神经外科英语词汇2013版.doc

神经外科英语词汇一 诊断名词髓母细胞瘤Medulloblastoma室管膜瘤Ependymoma少枝胶质瘤Oligodendroglioma脑膜瘤Meningioma颅咽管瘤Craniopharyngioma神经瘤Neuroma听神经瘤Acoustic Neuroma血管母细胞瘤Hemangioblastoma胶质瘤Glioma星形细胞瘤Astrocytoma胶母细胞瘤Glioblastoma畸胎瘤Teratoma胆脂瘤Cholesteatoma上皮样囊肿Epidermoids cyst脊索瘤Chordoma松果体瘤Pineal tumour生殖细胞瘤Germinoma骨瘤osteoma先天性肿瘤Congenital tumour颈A-海绵窦漏Carotico-cavernous fistula头皮和颅骨损伤Scalp and skull injury原发伤Primary lesions蛛网膜下腔出血Subarachnoid hemorrhage颅内血肿Intracranial hematoma /clot硬膜外血肿Epidural hematoma硬膜下血肿Subdural heamtoma弥漫性轴索损伤diffuse axonal injury挫伤Contusion 裂伤laceration继发伤Secondary lesions脑肿胀Brain swelling颅骨骨折Skull fracture脑脓肿Brain abscess脑膜炎Meningitis脑脊液漏CSF leak鼻漏Rhinorrhea耳漏Otorrhea化脓性脑膜炎Pyogenic Meningitis耳源脓肿Otogenic abscess无菌性脑膜炎Aseptic meningitis硬膜下积液Subdural effusions血管瘤Angiomas神经纤维瘤Neurofibroma蛛网膜囊肿Arachnoid cyst脊髓空洞Syringomyelia髓内肿瘤Intramedullary tumour颅内动脉瘤Intracranial aneurysm梗阻性脑积水Obstructive hydrocephalus头痛Headache视乳头水肿Papilloedema呕吐Vomiting偏盲Hemianopsia癫痫Epilepsy失语aphasia三叉神经痛Trigeminal neuralgia胶样囊肿Colloid Cyst垂体卒中Pituitary apoplexy二 解剖名词中枢神经系统Central nervous system矢状窦旁Parasagittal凸面Convexity溴沟Olfactory groove脊髓Spinal cord颈段Cervical segment胸段Thoracic segment腰(骶)段Lumbar segment灰质Gray matter白质White matter白质前连合Anterior white commissure锥体Pyramid锥体束Pyramidal tract第4脑室Fourth ventricle脑桥Pons小脑Cerebellum小脑回Cerebellar gyri小脑半球Cerebellar hemisphereProcedures鼻Nose内听道Internal auditory Meatus寰椎Atlas寰枕的Atlanto-occipital面神经Facial n.位听神经Vestibulocochlear n.前庭神经Vestibular portion舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.迷走神经Vagus n.副神经Accessory n.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.颈神经Cervical n.脊柱Vertebral column颈椎Cervical vertebrae胸椎Thoracic vertebrae腰椎Lumbar vertebrae骶椎Sacral vertebrae尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae椎体Vertebral body椎管Vertebral canal椎孔Vertebral foramen椎弓Vertebral arch椎弓根棘突Spinous process横突Transverse process枢椎Axis颅骨Skull枕骨Occipital bone枕骨大孔Foramen magnum枕鳞Occipital squama枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance蝶骨Sphenoid bone蝶鞍Sella turcica鞍结节Tubercle of sellae蝶窦Sphenoidal sinus颞骨Temporal bone乳突Mastoid process内耳门Internal acoustic port顶骨Parietal bone额骨Frontal bone额结节Frontal tuber颅前窝Anterior cranial fossa颅中窝Middle cranial fossa颅后窝Posterior cranial fossa斜坡Clivus后交通动脉Posterior communicating a.脉络膜前动脉Anterior choroidal a.大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral a.前交通动脉Anterior communicating a.大脑中动脉Middle cerebral a.椎动脉小脑后下动脉Posterior inferiorcerebellar a.基底动脉Basilar a.小脑前下动脉Anterior inferiorcerebellar a.小脑上动脉Superior cerebellar a.大脑后动脉Posterior cerebral a.横窦Transverse sinus乙状窦Sigmoid sinus枕窦Occipital sinus上矢状窦Superior sagittal sinus下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus直窦Straight sinus海绵窦Cavernous sinus脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.颅内压增高Raised intracranialpressure颅腔Cranial cavity脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid额,顶,颞,枕Frontal parietal temporaloccipital幕下Infratentorial侧面的Lateral桥脑小脑角Cerebello-pontine angle枕大孔Foramen magnum四室Fourth ventricul三 症状体征名词低血压Hypotension高血压Hypertension放疗Radiotherapy并发症Complications发热Pyrexia感染infection中枢性高热Central hyperpyrexia伤口感染Wound infection尿路感染Urinary infection意识恶化Deteriorating consciouslevel抗菌素Antibiotics肢端肥大Acromegaly眼睑肿胀Swelling of the eyelids预后Prognosis深昏迷Deeply coma神经胶质增生Gliosis退行发育,间变Anaplasia眼球突出Proptosis斜视External Strabismus脱水Dehydration多尿Polyuria耳鸣Tinnitus麻痹Paralysis脑水肿Brain edema眩晕Vertigo头晕Dizziness晕厥Fainting偏瘫Hemiplegia幕上Supratentorial侧面的,旁边的Lateral抽搐Convulsion肢体Limbs尿崩症Diabetes insipidus肥胖Obesity复视Diplopia眼震Nystagmus共济失调ataxia脑疝Herniation去脑强直Decerebrate rigidity颈强直Stiff neck恶性的Malignant四 手术名词活检BiopsyUlceration皮瓣Scalp flap骨瓣Bone flap探查Exploration额部入路Forntal approach经蝶手术Trans-sphenoidal operation全切Total removal分流Short-Circuiting血栓Thrombosis囊状A瘤Saccular aneurysm三叉Trifurcation分叉Bifureation保守治疗Conservative treatment清血肿Evacuation of Haematoma经鼻蝶入路Trans-nasal sphenoidal approach三叉神经微血管减压术Trigeminal microvascular decompression开颅术Craniotomy肿瘤切除术Tumor resection全麻General anesthesia局麻Local anesthesia脑室体外引流external ventricul drainage颅骨修补重建术Cranioplastyshrug(vt 耸肩）intermittent(adj 间歇的断断续续的）sternocleidomastoid(n 胸锁乳突肌）deviate(vt 偏离越轨）genioglossus(n颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj 营养的 有关营养的）myasthenia (n 肌无力）latter(adj 后半的接近终老的）fasciculation(n簇生束状自发性收缩肌震束颤）volitional(adj 意志的）agonist(n收缩筋）antagonist(n 对立者对手敌手）synergy(n协同配合）dysdiadochokinesia(n 轮替功能障碍）dysmetria（动幅障碍辨距不良）amplitude(n广大广阔振幅）titubation(n 蹒跚）ataxia(n 共济失调）stylopharyngeus(n 茎突咽肌）overlap(vt部分重叠n 重叠部分）hoarseness(n嘶哑刺耳）accessory(n 附件配件）innervate(vt 受神经支配促使活动）sternocleidomastoid(n 胸锁乳突肌）intermit(v 中断）protrusion(n伸出突出）deviate(vt 偏离 越轨）genioglossus(n 颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj 肌萎缩的）myasthenia(n 肌无力）latter(adj 后半的接近终了的后者的）fasciculation(n束状 簇生自发性收缩 肌震束颤 肌束抽搐）volitional(adj 意志的）agonist(n 收缩筋）antagonist(n 对立对手敌手）synergy(n 协同配合）dysdiadochokinesis(n 轮替运动障碍）dysmetria(n辨距不良，动幅障碍）amplitude(n 广大 广阔振幅）tremor(n 震颤 发抖）titubation(n 蹒跚）tandem(n 串联）clonus(n 阵挛）random(adj 任意的 无计划的 随机的）circuit(n 电路线路环行环行道）discriminate(vt 分别区别区分 vi 歧视）spasticity(n 痉挛状态强直状态）hyperreflexia(n 反射亢进）hypotonia(n 张力减退）diminish(vt 减小缩小）myelopathy(n 脊髓病 骨髓病）spontaneous(adj 自发的无意识的天真的帅直的）inspect(vt 检查 检验 视察）presence(n 出席到场 仪表仪态）imply(vt 暗示暗指）denervate(v 切除神经）lateral spinothalamic trace(n 脊髓丘脑侧束）column(n 圆柱 柱）somatotopical(adj 躯体定位区的）lamination(n叠片结构）dermal(adj 皮肤的真皮的）auscutation(n 听诊）asymmetry(n 不对称）microcephaly(n 小头畸形）premature(adj过早的 提前的 未到期的早产的）suture(n 缝合 缝伤口 缝线 vt 缝合伤口）fusion(n 熔合 联和合并）symptomatic(adj症候的 症兆的 有症状的根据症状的）prominence(n 声望 杰出 突出 重要 要事）fontanelle(n 囟门）concave(adj 凹的）sunken(adj 沉没的 沉入水底的 凹陷的）millimeter(n 毫米）palpate(vt 触诊）bulge(n 膨胀 肿起 Vt 膨胀突出鼓起）erect(adj 竖立的 直立的 挺立的 vt 使直立使竖起）denote(vt指示指出）transillumination(n 透视法）effusion(n 流出物渗出泻出）percussion(n 打击乐器组）reliable(adj 可靠的 可信赖的）gestation(n 怀孕 怀孕期孕育）pupillary(