二英语必修5知识点整理.doc

高二英语必修5知识点Unit 3:1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句；e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展：impress v.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2. remind v.提醒；使想起；常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人；使某人想起；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到；提醒某人某事e.g. Im sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？You remind me of your father when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展：reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物3. constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4. previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. 这一工作无需相关的经验。I couldnt believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展：previously adv. 先前的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。5. bend v.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿。6. press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。7. switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。I cant work next week, will you switch with me? 下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？8. lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足9. surroundings n.pl. 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。10. catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出 lose ones sight 失明 at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 At first sight, the problem seems easy. at (the) sight of 一看见就 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. be in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight. out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind.11. take upto fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间）to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。12. sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里。Unit 4:1. concentra te vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与 on 和 upon 或连用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。2. acquire vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有 acquired, acquiringe.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.她认真学习而精通英语。Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控 accused, accusinge.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎.He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, . = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful.e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。There is nothing interesting/of interest in todays newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么新鲜事。5. journalist n.新闻记者；新闻工作者e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员6. delighted a. 高兴的, 快乐的e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。【词语联想】delight n. 高兴, 愉快 ； vt. 使高兴, 乐于； vi. 感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要爱好。【习惯用语】? take delight in 喜爱, 以.为乐? find delight in 喜爱, 以.为乐? have delight in 喜爱, 以.为乐? to sb.s delight 令人高兴的是.7. assist n. 帮助, 协助； vt. 帮助, 促进； vi. 协助, 参加【习惯用语 】 assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 区别: help, aid, assist 都含帮助、援助的意思。 help 系常用词, 意义较aid, assist 强, 指以积极态度给予各方面的帮助, 强调受助者得到帮助或好处, 并着重受助者对帮助的需要e.g. Please help me arrange these papers.请帮我整理这些文件。 aid 属较正式用语, 强调帮助受助者脱离困难或危险, 有时意味着强者援助弱者e.g. They aided flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。 assist是正式用语, 多指在提供帮助时, 帮助者起次要或起协助作用e.g. She assisted him in his experiments.她协助他做实验。8. case n. 情况，事实e.g. Is that the case？是这么回事吗？【习惯用语】 a hard case 无可救药或顽固不化的人; 难对付的人、处境困难或可怜的人、难办的事; 难治之症、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙 as is often the case 这是常有的事 in any case 无论如何, 总之 in case of 万一., 如果发生. in no case 决不 in that case in this case 假如这样的话 It is not the case 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 This is not the case 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 That is not the case 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 just in case 以防(万一)Unit 5：1. first aid 的意思是“急救”例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。短语联想give/offer aid 援助 come to sbs aid 帮助某人teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护with the aid of 借助于get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行车正在修理。2. Protect 动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词 例如：e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。【短语联想】 Keep. from. 不让/避免 stop. (from) . 阻止 prevent.(from) . 妨碍/防止 disable. from. 使失去（能力/资格） save. from. 挽救、拯救3.depend on 取决于。例如：e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少取决于你住哪里。词义拓展depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday.我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。4. squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子常用句式squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，例如：e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。over and over again 再三地。例如：Ive told you over and over again not to do that.我再三告诫你不要那样做。5. hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩从梯子上摔了下来 受了伤。The driver hu