形容词与冠词.doc

形容词表示人或事物的性质的词叫形容词。一、形容词的用法：1作定语He is a good student.That is a green jeep.2作表语The blackboard is black.Its good to do morning exercise every day.3作宾语补足语Please keep your book clean.She found the work very interesting.二、形容词作定语的位置1一般放在名词前That is a white shirt.This is a red pen.2所修饰的词是不定代词something anything everything nothing时定语的位置要后置Is there anything wrong with your bike?There will be something important at the meeting.3 here there above before等词作定语时须放在名词之后The pupils here are all Young Pioneers.三、形容词作定语的语序不同种类形容词，修饰名词作定语。代词冠词前头走，数量性质跟后头。大小形状老新旧，颜色材料在最后。四、形容词的比较级形容词的比较级和最高级分别有两种构成方法：单音节词和少数以-y er ow ble结尾的双音节形容词是在词尾加-er est 构成比较级和最高级；多音节词和部分以“单音节形容词+ly”构成的副词或以“单音节词名词+ly”构成的双音节形容词用more和most放在词前构成比较级和最高级.冠词冠词是一种虚词。有不定冠词a、 an和定冠词the两种。冠词不做句子成分，在句中不重读。只用在名词前说明所指的人或事物。一、不定冠词的位置：1、一般放在名词前This is a pen.That is an exercise-book.2、如果名词前有定语一般放在定语之前I have a new bike.He has an old pencil-box.3、如果修饰词前的定语前另有其它修饰词，不定冠词一般要放在修饰词的前面Its an extremely cold day today.Its a very good English book.二、不定冠词a、an的区别不定冠词之后的词以辅音音素开头时用a；以元音音素开头时用anThis is a horse.That is an elephant.He has gone for an hour.Im an ordinary worker.Its a useful book.三、不定冠词的用法：1、与单数可数名词连用指某一种人或事物He is a teacher.Give an apple.2、指一种人或物中的任何一个，不具体说明是何人何物A boy wants to see you.I borrowed a picture-book from the library yesterday.3、表示数量有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有“one”强烈I have a face.He wants a book.（是书而不是别的东西）He wants one book. (是一本而不是两本)4、用于某些固定词组中a bit a few a little a lot of have a look in a hurry5、在文章中首次出现用不定冠词One day a little monkey was playing in a tall tree near a river.四、定冠词的用法1、特指某（些）人或某（些）物The pen on the desk is black.Lets read the new words on the blackboard.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或物Where is the teacher? He is in the classroom.Open the door, please.3、指上文提到过的人或事物Last night I read a story. The story was about Lei Feng.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.There is a plane in the sky.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前Li Ming is the tallest in our class.6、用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall the Summer Palace the History Museum7、用在一些习惯用语前in the day in the morning the day before yesterday by the way8、用在表示方位的名词前Bei Jing is in the north of China.9、乐器前边一般要加定冠词She is playing the violin.10、报纸杂志名词前一般要加定冠词The peoples Daily五、不用冠词的情况1、在专有名词前和不可数名词前2、名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词、疑问代词（如this, that, my, whole, some, any, no, each, every, next， which, what）等作定语时不用冠词。What book were you reading last night?3、表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词They are workers.People go swimming in rivers and lakes.4、在表示月份、季节、星期和带有day的节日前一般不用冠词December is the last month of a year.January 1 is New Years Day.5、球类运动、三餐饭、语言和学科名词前不用冠词Does he play footbal