词形变化归纳.doc

中考英语复习词形归纳一、名词的复数形式构成：1.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数（1）加s，如：cafes, giraffes（2）去f，fe加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveslife-liveswolf-wolvesthief-thievesself-selveswife-wivesshelf-shelves歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改f（e）为v，再加es，2.以o结尾的名词，变复数（1）加s，如：photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zooskilo-kilos（2）加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesmangoes, Negro-Negroeshero-heroes歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃芒果、西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这五个以o结尾的名词加es外，其余的以o结尾的名词加s。3.表示“国家”的名词变复数Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-CanadiansAmerican-Americans歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余s加后面。4.以复数形式出现的名词goods货物trousers/pants /jeans /shorts裤子clothes衣服 glasses眼镜5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。（2）news是不可数名词。（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数如：man worker-men workers（男工人）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）7.以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。例如：baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories, party-parties, lady-ladies, diary-diaries, century-centuriescopy-copies country, company, factory, family, memory, enemy, hobby, dictionary, university8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加es，如：class-classesbus-buses, boss-bosses class, glass, dress, box-boxes, foxes,watch-watchesspeech-speeches, , beach-beacheschurch-churches, sandwiches, coaches, matches, inches, brush-brushes dishes, wishes, fishes9.其他不规则变化man-menwoman-womengoose-geesefoot-feettooth-teethchild-childrenfish-fishdeer-deersheep-sheepmouse-mice fisherman-fishermen, policeman, chairman, spaceman, postman, salesman, snowman歌诀记忆：男人（man）女人（woman）a变e，鹅（goose）足（foot）牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）不用变。注 fish指鱼的种类时，要加上es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。二、代词 （人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhe/she/itthey宾格meusyouyouhim/her/itthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves三、数词 （基数词、序数词、分数、百分数）first second third fifth twelfth eighth ninth twentieth fortieth ninetieth twenty-first基变序， 有规律，末尾加上th；一二三特殊记，八减t, 九去e, ve 要用f 替；y结尾变ie, 后跟th 莫忘记；若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。四、形容词和副词 （原级、比较级、最高级）(1)一般在词尾加er/est: greatgreatergreatest, youngyoungeryoungest, slowslowerslowest(2)以e结尾的词加r/st: nicenicernicest, largelargerlargest, huge, wise, wide, fine, late(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y改i再加er/est:heavyheavierheaviest,easyeasiereasiest,busybusierbusiest, funnyfunnierfunniest, earlyearlierearliest, lucky, healthy, lazy, angry, happy, hungry(4)以一个读短音的元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，双写该辅音字母再加er/est:bigbiggerbiggest, thinthinnerthinnest, fatfatterfattest,fitfitterfittest, wetwetterwettest, hothotterhottest, mad, sad, glad(5)多音节词在其前加more/most:carefulmore carefulmost careful ，usefulmore usefulmost usefulpopularmore popularmost popular, slowlymore slowlymost slowlycarelesslymore carelesslymost carelessly, more politely-most politely(6)不规则变化的词goodwellbetterbest ; badillbadlyworseworstmanymuchmoremost; littlelessleastoldolderelderoldest（指年龄大小）eldest（指长幼顺序）farfartherfurtherfarthest（指距离）furthest（指程度）五、动词：（原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词）1. 第三人称单数：(1)-s buys, stays, plays, enjoys, destroys, says, ties, lies, waits, shops, begins(2)-es brush, rush, push, fish, wish, wash, teach, watch, catch, match, search, dress, miss, discuss, fix, relax do , go(3)去y加ies carry, hurry, worry, try, cry, dry(v.), fly, reply, copy, study, tidy (v), 2. 现在分词：(1)-ing waiting, raining, happening, visiting, suffering, seeing(2)去e加 ing give, leave, have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause, prepare(3)双写辅音字母加ing sit, hit, cut, put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit begin, plan, win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap, rob, rub, kidnap, shop, drop 注意：prefer, travel, quarrel, control(4) ie-ying die, lie, tie dying, lying, tying3. 过去式/过去分词 （规则变化）(1)-ed enjoyed, destroyed, stayed, played, waited, rained, happened, visited, suffered(2)e-d advise, ache, practice, arrive, believe, receive, refuse, share, continue, breathe, notice, manage, celebrate, change, score, communicate, dance, decide, describe, force, divide, encourage, hate, hope, move, waste, exercise, imagine, increase, cause, compare, care, complete, introduce, produce, provide, prove, promise, invite, praise, prepare, (3)双写辅音字母加ed chat, fit, clap, stop, step, shop, drop, rub, rob, kidnap, jog, plan, nod, prefer, travel, quarrel, control(4)去y 加 ied study, carry, hurry, worry, dry, try, cry, copy, reply, tidy(v.)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：A.三形相同(AAA型): cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shut, spreadB.两形相同 1) 原形与过去分词相同: (ABA型) become-became-become, come-came-come, run-ran-run 2) 原形与过去式相同 （AAB型） beat-beat-beaten 3) 过去式与过去分词相同: （ABB型）bring-brought, buy-bought, fight-fought, think-thought,catch-caught, teach-taughtbuild-built, lend-lent, send-sent, spend-spent;burn-burned/burnt, dream-dreamed/dreamt, learn-learned/learnt, smell-smelled/smelt, spell-spelled/speltpay-paid, say-said, lay-laid sell-sold, tell-toldkeep-kept, sleep-slept, sweep-swept, get-got, shine-shone, win-won, sit-sat, stick-stuck, dig-dug, hold-held, hang-hung, stand-stood, understand-understood, feel-felt, find-found,meet-met, feed-fed, bleed-bled, lead-led, shoot-shothave-had, leave-left, lose-lost, make-made, hear-heard, deal-dealt, mean-meantC.三形不同(ABC型)begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk, sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung，swim-swam-swum , drive-drove-driven, rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, forgive-forgave-forgiven; ride-rode-ridden, write-wrote-written,forget-forgot-forgotten,hide-hid-hidden,bite-bit-bittenblow-blew-blown, grow-grew-grown, know-knew-known, throw-threw-thrown, show-showed-shown, fly-flew-flown, draw-drew-drawn, break-broke-broken, speak-spoke-spoken, steal-stole-stolen,choose-chose-chosen, freeze-froze-frozen, wake-woke-woken,take-took-taken, shake-shook-shaken, mistake-mistook-mistaken, tear-tore-torn, wear-wore-wornsee-saw-seen, go-went-gone, fall-fell-fallen, eat-ate-eaten, do-did-done, be-was/were-beenlie-lay-lain , 六、构词法：1) v. n. -ment: treatment, movement, excitement, improvement, development, agreement, advertisement, achievement, punishment, encouragement-ion : invention, collection, direction, action, attraction, suggestion, discussion, connection, instruction, introduce-introduction去e加ion: educate, donate, celebrate, operate, communicate, graduate, congratulate, create,去e加ation: prepare, invite, organize, imagine, examinede sion decide-decision conclude-conclusion(结论)-ing: training, meaning, acting, building, meeting, greeting, feeling, shaking, warning-or director, actor, visitor, inventor,-er player, reader, leader, owner, worker, teacher, speaker, waiter, supporter, farmer, reporter driver, dancer, writer, producer, manager winner, runner, swimmer, robber, kidnapper, shopper, traveller-ress waitress, actressn. -ist science- scientist, artist, touristn.-er/r prisoner, villager,2) adj. n.-ness illness, sickness, kindness, sadness (un)happiness, business, ugliness-y/ty difficulty, safety; able=ability-er/r foreigner, strangert ce different, silent, important, patient, confident-th long-length. strong-strength, warmth, true-truth wide-width, deep-depth3) n. adj.-ous dangerous, humorous, poisonous-ern eastern, western, southern, northern-able suitable, comfortable, fashionable, enjoyable , value-valuable,-al national, international, educational, traditional, musical, personal natural, cultural, practical-y lucky, healthy, sleepy, sporty, dirty, rainy, snowy, cloudy, windy, funny, sunny, foggy noise-noisy, taste-tasty, shine-shiny-ly lovely, lively, friendly, lonely, daily, weekly-ful careful, useful, harmful, helpful, hopeful, meaningful, successful-less careless, useless, harmless, meaningless, endless, homeless-n American, Australian, Indian, Russian, Asian, African, European, Canada-Canadian,-en wool(l)en, wooden, golden4) v. adj.-ed surprised, amazed, bored, excited, tired, interested, frightened, relaxed, satisfied, worried -ing surprising, amazing, boring, exciting, tiring, interesting, frightening, relaxing, satisfying sleeping, living, coming, smiling,-ive active, attractive, detective, create- creative, imagine-imaginative,a- alive, asleep, awake5) adj. adv.-ly quickly, quietly, sadly, slowly, carefully, hopefully, successfully, excitedlyle变为ly gently, possibly, probably, (un)comfortably, terribly, simply去y 加ily busy, happy, easy, lazy, heavy, crazy, (un)lucky, (un)healthy, noisy, necessary去e加ly true-truly6) 前缀：dis- v. dislike, disagree, disappear adj. dishonest n. disadvantage im- impossible, impatient, impolitein- incorrect, incomplete(不完整的), inconvenient (不便利的), inactiveir- irregularun- unable, unkind, unfriendly, unusual, uncommon, unlucky, unhealthy, unwelcome, unfairunnecessary, unpleasant , unimportant, unpopular, uncomfortable 1 achieve (v.)achievement(n.)2 active(adj.)actively(adv.)activity(n.)3 annoy(v.) annoyed(adj.)4 beauty(n.)beautiful(adj.)beautifully(adv.)5 break(v.) broken(adj.)6 care(n.)careless(adj.careful(adj.)carefully(adv.)7 complete(adj.) completely(adv.)8 confident(adj.)confidently(adv.) confidence(n.)9 convenient(adj.)conveniently(adv.)10 correct(adj.) correctly(adv.)11 create (v.) creative(adj.)12 crowd(v.) crowded(adj.) uncrowded(adj.)13 die(v.) death(n.) dead(adj.)14 deep(adj.) deeply(adv.)15 develop(v.)developing(adj.developed(adj.) development(n.)16 different(adj.differently(adv.)17 direct(adj.) directly(adv.) director(n.)18 honest(adj.) dishonest(adj.)19 donate(v.) donation(n.)20 easy(adj.) easily(adv.)21 east(n.) eastern(adj.)22 educate(v.) education(n.) educational(adj.)23 embarrassing(adj.) embarrassed(adj.)24 danger(n.) dangerous(adj.)25 energy(n.) energetic(adj.)26 farm(n.) farmer(n.)27 final(adj.) finally(adv.)28 friend(n.) friendly(adj.) friendship(n.)29 frustrate(v.)frustrating(adj.) frustrated(adj.)30 gentle(adj.) gently(adv.)31 happy(adj.unhappyhappily(adv.)happiness(n.)32 help(v./n.) helpful(adj.)33 important(adj.) importance(n.)34 impress(v.) impressed(adj.)35 include(v.) including(prep.)36 interest(v.)interesting(adj.)interested(adv.)37 invent(v.) inventor(n.) invention(n.)38 knowledge(n.knowledgeable(adj.)39 lead(v.) leader(n.)40 learn(v.) learner(n.)41 listen(v.) listener(n.)42 main(adj.) mainly(adv.)43 medicine(n.) medical(adj.)44 memory(n.) memorize(v.)45 mislead(v.) misleading(adj.)46 mix(v.) mixture(n.)47 most(adj.) mostly(adv.)48 mystery(n.) mysterious(adj.)49 neighbor(n.) neighborhood(n.)50 noise(n.) noisy(adj.)51 normal(adj.) normally(adv.)52 organize(v.) organized(adj.) organization(n.)53 own(v./adj.) owner(n.)54 patient(adj.) impatient(adj.)55 peace(n.) peaceful(adj.)56 photograph(n.)photographer(n.)photography(n.)57 play(v.) playful(adj.)58 please(v.)pleasant(adj.)pleased(adj.)pleasure(n.)59 poem(n.) poet(n.)60 pollute(v.) polluted(adj.) pollution(n.)61 popular(adj.) popularity(n.)62 press(v.) pressure(n.)63 produce(v.) product(n.)64 pronounce(v.) pronunciation(n.)65 proper(adj.) properly(adv.)66 quick(adj.) quickly(adv.)67 recent(adj.) recently(adv.)68 relax(v.) relaxed(adj.) relaxing(adj.)69 rude(adj.) rudely(adv.)70 safe(adj.) safely(adv.) safety(n.)71 salt(n.) salty(adj.)72 science(n.) scientist(n.) scientist(adj.)73 sell(v.) sale(n.)74 serve(v.) service(n.)75 shine(v.) shiny(adj.)76 sleep(v./n.) sleepy(adj.) asleep(adj.)77 slow(adj.) slowly(adv.)78 social(adj.) society(n.)79 soft(adj.) softly(adv.)80 solve(v.) solution(n.)81 south(n.) southern(adj.)82 special(adj.) specially(adv.)83 specific(adj.specifically(adv.)84 strong(adj.) strongly(adv.)85 succeed(v.) success(n.) successful(adj.successfully(adv86 suit(v.) suitable(adj.)87 suggest(v.) suggestion(n.)88 taste(v./n.) tasty(adj.)89 terrify(v.) terrified(adj.)90 think(v.) thought(n.)91 thrill(v.) thrilled(adj.) thrilling(adj.)92 tiring(adj.) tired(adj.)93 surprise(v./n.) surprised(adj.)94 tour(ntourist(n.touristy(adj.95 translate(v.) translator(n.)96 true(adj.) truth(n.)97 village(n.) villager(n.)98 weigh(v.) weight(n.)99 wind(n.) windy(adj.)100 wood(n.) wooden(adj.)101 worry(v./n.) worried(adj.)词缀变化中学归纳 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve-achievement 成就 advertise- advertisement/ advertising agree (in )agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue-argument争吵 commit奉献commitment compliment 称赞，恭维 develop-development disgreedisagreement department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备-equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治government 政府 manage-management 经营 管理 2V+ tion 结尾 attract吸引attraction 有吸引力的事或人 concludeconclusion 结论 competecompetition 竞争，比赛 discussdiscussion 讨论 educate-education decide-decision describedescription描写，描绘 express 表达-expression 词语；表达方式 graduate 毕业graduation operate 操作，动手术operation organize-organization instructinstruction 指导， 介绍 inventinventor / invention inviteinvitation inspire-inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的- pollute-pollution 污染 predict-prediction 预言 pronounce -pronunciation resolve 决心-resolution 决心 permit 允许-permission suggest-建议，暗示-suggestion solve解决-solution 解决方法 3V+ ance 结尾 appearappearance 外貌 ，出现 perform-performance 演出 4V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡-bathing end 结束-ending 结尾，结局 train 训练-training mean - meaning 意义 say-saying 谚语 5V+ 其他 Beg(乞讨)beggar 乞丐 behave 行为，举止-behavior know 知道-knowledge 知识 flyflight 飞行 heat 加热-heat 热量 hit 撞击-hit 轰动一时的人或物，碰撞 mix 混合-mixture 混合物 press 按，压pressure 压力 sit-seat 座位 succeed- success tour 在-旅游，在-作巡回演出 直接+地点 t tour China -tour 旅游/ tourist 游客 名词变形容词 1名词+y Anger 生气-angry hunger-hungry fogfoggy有雾的 fur-furry 毛皮的 guilt 罪恶-guilty 内疚的 health-healthy luck-lucky cloud-cloudy windwindy rain-rainy snow-snowy sunsunny tourist-touristy 游客多的 business-busy salt 盐- salty 咸的 shine-shiny 发亮的 silk 丝绸silky 丝绸般的 sleep-sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 taste 口味，品味-tasty 甜的 2.名词+ ed balance balanced 平衡的 spot 斑点，地点-spotted 有斑点的 talent-talented 有天赋的 organized 有组织的 distusted 厌恶的 offended 生气的 crowded 拥挤的 polluted 被污染的 pleased 高兴的 3名词+ ful/less meaningmeaningful 有意义的 carecareful/ careless 小心的；粗心的 help-helpful / helpless homehomeless 无家可归的 colour-colourful pain 疼痛-painful 痛苦的 use-useless/ useful thankthankful 充满感激的 peace 和平 - peaceful 平静的，宁静的 playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的 4名词+ able adjustable 可调整的 comfort-comfortable knowledge-knowledgeable suit 一套-suitable 合适的 5.名词+ ous enormous 巨大的 dangerdangerous mystery 神秘-mysterious 神秘的 6.ce 变 t confidence-confident difference-different 7. al 结尾 medicine 药-medical 医学的 music-musical nature-natural 自然的 person-personal私人的 nationnational 国家的 education-educational有教育意义的 tradition-traditional 传统的 origin起源-original 新颖的；独创的 8名词+ ly friendfriendly live-lively 活跃的，有生气的 lovelovely 可爱的 9.+ en 结尾 woodwooden 木制的 woolwoolen 羊毛的 10. 其他 energy精力-energetic fool 傻子foolish 愚蠢的 freedom 自由free 空的， 免费的 height 高度high illness 疾病- ill loveloving 慈爱的 death-dead pleasure-pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性popular pride-proud scientist-scientific 科学的 方位的词表达 名词形容词 Easteastern Westwestern Southsouthern North-northern In the wes