高考语法复习专题Subjunctive mood.doc

Subjunctive mood一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的 看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。判断下列句子的语气You are very careful. ( )What a fine day it is!Please be careful! ( )I wish I were a bird. ( )May you succeed!虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个_，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空想等。虚拟语气的运用二、if条件句中的虚拟语气1）if真实条件句If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off).If you _(finish) your homework, I _(allow) you watch TV.构成从句：_时/_时 主句：_时2）if非真实条件句 条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反 1. _ 2. _3._1. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.2. If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam.3. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother.If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.If I should fail, I would try again.选1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 选2.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain选3.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being虚拟条件句中连词if的省略：如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于书面语。 If you had not helped me, I should have failed._If you were in my position, you would do the same. _If they should attack us, we would wipe them out completely . _选4：_ she a man, she might be elected president.A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is选5._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 错综时间条件句即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。1. 如果他听了我的劝告, 他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test,_2. 假如昨天我对他说了, 现在我就知道该怎么办了。 , I should know what to do now. 3. 假如我是你, 我当时就不会打破那杯子。 , I would not have broken the glass. 4. If you _(follow)my advice, you _(be) better now.5. If you _(study) hard before, you _(be) a college student now, and you _(graduate) from a college in four years time. 选6：If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been选7.If the flower had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die选8.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching 含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，或句中有_, _, _,_等词隐含某种假设。这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体分为两类：1）条件暗含在短语中：What would I have done without you?But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would have come to help.2）条件暗含在上下文中：I would not have done it (if I were you).I would have bought it (if I had had the money).选9.I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit选10.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 选11.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 虚实错综句 所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。选12.They _ earlier, but the car wasnt ready. A. can have left B. may have left C. will have left D. might have left选13. We could have walked to the station; it was so near. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 非真实条件句中的条件从句除用if引导外，还可以用_,_,_,_,_,_等词来引导。1. Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school.2. Suppose you were given a chance to study in America, would you accept?3. He could use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.4. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.5. Heres some money in case you should need it.6. He put his coat over his child for fear that he should catch a cold.二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气或（should+）V原结构的虚拟语气1）_从句中的虚拟语气可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感，其谓语动词用should +动词原形，should 可以省略。It is strange that she should wear such a coat.It is necessary that we should clean the room every day. (important, natural, strange, necessary, essential etc. ) It is a pity that you should be so careless.It is requested that Miss Liu should give a performance at the party. （还有哪些动词呢）It is important/natural/strange/necessary/essential/a pity/a shame/requested这类动词+that 主+（should+）V原2）_从句中的虚拟语气表示要求, 命令, 建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个要求，四个建议。即1) insist 2) order, command 3) demand, require, request, 4) advise, suggest, propose，recommendWe suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us.注：insist/ suggest不接虚拟的用法His pale face suggested that he was ill and I suggested that he should go to the hospital at once.She insisted that she the thief.她坚持说她看见了那个贼。His uncle insists that he _ in the hotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆 里。3）_的虚拟语气表示要求、命令、建议的名词，如advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request, idea等的_和_要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是should +动词原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for our summer vocation.（同位语从句）My advice is that we should go to Beijing for our summer vacation.（表语从句）1. I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2. It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be3. He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey三、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气过去时(were) (对现在情况的虚拟) wish+ 主 过完(had done) (对过去情况的虚拟)would/could/might +V.(原 (对将来情况的虚拟)I wish he _（visit） us now. I wish you _ (go)with us.We wish we _ (arrive) here two hours earlier.四、其他句型中的虚拟语气1)would rather that 主+_ _ I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather I hadnt come yesterday.2) if only用法 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用_; 如果是过去的情况,应用_ 如果是将来的情况,应用_ If only I had listened to my parents!If only she didnt drive so fast.If only it would stop raining.3）as if /though从句的虚拟语气as if /though+_ _ _She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.He learns English so hard as if he would go to America.4) Its (about/high) time +that从句的虚拟语气Its (about/high) time +that+主+_ _Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we _ to bed.Its time that we _ to bedPractice:1.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; come4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have7. If only I _to my parents advice!A. listeningB. listen C. am listening D. had listened8. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agreeC. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree9. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6.A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished10. Its high time he _home.A. goes B. wentC. will go D. is going to go11. Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is CCCDB BDDCB B历年高考真题：1.（2005江苏Dont you think it necessary that he_to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is_he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what2.（2007山东They_two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. get3.（2008山东Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we_it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed4.（2009天津This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might5.（2009江苏He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently.A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed6. （2009福建But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have won C. would win D. would have won7. （10安徽）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy8.（10湖南）If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow9.（10天津）John went to the hospital alone. If he_ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told10. （10江苏）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused11. （10陕西）If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken12. （10北京）-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_ .A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died18（10浙江）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_ .Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved19.（2011福建卷Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended20.(2011北京卷Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt beenC. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have been21.（2011北京卷Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would studyC. had studied D. was studying22.（2011天津卷I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come23.（2011陕西卷I_ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone24.（2011江西卷28We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will put B. will have putC. would putD. would have put25.【2012北京】We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced26.【2012福建We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited27.【2012陕西】If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be28.【2012山东】Ifwe _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent madeB. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made29.【2012湖南】Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had had C. have D. had30.【2012天津】We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered31.【2012辽宁】Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A. will doB. has doneC. doD. did32.【2012浙江】Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have hadD. might have had33.【2013 北京】If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 34.【2013 福建】-Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven35.【2013 江苏】I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 36.【2013 陕西】 My mom suggests that we_ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 37.【2013 天津】 If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 38.【2013 浙江】Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old