外交学院(二外英语)考研样题.doc

外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题二外英语（代码218）1号（代码218） Part I: Multiple Choices (20%)Section A kaoyantjDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied _ in the area on the night of the fire.网络督察 A to be B to have been C having been D be2. Thompson is the only one of the students who _ to France. 业 A has been B have been C had been D has being 3. Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. 同济西苑 A is to be analyzed B has been analyzed 659 76674 C be analyzed D should have been analyzed 4. I didnt know what to do but then an idea suddenly _ to me. 同济西苑 A happened B entered 专 C occurred D emerged 5. _ if you had lost your watch?6554 8814 A Hadnt you been upset B Werent you upset021- C Wouldnt you be upsetD Wouldnt you have upset6. John would rather that Jane _ to the party yesterday evening.021- A did not go B not go 同济 C wouldnt gone D had not gone7. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.同济 A objected to having B object to have 密云路 C were objected to have D were objected to having 8. _ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.西门 A Jumped down the burglar B Down the burglar jumpedkaoyangj C The burglar jumps down D Down jumped the burglar9. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit _ to expenses of the trip.659 76674 A to B about C in D for10. You should abide _ your promise as a man of honor.共济 A to B for C by D withSection B密云路Directions: In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that would best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Dr. Smith checked the patients signs carefully before making his statement.kaoyangj A symbols B symptoms C sinecures D synods12. Henrys news report covering the conference was so exhaustive that nothing had been omitted.1号 A understanding B comprehensible C comprehensive D underlying13. The driver stopped at the crossroad as the traffic lights flashed. A pulled off B pulled round C pulled away D pulled up 14. Motivation is a primary factor in learning. A Memorization B Aptitude C Intelligence D Incentive15. It is bad policy for the developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth. A accelerate B further C discourage D weaken16. The world market is constantly changing. We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments. A regularly B steadily C scarcely D always17. Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness. A false idea B imagination C vision D impression18. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I assumed to be his girl friend. A pretended B supposed C resumed D granted19. They built the motel on the edge of an abandoned village. A immense B deserted C well-run D remote20. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank. A destroyed B signed C folded D depositedPart II. Cloze (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D below the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchanges, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very _21_ for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite _22_ in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain _23_ when he accepts a cheque and he is quite _24_ his rights if, on occasion, he refuses to do so. People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called _25_. An old and every wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large _26_ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he _27_ to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by cheque. The assistant said that this was quite _28_, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the managers office. The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with _29_ the same name had presented them with a _30_ cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay _31_ he wanted to get into serious trouble. _32_, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the _33_ and asked him to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The not _34_: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” _35_, my friends handwriting was quite unlike the thiefs.21. A complicated B trivial C bearable D convenient22. A valueless B invaluable C valuable D indefinite23. A danger B change C risk D opportunity24. A within B beyond C without D out of25. A in difficulty B in doubt C in earnest D in question26. A amount B stock C number D store 27. A considered B thought C conceived D decided28. A in order B in need C in use D in common29. A largely B mostly C exactly D extremely30. A worth B worthy C worthwhile D worthless31. A whether B if C otherwise D unless32. A Really B Sure enough C Certainly D However33. A treatment B manner C inconvenience D behavior34. A read B told C wrote D informed35. A Unfortunately B Fortunately C Naturally D BasicallyPart III. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility. A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members of the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules. One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children. The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.36. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement _.A social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional familiesB family disorganization is more or less the result of mobilityC potential disorganization is present in the American familyD the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status37. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family _.A are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stabilityB have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from itC will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from itD can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble38. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which _.A the husband, wife, and children work too hardB the husband, wife, and children seldom get togetherC both parents have to work full timeD the family members are subject to social pressure.39. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because _.A they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinkingB they allow one to find a good job and improve ones social statusC they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parentsD they enable the children to travel around without their parents40. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members _.A are not psychologically withdrawn from one anotherB never quarrel with each other even when they disagreeC often help each other with true love and affectionD are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV setsPassage Two Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet? These are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, lawyers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that legal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonstrated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief. As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual and social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history. Starting by granting rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tribe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unalienable (不可剥夺的) rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Since the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic minorities. The next page in this history the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, plants, and the rest of the natural world is now being written, Nash believes. For a growing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root. The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is not a new one. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in the Judeo-Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part of it. However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nash says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained followers. U. S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act. Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalists and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves before bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank to prevent the river from being damned. For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned (嘲笑) for insisting that slaves were human beings with rights, todays radical environmentalists are often laughed at for suggesting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of American liberal tradition,” he says. But with the groundwork now laid for “mass participation in environmentalism,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontation with those who profit from exploitation of the environment. “If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to America before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,” Nash warns, “it is not the fault of history.”41. Radical environmentalists hold that _.A all of nature should enjoy legal and ethical protectionB all animals should have legal rights as human beingsC viruses should be eliminated from this planetD nature should be exploited in a humane way42. By “all men were created equal,” Thomas Jefferson meant that _.A all human beings should enjoy equal rightsB all white males should have equal rightsC blacks and whites should enjoy equal rightsD men and women should have equal rights43. According to the so-called deep environmentalists, _.A things in nature that have value to people should be protectedB virgin forests should be preservedC man should let rivers take their natural course and dams should not be builtD everything in nature has its intrinsic (天生的) value and should be protected44. According to the passage, Nash _.A is neutral on the question concerning the ethical rights of natureB sympathizes with the radical environmentalistsC laughs at the idea that nature deserves a place in the American liberal traditionD is scornful of the anti-slavery radicals for insisting that slaves were human beings.45. The best title for this passage might be _.A Ethics and the Natural WorldB Anti-slavery Radicals and Deep EnvironmentalistsC All men Were Created EqualD Relationship Between Human Beings and NaturePassage Three Whereas George Gershwin worked in the glare of critical and commercial success, Charles Ives worked in obscurity. Though Ives created the bulk of his output before Gershwin appeared on the scene, his music was almost completely neglected until he was “rediscovered” in the 1940s and 1950s. He earned his livelihood, for most of his adult life, in the insurance