高中英语代词详解.doc

高中英语代词详解代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。1、人称代词 （1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：Heistallerthanme/I.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.ZhangaskedLiHuaandmetohelphim.2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own + n=.ofonesown句式的转换。3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语或用于某些成语中。enjoyoneself,feeloneself,makeoneselfathome,makeoneselfunderstood foroneself为自己或独立地，ofoneself自然地，自动地byoneself独自地，inoneself本身性质Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.（相互共同）4.相互代词（eachother,oneanother）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为eachothers、oneanothers,作定语。一般来说，eachother指两者之间，oneanother指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。注意人称代词It 的用法（1.）John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.（指代上下文提到的相同事物）；Its time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ？ / It is getting warmer and warmer./ Its very quiet at the moment.（可指时间、天气、环境等）（2）在没有说明对象的性别时 如 It is a lovely child.（2.）引导词A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。Its important for us to learn a second language./ Its no use talking to him./ Its known to all that the earth goes round the sun.B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others. He made it clear that he would leave the city.C.用在一些固定结构中：It is （was） +被强调部分+that （或who） See to it that= make sure that when it comes to make it5.指示代词（this,that,these,those,such,same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。指示代词this和that的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours. Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthan_ofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthan_ofafox.Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as_ made in Shanghaithis在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。6、疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? Whose umbrella is this? （1）who/what 询问姓名或关系。Whoishe?Heismybrother./HeisHenry.询问职业或地位。Whatishe？Heisalawyer/teacher.(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。Ifoundtwobooksonthedesk. Whichisyours?7.连接代词和关系代词8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用，注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。HehassomeChinesepaintings.Somelikesports,otherslikemusic. Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?Idontknowanyofthestudents.特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Anychildcandothat.（定语）Youmaytakeanyofthem.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。SmithwenttosomeplaceinEngland.（定语）在期待对方回答yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?（邀请）Mum, couldyougivemesomemoney?(请求)some用于否定句表示部分否定。Idontknowsomeofthestudents.some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：Therearesome300workersonstrike.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?(2)one,both,allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself.Oneshouldtryonesbesttoservethepeople.ThisisnottheoneIwant.one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：Thesebooksaremoreinterestingthanthoseones.Herearethreepens.Whichoneisyours,thisoneorthatoneortheoneinthepencil-box?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。Bothoftheboysarehere. Webotharestudents.注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Bothofusarenotteachers. Neitherofusisateacher.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。Hegavemeallthemoney. Alltheschoolsareflooded.注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Notalltheantsgooutforfood.(or: Alltheantsdontgooutforfood.)Noneofthemoneyismine.（3）many和much （4）few,little;afew,alittle 注意：a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)（5）no/ none/nothing/nobodyno=notany,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语.注意：none既可以指人又可以指物,相当于no+名词；可回答how many/much 的提问，可与of 连用，而noone=nobody只能指人，不与of 连用。nothing指物，可回答what的提问，不与of连用。（6）each和everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Everystudentin ourclasshasadictionary.=All the students(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Eachstudentinourclasshasadictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Eachofthemhasbeenthere.（主语）Weeachgotaticket.（同位语）（7）either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Herearetwopens.Youmaytakeeitherofthem.(宾语)NeitherboyknowsFrench.(定语)注意：either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。Hedoesnt liketea,andIdonteither.either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。Hecantdoit,_ I.neither可与nor连用，意为“既不也不”。Neitherhenoryou_astudent.（8）other和another,theothers和otherstheother表示“两者中的另一个”；“theother+复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；theothers表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other+复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：Hegottwobooks;oneistextbook,theotherisanovel.Fiveofthepencilsarered,theothers(theotherpens)areyellow.Somearesinging,othersaredancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。Thiscoatistoodark.Pleaseshowmeanother.(宾语)Pleasegivemeanotherbook.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Pleasegivemeanothertenminutes.oneanother(asecond)athird , theother意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some others ,others，意为“一些一些一些”。 过关测试【2012全国II】9. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it【2012四川卷】2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it【2012江西卷】23My brother would like to buy a good watch butwas available from that shop. AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither【2012重庆卷】21.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?-_.Ill be off to London then.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None【2012北京卷】 If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you getfor me?A.oneB.suchC.thisD.that【2012浙江卷】5._Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds.A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all【2012江苏卷】23.Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. eitherB. anotherC. neitherD. none【2012陕西卷】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it【2012全国新课程】31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, butof them wants to, because they have work to do.A. eitherB. any C. neitherD. none【2012山东卷】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoever B. whereverC. whatever D. however【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase.A. themB. thoseC. itD. that【2011天津卷,1】We feelour duty to make our country a better place.A. itB. thisC. thatD. one【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.A. eitherB. allC. noneD. neither【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. itB. themC. herD. that【2011福建卷,21】We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests.A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else.A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere【2011四川卷,3】There isin his words. We should have a try.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything【2011重庆卷,27】Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think ofover there?A. the oneB. thisC. itD. that【2011陕西卷,16】Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?one?A. OtherB. EveryC. AnotherD. More【2011湖南卷,24】I knew that_ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing【2011辽宁卷,27】Would you like tea or coffee?, thank you. Ive just had some water.A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither【2011江西卷25】Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. thatB. itC. hisD. him10福建When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please sayfor me?A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing10上海If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves10安徽You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea