特殊句式的导学案.doc

A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智特殊句式导学案主备人: 纪冬冬 赵娜 审核人：邢冬霞 日期：2010 09 27倒装句型的导学案倒装句型的认识 完全倒装： 1、倒装句型的分类 部分倒装： 形式倒装： 部分为倒装标志部分2、倒装标志：置于句首并加以强调的标志性成分，它是帮助学生判断句子是否用倒装，用什么形式的倒装的主要标志。3、倒装句的基本构成完全倒装： 谓语 + 主语基本构成 部分倒装： 系/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词实意部分 形式倒装：4、倒装句型的做题方法：a. 熟背倒装标志，哪些标志用完全倒装，哪些标志用部分倒装，哪些标志用形式倒装b. 注意结合时态和语态c. 注意一些特殊情况倒装的分类及倒装标志的介绍1、全倒装副词：up, down, out, in, here, there, away, round, east, south, west, north）(1)表示方位的副词放于句首 谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词：go, come, run, rush, fly 等 主语必须是名词 副词：now, then（2）表示时间的副词放在句首 谓语动词是come 主语是名词 in the south, under the tree, on the moon（3）表示方位的介词短语放在句首作状语 谓语动词是不及物动词：lie, stand, sit, exist, stretch, come 主语是名词 分词短语如：lying on the ground, seated on the grass, hidden underground（4）分词短语位于句首 句子的谓语动词时be 主语是名词（5）表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为: “表语+ 连系动词+ 主语”, 谓语动词是be, 主语是名词 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. Gone are the days when we were poor.2、部分倒装（1）only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，即：Only + then / in this way / by doing sth./ when we study hard, can we. 否定副词：never, nor, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely（2）否定词放在句首 否定意义的短语: at no time, under / in no circumstance, in no case, by no means, on no condition, on no account 否定连词: hardly / scarcely when, no soonerthan, not onlybut also, neither nor, not until主句用部分倒装 not a +n , not a single +n, not once 注意 Hardly / scarcely had sb. done sth. when., No sooner had sb. done sth. than.(注意主句中的时态) Not only. 句子用部分倒装，but also.句子不用倒装 Neither . nor. 中两个句子都用部分倒装 Not until.+ 主句.中，主句中用部分倒装，not until. 从句中不用倒装 表示前面所说的一种情况也适用于另外一个人或事物时 so与前面的肯定句呼应 (3) so/neither/ nor 至于句首 neither/ nor与前面的否定句相呼应 其句型为：so / neither / nor +be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词 +主语 注意： 区别：so + 主语 + be / so + be + 主语 当表示前面所说的一种情况或多种情况也适用于另外一个人或事物时，应该用 so it is with, 或It is the same with. (4) sothat./ such that句式中，如果so 及它所修饰的部分，或such 及它所修饰的部分放于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。即： So + adj + 系动词+ 主语 + that . So + adv + 助动词+ 主语+ 谓语 + that. So + adj +a/ an + n + 系动词+ 主语+ that Such +n + 系动词+ 主语+ that Such + a/an + adj + n + 系动词+ 主语+ that .（5）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had, were, 或should时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should 等移到主语前。3、特殊形式的倒装（1）在as 或though 引导的让步状语从句中，常把形容词、名词、副词或动词原形放在句首，即：adj / adv /n / v + as / though + 主语 + 谓语/系动词， 主句注意： though 引导的让步状语从句可以用倒装形式，也可以不用倒装形式。 如果至于句首的表语是个单数名词，要把名词前的冠词去掉。（2）在whatever, however 引导的让步状语从句中，常把名词、形容词或副词与whatever, however 一起放在句首。即: Whatever + n + 主语 + 谓语/系动词， 主句Whatever + adj + n + 主语 + 谓语/系动词， 主句However + adj/adv + 主语 + 谓语/ 系动词， 主句（3）在the more., the more. 句式中，常把the more 放在句首，即：The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语/ 系动词， the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语/ 系动词强调句型的导学案1、强调句型的构成 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who.2、辨认强调句型的方法3、强调句型的时态 强调句型只有现在时态和过去时态，即：It is / was that . 强调句型还可以使用推测语气，即：It must / might be that.Can it be . that?It must / might have been. that.Can it have been . that. 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is 或was4、强调句的疑问形式 一般疑问句：Is / Was it that .? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 is / was it . that.？当被强调部分是特殊疑问词时，需要把特殊疑问词放在强调句的最前面，然后写成疑问句的形式当把强调句型的特殊疑问句放于宾语从句中时：要注意特殊疑问句的句序用陈述句序。5、被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、(表语)或状语 主语、宾语可以是：名词，代词，动名词，名词性从句 状语可以是：副词，介词短语，状语从句 所以被强调部分可以是：名词，代词，动名词，名词性从句，副词，介词短语，状语从句当被强调部分是代词时，要注意用什么格(主格/ 宾格)6、强调句型的命题方向 It is / was .that It is / was + n +引导词引导从句 + that. It is / was + 引导词引导从句 + that It is / was + not until. that. 特殊疑问词+ is / was it + that .? It is / was not. but. + that. It is / was not . that., but. 强调句型的省略- Where did you met Mary?- It was in the factory where we worked (that I met her).7、强调句型与定语从句、状语从句的区别 It was in the house that I was born. It was the house where I was born. It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.8、对谓语动词的强调 如果强调谓语动词时，要用助动词do, does或did + 动词原形，且只能用一般现在时和一般过去时 Tom does study hard now. do还可用于对祈使句的强调 Do come this morning. Do be careful.祈使句的导学案1、祈使句：以动词原形开头的句子，用以提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，下达命令等。2、祈使句的一般形式 肯定形式： 否定形式： 强调形式：3、祈使句的类型 祈使句一般不带主语，即以动词原形开头的句子 为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时，需要加上主语“you”，有时还可以同时加上称呼语 Tom，you water the flowers! 命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”You, girls, clean the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor. 祈使句的主语还可以是“everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody” 或第三人称Someone answer the phone.( 谁去接一下电话)4、祈使句的反义疑问句 肯定形式祈使句的反义疑问句用：will you / wont you 否定形式祈使句的反义疑问句用:will you Lets ., shall we? Let us ., will you？5、常考句式 祈使句+and / or / or else + 简单句 此时祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句 有时祈使句中可省略动词，用一个表示条件的名词性短语来代替该句式有两种考查方式_ and / or / or else + 简单句祈使句 + 连词 + 简单句One more week, and we will accomplish the work.Another step further, and Ill shoot.感叹句导学案1、感叹句中的感叹词：what, how2、感叹句的基本句式What + n + 主语 + 谓语！How + adj / adv + 主语 + 谓语！What + a/ an + adj + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！How + adj + a/ an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What + adj + 可数复数或不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！How + 主语 + 谓语！3、注意感叹句用在宾语从句中的应用I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _silly mistakes I had made.A. what B. that C. how D. whichThere be 句式导学案1. 定义：表示在什么地方存在什么人或事物2. 基本句式：there be+名词注意： 名词为主语 如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be和最近的主语在数上保持一致_there be 句式中的be可以有不同的时态，还可以和助动词或情态动词连用_3.There be 句式的其他表达There + seem to be/happen to be/used to be/have to be+名词_There +remain/live/stand/lie/exist +名词 _4.There be 句式可以用于非谓语动词中there being（通常作原因状语、主语或介词以及某些动词后的宾语） _there to be（通常作某些动词的宾语）_5. There be组成的固定句式There is no use/point/sense (in) doing 做某事没用或没意义There is no doubt about/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问There is no need for/ There is no need to do 没有必要There is no doing(telling/knowing/reasoning/joking) 不可能; 无法；没有办法. 高考链接：1. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 2. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _?(2005上海)A. wasnt there B. was there C. didnt it D. did it反义疑问句导学案一、做反义疑问句的基本原则：前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分一般用否定形式；前一部分是否定形式，后一部分则用肯定形式。二、反义疑问句的分类1.简单句的反义疑问句 名词 指示代词当陈述部分的主语是 不定代词 There be句式 have (has, had) 时 含有否定词时当陈述部分的谓语是 含有ought to 含有used to2并列句的反义疑问句并列句的反义疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句即后一分句保持一致3复合句的反义疑问句一般情况下，当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反义疑问部分要与_的主语和动词保持一致 特殊情况：反义疑问句要与从句的主谓保持一致 主语必须是第一人称（I /we） 谓语动词必须是 think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect 等条件 且动词必须是一般现在时态或一般过去时态 另外，注意否定转移的现象陈述部分的主语为主语从句时, 反义疑问句的主语用_4.祈使句的反义疑问句 对现在的推测 有表“过去”的时间状语5.陈述部分含有must(表示猜测)的反义疑问句 对过去的推测 没有表“过去”的时间状语三、反义疑问句的回答注意陈述部分是否定结构时，回答yes和no与汉语正好相反。即yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”高考链接1.（2007北京）When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back one the shelf, _?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you2. (06福建卷)I m sure you d rather she went to school by bus, _?A. hadnt you B. wouldnt t you C. arent I D. didnt she3. (06广东卷)Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _she? A. had B. did C. hadnt D. didnt4. (06全国二)We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _. A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we5. （05北京春招）He never said that he was good at mathematics, _? A. was he B. wasnt he C. did he D. didnt he6. （05上海）There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? A. wasnt there B. was there C. didnt it D. did it 7. (04上海春招) There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they 省略导学案定义：英语中,有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构或不引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或短语，这种语法现象称为省略。省略的分类一. 状语从句的省略1 当状语从句的主语和逐句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be；省略后的从句的形式为连词+名词/形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。He opened his lips as if ( he was) to speak.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected2 当从句中的主语是it ,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be 一起省略。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible3 此外，还有：if so(如果如此)；if not (如果不这样)；if any(如果有)；if necessary(如果有必要)Get up early tomorrow, if not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.一 Im afraid, I think, believe, I hope, I guess 等作答句，后面跟so 与not 等分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you believe our team will win?I guess so.二. 不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to1. 用来代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like ,love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。2. 在have, need, ought, be going, used 等后面。3. 在某些形容词 glad, happy, pleased, delighted 等后面。4. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常除了保留to 外，还要保留后面的be, have 和 have been。当堂达标1 Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired2. Whats the matter with Della？ Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still_. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 3. Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes，_,Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible4. who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order_. A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told5. _ they are, they are generous and friendly to others. A. Though poor B. Although poor C. As poor D. Poor as6.Tom is a popular boy among his classmates. Sometimes he is a bit impatient, _. A. though B. also C. although D. but7. (1)_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.(2)_ your composition carefully, and some spelling mistakes can be avoided.(3) _ your composition carefully, you can avoid some spelling mist