B ”；“ more A than B ”表示“与其说 B 倒不如说 A ”。例如： He is not rich and kind. （意为： He is rich but not kind. ）他为富不仁。 He is not rich or kind. （意为： He is neither rich nor kind. ）他不富裕也不仁慈。 Not you but he is to blame for it.不是你而是他将为这件事受到责备。 He is more uneducated than stupid.与其说他脑子笨倒不如说他没有受过教育。三 . not 代替代词。一般说来，若是同意或认可对方说的话用 so 来代替，若是不同意或不认可对方的话则用 not 来代替，以避免重复。例如： Do you think it will be fine tomorrow?你认为明天天气好吗？ I think so.我想是这样。 I think not. （ = I dont think so. ）我想天气不会好的。四 . not 与 no 的区别：1. 词性上的区别： not 只用作副词，而 no 可以用作形容词。比较：Now I have no money on me.Now I have not any money on me.2. 语用上的区别： not 表示一般的否定描述，而 no 则表示强烈的否定意义。例如：（ 1 ） He is not a writer.他不是作家。（ 2 ） He is no writer.他决不是作家。NO.1 Good good study, day day up。好好学习，天天向上NO.2 How are you ? How old are you?怎么是你，怎么老是你？NO.3 You have seed. I will give you some color to see see. Brothers！Together up! 你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！NO.4 You ask me，me ask who？你问我，我问谁？NO.5 We two who and who?咱俩谁跟谁？NO.6 No three no four。不三不四NO.7 Horse horse tiger tiger马马虎虎NO.8 One car come, one car go, two car pengpeng, one car died!关于一场车祸的描述NO.9 people mountain people sea人山人海NO.10 If you want money, I have no; if you want life, I have one!要钱没有，要命一条改变人生的20件小事1. Stay positive. You can listen to the cynics and doubters and believe that success is impossible or you can know that with faith and an optimistic attitude all things are possible.保持积极乐观的心态。你可以选择听愤青和怀疑论者在那里叨念“成功是不可能的”，你也可以选择坚守信仰，保持乐观的心态，相信“万事皆有可能”。2. When you wake up in the morning complete the following statement: My purpose is_.每天早上起床的时候，就想想怎么填完整下面这句话：我的目标是_。3. Take a morning walk of gratitude. It will create a fertile mind ready for success.每天早晨进行一次“感恩散步”，这会滋养你的精神沃土，为成功做好准备。4. Instead of being disappointed about where you are. Think optimistically about where you are going.与其对你现在所处的位置感到失望，不如乐观地想想你前进的方向。5. Eat. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a college kid with a maxed out charge card.吃东西。早餐吃得像国王，午餐吃得像王子，晚餐吃得像用光了赊账卡限额的学生。6. Remember that adversity is not a dead-end but a detour to a better outcome.记住，逆境并不是尽头，而是更好的结果的一个转角而已。7. Focus on learning, loving, growing and serving.专注于学习、关爱、成长和服务。8. Believe that everything happens for a reason. Expect good things to come out of challenging experiences.你要相信凡事皆有因果。面对挑战才能有好事降临。9. Dont waste your precious energy on gossip, energy vampires, issues of the past, negative thoughts or things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.别在流言蜚语上、过去的事情上、消极的想法上和你不能控制的事情上浪费你宝贵的精力。相反，积极的当下时刻才是你需要花精力的地方。10. Mentor someone and be mentored by someone.指导别人，同时也接受别人的指导。11. Life isnt fair, but its still good.生活就是不公平的，但还过得下去。12. Remember theres no substitute for hard work.什么也代替不了努力工作。13. Each day when you wake up in the morning ask: “What are the three most important things I need to do today that will help me create the success I desire?” Then tune out all the distractions and focus on these actions.每天早晨起来问问自己：”今天我要做哪三件可以助我成功的事情？“然后抛开杂念，全神贯注完成这些事情。14. Complaining is like vomiting. Aft