南开大学研究生口语期末考试题完整版.doc

1. Some people like to work in a team. Others would rather work individually. Which do you prefer and why?有些人喜欢在团队中工作。其他人宁愿单独工作。你更喜欢哪一个?为什么?I prefer work in a team. Its like a game, basketball or football match, you never see the match will win by one person, it can win as the team cooperation, we often call it team work spirit. And its same in the work or daylife.First,there will be a brain storming. And your brain will be opened.Second,working with others can make your work easier and save much time.Finally,teamwork makes you feel that you are powerful and you are not fighting by yourselfI am equally comfortable working as a member of a team and independently. I have experience with independent and team-based work and I see the value in both approaches. I am very comfortable working on a team, but I can also work independently, as well.I am comfortable working alone and in a group depending on the situation. If the task is easy enough to tackle on my own without brainstorming or breaking up the work without a team, I am happy to work on my own. However, if the assignment is a high priority or too much for one person to handle, I welcome working with a team to tackle the project together. In my experience, most projects require a combination of independent work and brainstorming depending on their various elements. Working in sales has strengthened my abilities to work both alone and with others. I am comfortable engaging with a customer face to face, but I also believe in the benefit of sitting and brainstorming with coworkers about best practices and alternative approaches. Additionally, having a team behind me gives me confidence that if I come across something I am unsure of while working alone, I have the resources to consult someone who can educate or help me.There are basically two ways to get work done. One is to work individually. In this way, people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it. Whats more, they will be able to learn how to solve problems on their own.People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. Besides, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experience with them. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always important.2. Please comment on the following statement: Computer ethics contribute to a better and safe use of computers in our daily life.请对以下声明发表评论:计算机道德有助于我们日常生活中更好、更安全的使用电脑。What are ethics? ethics are the moral values that stop you from doing anything that is not legal and that does not harm or damage anyone elses work, or interests. These simple etiquette and ethics help the environment to be more safe, friendly and co-operative for others around. Computer ethics are nothing but how we use our personal morals and ethics while using the computer for various purposes. They consist of all the rules that you would apply to not misuse any information that is not yours to use, or to access any data that is not owned by you. With issues like cyber crimes, plagiarism, hacking and password thefts, it has become important to know the importance of computer ethics to be able to create a safe computer-based environment. Your computer is not just an electronic device for communication, it is your data store, your photo album, your work recorder, your social network, your calculator and what not., it is what you are! If you get involved in downloading information or accessing portals that you are not allowed to, you are opening the doors of various issues and threats like viruses and Trojans that can illegally enter your system and crash it completely! On the other hand, if your system is used in the way it is supposed to, you are creating a safer and a better atmosphere wherein you can rest assured that your work and your personal information is absolutely safe and secure. Computer ethics are something that cannot be imposed on you, it is rather something that should be followed out of your own will and desire. The way you use the computer to access information speaks a lot about you and your ethical values. What would you do if you get your colleagues password? Would you ask him or her to change it since you accidentally found out, or would you try to get some information that you are not supposed to? There are two kinds of people in this world, one who follow the rules and respect them at the same time, and the others who dont really care. Should you care about the ethics involved in becoming a responsible citizen? You decide! Nevertheless, if you are caught, rest assured the authorities wont care about you as well3. Why are we loosing productive land? How shall we address the land problems?为什么我们要失去生产的土地?我们该如何解决土地问题?原因First reason is overgrazing by farm animals. The animals eat too many of the plants, they arent enough plants left to hold the soil in place. Then the topsoil is eroded by wind and rain they carry it away. Second reason is over-cutting of trees. If trees are cut down and not replanted, there is nothing to hold the good soil, wind and water carry the good soil away and it erodes quickly, leaving land that is dry and less productive. Third reason is farming methods are another big factor. The traditional methods that have been used for hundreds of years no longer work well. Some farmers may use too much fertilizer on the limited land they have or not let the land rest from year to year causing it to become less fertile. 解决办法The experts try to help countries look at their specific problems and figure out what possible changes they can make to protect their land. Farmers might try to grow genetically engineered crops that dont hurt the oil as much or plant new trees, or raise fewer animals, or build new irrigation systems that leave less salt in the soil.4. Are you for or against the wide application of DNA testing?你是赞成还是反对DNA测试的广泛应用?Whenwewereborn,wecompletelydidntknowwhatthefuturemayhaveinstoreforus.Buttheredefinitelyaresomerelationshipbetweensomethinginsideusandsomethingthatwillhappen.Theformeris,asweallknown,DNA,whichtosomeextentsdetermineswhatwelooklike,whatweliketodo,andwhatourfuturewillbe.DuetotheinformationthatDNAcontains,scientistshavefoundawaytoidentifypossiblegeneticrelationshipbetweentwopersons,whichisthemostcommonapplicationofDNAtesting.IthelpspeopledetermineamalelinebyresearchingYchromosome,whichpassesonlyfromfathertoson,forinstance,tofigureoutwhichgreatemperoramummymightbe.Besides,wecanusepaternityteststohelpimmigrantsfindtheirancestors.AnotherwidelyuseofDNAtestingisforcriminalinvestigation.ThepolicemencaneasilyfindthesuspectbydetectingtheDNAinthehairorsomethingelsethatispartofthesuspectsbody,whichisleftinthesceneofcrime.ThereisoneimportantthingwhichmustbemadeclearthatDNAtestingmustbeusedproperly,inordertoavoidethicalproblems.Itshouldbeconsideredonlytohelpverifyexhaustiveresearchofthehistoricalworld.Afterall,thistechniquehasassistedpeopleinsolvingsomuchproblems,anditsurelywillcontinuetocontributetooureverydaylife.5. What recommendations will you give to those who want to stay health? 你会给那些想要保持健康的人提供什么建议?Health is far more important than wealth and wisdom。 Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career。 On the contrary， poor health tends to deprive us of our interest in everything around us。 How to stay healthy concerns everyone， though we have advanced medicine。 When we discuss this， some fundamental principles should be brought in mind。Firstly， it is very important for us to take more fruits and vegetables because they provide vitamins and they help in the process of digestion。 Secondly， we have to keep a balanced diet and maintain regular eating habits。 Proper nutrition is important for good health。 Avoid food with lots of sugar and fat。 Eat plenty of foods high in protein。 Thirdly， wed better do morning exercise every day， do sports frequently to make our bodies strong。 Besides， we have to avoid too much work pressure。 Getting too tired all the time may definitely weaken our defense system， making us get sick easily。 Finally， we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health， such as drinking and smoking。In conclusion， if we stick to things according to the aspects mentioned above， well lead a healthy life and become as fit as a fiddle.6. Please comment on the following statement: Man can do nothing in face of natural disasters. 请就以下声明发表评论:面对自然灾害，人类什么也做不了HumansurvivalanddevelopmentoftheEarthsenvironmenthasledtotheenvironmentworse,theearthsanimalandplantextinction,whicharenecessaryforhumansurvival?Humanmorewanttoovercomenature,themoresubjecttonaturescounterattack.Inthefaceofnaturescounterattack,humanitywillbecomemorehelpless.Therefore,webelievethatnaturecannotbeconquered.Thatsall,thankyou.Can it indicate that man can conquer the nature? In the several millions of years from human birth, but we still suffer a lot when the disaster comes, why? Is there a disaster which people know before it happens and prevent it? Thank you.I have to lay stress on it again that some natural disasters are not powerful enough and people can overcome them with the development of high technology. Facing with disasters that cannot predicted in time ,a single person can merely do nothing .And that is what horrifies everybody ! There is a gold chain runs through the universe, there is a red line links all living things, it is the things in the course of development of natural formation and the rules of the law - the law of life and death.The law forms natural, can not be easily changed, nor transfer with the peoples will. People can only obey the rulers, not change the law. So we insist on that nature can not be conquered. 7. Why is economics regarded as a science?为什么经济学被认为是一门科学?The field of economics uses scientific methodology to unveil truths about its nature. Economists often perform experiments and use scientific tools for crafting analyses. However, much of the attention paid to economics focuses on its non-scientific aspects.At its core, the field of economics tries to uncover basic universal facts. Like many sciences, economics has a strong foundation in mathematics, and it is developed by testing hypotheses. In many ways, economics can be viewed as a field of applied psychology. Understanding how humans behave in certain situations and respond to changes is essential for the fields development.Unlike the so-called hard sciences, however, many economic hypotheses are difficult to test. Economic systems are run by governments, and it is immoral to cause economic harm to individuals and populations. With its strong mathematical foundation and its reliance on human behavior, economics straddles the gap between more basic types of science and so-called soft sciences such as anthropology and sociology.In the media and in politics, however, the scientific aspects of the field are often ignored. Politicians might discuss the morality of different economic policies, and they might make promises based on faulty economic premises. Because economic policies have such a dramatic effect on the lives of voters, politicians spend a considerable amount of time developing a message that influences voters.8. Comment on the impact of globalization on culture. 评论全球化对文化的影响。Briefly speaking, we wear a pair of NIKE shoes, eat hamburgers in KFC and talk with friends with an I-phone in our hands. So this is the globalization. Even though different people have different views, it is necessary to notice the tremendous impact on that globalization has been brought to our life. As for me, Id like to discuss it with following 3 points.Firstly, globalization makes our material and moral life more colorful. In turns, it provides foreigners with more chances to know all-sided Chinese culture.China,as one of the four ancient civilizations, has a long history and splendid national culture. After more than 5000 years of developing, this ancient country now has measurable extensive knowledge and profound scholarship. Foreigners can surf on the Internet and get more information about China. And also they can find a lot of Chinese Town and taste many Chinese characteristic food. It is also a good way to learn more custom on Chinese food. That means they can get what we want without being in China.Secondly, with the foreign culture rushing to us like a heavy flood, it contributes us to rethink and to take actions to protect our traditional culture. Because of globalization, we do realize that as one of the successor of Chinese culture, its our duty responsibilities to inherit and carry forward our culture. Meanwhile, we should also have an inclusive and open attitude to the rest of the world culture .When the South Korea asked for that the Dragon Boat Festival belongs to their countrys traditional culture, most of us was shocked and annoyed. We begin to pay attention to the protection of our own culture.Thus,our culture will be kept and even promoted.Thirdly, as we know ,every coin has two sides. On one hand ,it is a chance for our traditional culture.On the other hand ,its also a challenge.There are more and more famous foreign brands and festival taking root in our coutry .More and more lovers spend their Valentines day together on 14th Feb instead of the 15th July,the traditional Valentines day in our China.Even they may remember the date of Christmas Day more clearly rather than the date of Dragon Boat Festival.So,at the present state,its urgent to rejuvenated our culture and carry foward it to the world.And thats it.As a current college student ,we should make a good judgment on the relationship of globalization and our traditional culture.That is,we need to absorb the good factors and abolish the bad.9. In what ways is new form of journalism different from traditional media?新的新闻形式与传统媒体有什么不同?(1)Cater to the needs of the fragmentation of leisure time. Due to the accelerated pace of work and life, peoples leisure time presents the tendency of fragmentation, and the new media is catering to this demand.(2)To satisfy the need for interactive expression, entertainment and information. The third generation media, which is marked by the Internet, goes to the stage of individuality expression and communication in the appeal of communication. Consumers are also producers of online TV and mobile TV.(3)People use the new medias purpose and choice more actively.(4)Media use and content selection are more personalized, resulting in more market segmentation.(1)满足休闲时间碎片化的需要。由于工作节奏和生活节奏的加快，人们的休闲时间呈现出碎片化的趋势，新媒体迎合了这种需求。(2)满足互动表达、娱乐和信息的需求。以互联网为标志的第三代媒体，在传播的诉求中，走向了个性表达与沟通的舞台。消费者也是网络电视和移动电视的生产者。(3)人们更积极地使用新媒体的目的和选择。(4)媒体使用和内容选择更加个性化，导致更多的市场细分。10. Nowadays, people all over the world share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels. Do the disadvantages of this trend outweigh the advantages?如今，世界各地的人们都有同样的时尚、广告、品牌、饮食习惯和电视频道。这种趋势的缺点是否大于优点?As to the beneficial effects to a corporation, it is capable to decide on a flexible model for the further growth which allows it to make the most use of local and overseas markets. For example, under the background of globalization, international trade is a common form of business, therefore, the firm can select to expand the business either in the local nation or across border to the appropriate nations where can help to achieve the most amount of profits, which is the main purpose of every corporation. Moreover, To expand to other countries means that has a wider market owning new customer groups with various demands, which consequently means that there hides huge business opportunities and a more generous margins. In a word, the increasing liberalization of markets all over the world are provided by globalization to give multinational companies access to customers and profit margin unexpected.Adversely, in despite of so many advantages, the opposite aspects can not be ignored and weigh even more. Firstly, globalization may lead the disadvantaged companies to the situation of bankruptcy. In order to gain better development, a firm is much difficult to avoid the fierce competition in an open and liberal economic environment. However, such environment and conditions indeed do not avail for those weaker companies with low level of technology and productivity, low quality of the staff and more backward level of management, which are easier eliminated from the market than companies with a powerful and abundant strength. Secondly, in the open globe, corporations have to bear higher risk in the process of merger, acquisition or engaging normal commercial activities. Before the implementation of a commercial decision, accurate expectation of earnings and reasonable capital amount of investment should be projected according to the repeated investigation to the target market, unless it could be suffered from several types of risks, such as credit risk, market risk and capital risk, which may cause imponderable damages to the company, even may lead to the elimination from local market. Therefore, a company should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, especially the drawbacks, and avoid risks as much as possible. 11. Some students like online courses. Others like to take traditional classroom courses. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 有些学生喜欢在线课程。还有一些人喜欢上传统的课堂课程。你喜欢哪一?使用特定的理由和例子来支持你的答案。Online courses are becoming mor