高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略1 阅读理解之主旨大意题 新人教版必修1.ppt

路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索 走向高考 英语 人教版 高考总复习 专题突破解题策略 一 必修一 第一部分基础知识聚焦 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大 主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容 是全文的核心 是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题 把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义 主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力 考题中往往出现下列词语 subject topic theme title mainidea等 阅读理解之主旨大意题 1 采用浏览法抓住主题句 主题句通常在文章开头或结尾 而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾 主题句常出现在 总结性 语言的 信号词或短语 后 如 insummary inaword asaresult finally inshort inconclusion和inbrief等 主题句常出现在 转移话题式 语言的 信号词 后 如 but however nevertheless hence等 标题的语言特点 独特新颖 概括性强 短小精悍 典例1 2015 安徽高考b whenherfivedaughterswereyoung heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 团结 toshowthis shehelduponechopstick representingoneperson thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces next shetiedseveralchopstickstogether representingafamily sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup heleneanandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessincalifornia eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves butonebyone thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness theyopenednewrestaurantsinsanfranciscoandlosangeles eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful daughterelisabethexplains ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace withoutthestrengthofthefamily thereisnobusiness theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996 withthreegenerationsofansworkingtogether nowthean scorporationmakesmorethan 20millioneachyear althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant theyhadbigdreams andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 63 whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage a howtorunacorporationb strengthcomesfrompeacec howtoachieveabigdreamd familyunitybuildssuccess 解析 d根据第一段 heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 团结 和第三段 tosucceedwemusthaveunity 与 andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 可知 文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性 文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司 也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想 典例2 2014 浙江高考a wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime callitthepiggybankstrategy 策略 therearelessonsinthattime honoredcoin savingscontainer originallyyouhadtobreakthebanktogettothemoney bringinginasenseofseriousnessintosavings whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdomofsaving adultsoftenneedtorelearnchildhoodlessons thinkaboutthethingsinlifethatrequirelargeamountsofmoney collegeeducation weddings cars medicalcare startingabusiness buyingahome andfunstufflikegreattrips sowhenyouhavemoney takeoffthetop10 putitaside saveandinvestwisely 45 thelastparagraphtalksabout a theseriousnessofeducatingchildrenb theenjoymentoftakingagreattripc theimportanceofmanagingmoneyd thedifficultyofstartingabusiness 解析 c文章由piggybank文化谈起 介绍它名称的由来及发展 最后告诫人们要及早明智地储备好自己的钱以备后用 由文章最后一段的叙述可知人一生中需要钱的时候很多 所以最后一句话告诫人们当有钱时要储存 明智地投资 so为总结性词汇 故可知答案选c项 2 抓住段落大意 概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的 各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想 不能以偏概全 也不能在概括时过于宽泛 要恰如其分 典例3 2015 江苏高考c supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization it sverylikelythatyou llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization sactivities todoso itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework let sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved forexample peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences andtostrengthensocialrelationships ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate toselectvolunteers youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms unfortunately theseprogramscanshiftpeople swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecauseit simportanttome toanexternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecausei mrequiredtodoso whenthathappens peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime 64 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a howtogetpeopletovolunteerb howtostudyvolunteerbehaviorsc howtokeepvolunteers interestd howtoorganizevolunteeractivities 解析 a本文是一篇议论文 文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会 文章首段提出假设 假如你是一名组织领导人 很想得到志愿者的帮助 并指出在此之前 必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会 并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图 因此a项 如何使人们从事志愿者服务 是文章的最佳标题 3 抓住主线和关键 归纳文章大意 没有主题句的文章 可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题 最后进行归纳总结 典例4 2014 福建高考d perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney strangeasitmayseem ifyou reunsatisfied theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon thaveenoughtastes realrichesconsistofwell developedandheartycapacities 能力 toenjoylife mostpeoplearealreadyswamped 淹没 withthings theyeat wear goandtalktoomuch theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms yettheirhouseoflifeisahut yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion 豪宅 aroyalpalace everynewtaste everyadditionalinterest everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave sports withoutwhichyouremainpoor meanalotinlife nomatterwhoyouare youwouldbemorehuman andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays ifyoucould anddid playabit whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding 71 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a houseoflifeb secretofwealthc restandrefreshmentd interestandenthusiasm 解析 a本文强调的是精神追求 且文中多处出现了关键词life以及houseoflife 故可确定答案是a