英语中考宝典之武功秘籍.doc

决战2010中考英语必胜武功秘籍掌门人：J中考高分，必练此功！欲练此功，必先静心！整日整夜，没日没夜！滚瓜烂熟，倒背如流！如遇难题，请教师父！ （就是俺）乱记瞎背，走火入魔！阿米陀佛 阿门 耶耶！中考系统知识整理（结合考纲一起熟记） 第一章：名词 代词P11.P12. onop. under (on the table) on op. off (turn on, turn off)allop. none in front ofop. behind in the front ofop. at the back ofP13.P14. book a ticket for book a room booking office名词 (Noun) P14.1. 普通名词和专有名词:一周7天/ 一年12月要熟背 会出现在听力的最后一部分。the Nobel Prize the Great Wall：专有门词要加the 另，the Space Museum the Palace Museum2. 可数名词和不可数名词1) A: 直接+s B: s x ch sh+es （熟记对比：sh ch th，前两个+es, th+s. 其中clothes不是复数，是正式的单词。cloth表示布，是不可数）C. o结尾：一般都加s, 除了tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, negroes, volcanoes（火山）D. y结尾：两种情况：y前面是a e i o u元音，直接+s。前面是辅音，去y改成ies.E. f/ fe结尾：改成ves (除了：roofs chiefs)F. 特殊词：1） man结尾：改成men （除了5个：Germans/Romans/humans/Walkmans/discman）对比记忆：women doctors girl students2）ooee：tooth foot goose3) 单复数同形：动物squid fish (all kinds of fishes) deer sheep 国人 Chinese Japanese Swiss4) 其他： child-children mouse mice person-people/ persons P15. 都可：a lot of (=lots of)/ plenty of/ enough/ some (any)/ a quarter of(* a lot of 的否定是 not many/much 即a lot of 不可用于否定句中)可数：many/ (a) few/ a great number of/ quite a few / a couple of/ several/ a pair of/ both/ a group of/ hundreds of 不可数：much/ (a) little/ huge amounts of (a great amount of/ an amount of)/ a great deal of/ a bit of/ a piece of 注意：1) a pair of jeans/ trousers/ glasses/ scissors/ gloves+ is 跟着量词走但是，a group of people +are （永远复数） a quarter of the earth + is (跟着名词走)2) a couple of = several3) one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数+ is4）hundreds of类：熟记口诀：数字, s of不同时出现；s of并存。特殊情况：空格前有about, over, more than, less than, several等词，后面必须加2 thousand之类的确数。 空格后有the，则首先排除没有of的选项。在剩余选项中的of前划分割线，再根据口诀选择正确答案。5）another/ another pair 买东西都用another 大千世界很多，再一个用another have another try = try once morevisit my relatives 拜访亲戚6) learn a lot / much （不确定是否可数的用不可数, 不确定的数量用2, 分不清男女的用he，除了baby和敲门电话的人用it）7）take/ carry the passengers messenger 信使 （send short messages） leave/ take a message for give a message to8) time: 时间：不可数，但是have a good time（加形容词变可数）时代/倍数：可数 in ancient/ modern times 3 times as big as / the size of = 2 times bigger than9) work U job Ca piece of news/ information/ advice/ chalk/music/furniturescience fiction 不可数spend less money/ time do more work make fewer mistakes less pollution注意：常见的不可数名词water paper work fun furniture weather pollution progress advice information news。the+ adj构成一类人- are the police are the +姓+ s - are对比词： fish鱼肉 U 鱼 C work工作U 著作C glass玻璃 U 眼镜，玻璃杯C wood木材 U woods森林 C paper纸U papers C 论文，文件，试卷 experience U 经验 C 经历 room U 空间 C 房间 chicken U 鸡肉 C小鸡常以复数形式出现的名词：glasses plastics 塑料制品（表示塑料时不可数） goods货物 manners礼貌 customs 海关名词的男和女： actor/ actress host/ hostess waiter/ waitress headmaster/ headmistress prince/ princess emperor/ empress名词所有格：有生命的词用s 如Kittys 时间距离国家地区可用s 比较：Marys and Peters rooms Mary and Peters room （共有的）有时候加s，是表示地方 如 go to my grandmas 去奶奶家 the chemists 药店on ones fortieth birthday（正好40岁） in ones nineties（超过90，90几岁）Teachers Day Childrens Day at + 节日 on + Day/ Eve There is a 10-minute break between 2 classes 20 minutes walk/ drive/ run = 20-minute walk 用how far提问the _名词_ of表示从属关系 （特殊：the solution to the problem, the key to the door, the answer to the question）a friend/cousin/ photo of + sbs the prize of Tonys 都加名词性物主代词双重所有格： a friend of Jacks fatherswith the help of + 宾格 * 2 with & 3 under with the help of with the development of under the protection of under the management of under freezing temperature in freezing weather代词 (Noun)P15表格：重点: his 既是形容词物主代词又是名词物主代词。 注意反身代词拼写。 （做题时，注意单复数） 空格后有名词，则填形容词物主代词；没有，就填名词性物主代词。尤其注意前后两者比较，经常填名词性物主代词。如：Jacks classroom is cleaner than Peters.P16主语用主格- Mary and I 动词/介词后 +宾格 (between you and me/ teach him) 特殊 suggest sb.(主格)：因为是suggest that sb. should do, 省略that 和should，sb.其实是主语）你-他/她-我 复数：我们-你们-他们做错事 I 放在第一位 e.g. Who broke the window? I and Wang Li.do ones homework put on ones clothes “谁的” 不可省略反身代词： 1) 主语和宾语指同一人。 Jack always thinks about himself.2) 同位语 We ourselves 2） 特定词后：Help oneself to some fish. (但是要注意和help sb. to do的区别)Make yourself at home by oneself enjoy oneselfsee yourself in the mirror/in the photo自言自语 say to myself (teach oneself introduce oneself)指示代词： 前后比较要注意单复数 The weather in SH is better than that in BJThe streets in SH is more crowded than in BJThe number of the students in our class in bigger than that in yours.(区别：the number of表示的数字，加is. a number of=many + are) 打电话 Whos that/ calling? Speaking Its/ This is疑问代词： 看到wonder，排除that/ 很有可能是if/whether，如不是那就选择wh疑问词 *动词不定式不要漏介词，但是不能加宾语 （where和介词老死不相往来）By whom （介词后加whom,不是who） visit sp-what? Why= What for = whatto do不定代词：P16-171) some在否定和疑问句中改成any 除了：would you please/ could you/May I 等其他婉转询问并想要得到肯定的答复，不用改!any在肯定句中表示任何的, 起强调作用 any student 任何学生（no = not any none = no one） do some reading 不用改成 do any reading2）考纲表格里“复合不定代词”记忆点：A 谓语动词为单数B 都不能加of （every也和of老死不相往来）C 分开来要加of every one of 但是no one还是不能加 （none of）D 后面加形容词表修饰。 something extra3) a little little a few few:前两者修饰不可数。后两者修饰可数（易错：make few mistakes make much progress make less pollution） 考试重点：A. 要根据题意判断，有还是没有！a little/a few比想象中的要多e.g. Hurry up-little time (dont worry/hurry-a little time) be satisfied with -few mistakes desert-little waterB. quite/still/only/just/such/even+ a（不管多少） very/ so不加 C. only a little/few 少 quite a little/few 多 D. few/ little是否定的, 所以反意疑问句前否后肯 但是a few/ a little 是肯定的4）5) both, all, neither, none, either, every两者：both neither either 两者以上：all none every 谓语动词：单：neither either none every 复：both all none （也就是none可单可复）做题步骤：一看谓语动词单复数。 二看名词2或3。 三看句子是肯否e.g. _ of our classmates wants to see this film because it is so boring.一看：wants，排除both all 二看：classmates，两者以上，排除either, neither三看：boring，不想看，否定。(而且every和of也老死不相往来)答案：none其他重点：bank/ river/street/road - both sides either/neither/the other/each side square - all sides every side between 两者 among两者 among the students/children *不知道数量的用两者以上 none + of every 不加 none 有范围（How many问） nothing无范围 （what问） 补充：each：两者或两者以上的每个，可加of，可放句末。 every： 两者以上。不可加of，不可放句末。6) the other, another, the others, others= 2（如twins, gloves, hands等） one the other in my other hand （形容词物主代词和other老死不相往来）= 3 one another the third (=4, oneanothera thirdthe fourth 以此类推) one the other 2 3 one the other (N-1) n the other (N-n)如：5者：one the other 4 3 the other 2=3 表单数，再一个：another表复数，剩余的所有的： one the others/ the other + n pl/ the rest the rest 修饰可数不可数都可以 the others 只能修饰可数重点辨别：some/many others 特定数字。the others (one. the others)some students of Class 3（有范围）。the others others 他人 help others learn from others lend sth. to othersanother后可以加数字 another 3 hourseach other 两者 = one another 两者以上7) one, ones单数one, 复数ones one可以泛指某个人（作文，完型） P18: it天气。电话。距离（how far is it）。形式主语（It takes sb. sometime to do sth.）(It is + adj. + for sb. to do)注意：Whats the time by your watch? - 手表慢了用behind the time/slow 不能用late It is + adj. + for sb. to do adj. 为品质用of sb. to do （Its kind of you to say so.） Its - It is/has 不可能是was (注意辨别He is late for/ He has been late for) find/think/make/feel + it + adj. + to do第二章：数词 冠词 介词数词 (Numeral)P181. 基数词和序数词。1）名词后面基数词，名词前面序数词。 如：Class One the first class分子基数词，分母序数词。（分子大于1，分母+s） two-fifths (分数+可数名词，谓语动词用复数；分数+不可数，谓语动词用单数)（1/4: one-fourth, a quarter 2 2/3: two and two-thirds）2）百和十之间要用and，十和个之间用-，十空缺-百和个之间用and 三个零一个逗号，第一个逗号前是千,第二个逗号前是百万.3） 序数词特殊：4-fortieth 9-ninth （ninety nineteen）重点记忆：first/ second/ third/ fifth/ ninth/ twelfth/ twentieth/ forty-eighth/ one hundredthon ones ninetieth birthday in ones forties注意：序数词前面必须要加the。 除了三种情况：街道名称（Fifth Avenue）奖项（first prize）与a连用表示又一次（try it a third time）2. percent & percentage 45% (45 percent U)-a percentage (C)3. 特指某一天/星期on (Saturday morning/cold winter) 年份/月份/季节inin+年月 on+年月日、月日on the morning/ of this/next/that等前不加介词 4. 描述日期要加尾缀 st/nd/rd/th 注意11 12 13是加th in the 1990s (1990s) - nineteen nineties 在20世纪90年代年份后+S，表示几十年代198220世纪，不是19世纪（19世纪到1900年截止）5. 时间和钟点a quarter=15minutes 2 quarters无=half 描述时间：超过past 不到to 2 to 2 - 1:58 3: 15 - a quarter past 32.5 - 2 hours and a half = 2 and a half hours 6. 2+2=4 2 and 2 is 4. / 2 plus 2 is 4.5-3=2 5 minus 3 is2.4*6=24 4 times 6 is 24.40/5=8 40 divided by 5 is 8. P 19 其他重点：the third grade Grade Three 两个首字母大写 the Twelfth Lesson/ the Third Chapter/ the Second Section大写（可以小写的，因为是序数词。但是如果后面的名词首字母是大写，则必须大写） on Ninth Street (不但要大写，虽然是序数词但是不加the。因为是表示街道的名称不是第9条街)先Class 再Grade 学号在更前面on Channel Eight She has a 3-year-old daughter. = She has a daughter aged 3./ Her daughter is aged 3. = She has a daughter of 3. = Her daughter is 3 years old.* 名词前加形容词, 加去S, 把名词词组变成形容词。但是！如果后面是形容词，则前面依然是名词词组，决不能变。比较：3-meter-high 5-minutes-drive 这两个词组都是错的第一个应为3 meters high（因为high是形容词） 第二个应为5 minutes drive或 5-mitute drive * 10 minutes break a 10-minute break* We will have a _ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-months C. two months D. two- month The river is _wide. A. forty thousands of miles B. forty thousands mileC. fourty thousand miles D. forty thousand miles冠词 (Article)P19不定冠词： a an 定冠词：the注意：第一次提到一定是用a/ an，不能用the如：There is an “a” in the word “tea”. The “a” is the last letter.1. a & an元音因素用an（不是元音字母）（最常考u，h，1和8）a university student/ European/ uniform/ useful an underground/ uncle/ uncorrected mistakea hospital an hour/ honest girla one-way street an 800-word compositionan A E F H I L M N O R S X2. +the 共14个。考纲：1）第二次提到 2）特指（补充：the boy over there 注意：衣服IN 眼镜/头发WITH)3）谈话双方共指 4）形容词最高级 5）序数词 6）天体名词 7）江河湖海山脉 (补充特指岛屿不加THE,群岛要加) 8）方位（东南西北。左边右边中间。但是河水从东向西流：run from east to west from to不加the）9）乐器 10）the+adj表一类人 11）习惯用语补充：12）专有名词 the Peoples Republic of China the United Nations 联合国13）“THE + 姓 + S”表示一家人14）运动比赛项目 the 50 metre dash the high jump* the Alps 阿尔卑斯山4. 不加the 共17个。考纲：1）学科 2）节日（除：the National Day） 3）月份 4）星期 5）特殊词（要举例，补充: here there home） 6）不可数名词（抽象名词） 7）三餐 8）球类9）称呼 10）头衔，职务 11）习惯用语（补充：be at work be at school go to school go to town go to church go to prison） 补充：12）国家。城市（除了：the United States） 13）路名（on Baker Street） 14）语言15）棋牌类play chess/cards/bridge 16）by和交通工具之间 17) 如已有形容词物主代词 (in his other hand-不加the)5. 区别：be in the hospital和be in hospital be at table和be at the table in front of和in the front of介词 (Preposition) P12-13常用介词的各种不同用法 （宾/ 简单句、疑问代词不定式不要漏介词）at: 小地方。点钟。对象。一天时间段 at noon/ (mid)night/ dark固搭：at the moment at present at once等on：特指某一天（是天，April 1998用in） on May 4th（年月日，月日）双重时间（Sunday morning）。 有修饰的时间（cold winter）。 星期。地方/位置上 on the wall/ shelf/ ground/ 3rd floor学术性的关于a lecture on Science固搭：on ones way to/ home on foot on sbs lips rely/depend on on the morning ofin：一天时间段in the morning/ afternoon/ evening。 月份。 季节。年份/世纪 in 2005 (in the year 2005/ in the coming year)。衣服 a boy in red。 鞋子。 方位（内）。大地方。人生中的某一段时期/时代。方式。语言。学科。 +段时间表将来时。固搭： in the room/ the housing estate in addition * in the street (on Baker Street)/ on the roadin time & on time区别with： - op without （+doing） 表伴随。 某人前 play with sb.。固搭： something wrong with with the help of her/ with her help with the development of be pleased with be strict with/in cut with a knife write with a pen/ pencil (write in ink/pencil)with regard to 关于 * see with ones own eyes (say with one voice) - catch ones eye With whom did you play?by：沿着 by the river/lake/the window。 过去完成时。 方式 by airmail。 交通工具。被动语态。 亲自（+反身代词）。固搭： Whats the time by your watch? by the way by the end of by the time比较：on the phone=by phonefor：加段时间，现完，持续。 为了Heres a present for you。 因为，原因praise for thankfor固搭: for example/ a ticket for Sundays evening show/ for the time being/ be famous for (as/ in)fro