初一英语简单句的基本句型.doc

Erica 简单句的基本句型由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有 及物动词、不及物动词 和 连系动词 之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语;大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。【1】 主语 + 谓语 (不及物动词) + ( 状语 副词、名词、介词短语等 )主语谓语状语状语His father cooks. He runsfast in the street. The meetingbegins at nine.主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分，虽然长短不一，但都属于这一句型。练习： 1). 学生们学习很努力。_ 2). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _【2】 主语 + 谓语 (及物动词) + 宾语 ( + 状语 )主语谓语宾语状语Hedidnt likethe film. Shedecided togo hiking. Hethought about the problem for a few moments. 此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词，也可以是短语动词，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末，多数是副词、介词短语、名词短语、分词或不定式短语。练习：1) 我不喜欢这样。 _ 2）我昨天看了一部电影。_【3】 主语 + 谓语 (系动词) + 表语 ( + 状语 )主语系动词表语状语These booksaregreat.Your watchlooks nice. The treesturn greenin spring.此句型中的谓语动词是连系动词，如be, seem, turn(变得), taste, feel, smell, get(变得) become (变得), look(看起来) 等，作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。练习：1) 我是一名学生。 _ 2）他感觉很高兴。 _【4】 主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( + 状语 )主语谓语间宾直宾状语Ill showyoumy photos. My fatherboughtmea very good bikeon my birthday.My auntsentmea box of chocolate.此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。 His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. 昨天，他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。 = His uncle bought a birthday present for him yesterday. 由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach 等;由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。练习：1) 请把你的画给我看一下。 _ 2）老人经常讲故事给孩子们听。 _【5】主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( + 状语 )主语谓语宾语宾补状语The newsmadeeveryonehappy.I Dont wantyouto worktoo hard.Wecallhim Tomfor short. 此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。 1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：call, make, think, name 等。2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：keep, make, find, think 等。3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach等。 (2) 接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：let, make, see, hear, watch等。(3) 接带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是 help。4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：hear, see, watch, keep, find 等。5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：find, take, keep 等。练习：1) 我发现她非常疲惫。 _ 2）我们选他当班长。 _【6】 There be + 主语 + 状语 (介词短语)Therebe主语状语There aremany story booksin his schoolbag.There isa very nice cupon the table.There isa pen and some books on the desk. 本句型又叫 There be 句型，常用来表示“在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”，但应注意与 have 的区别：have / has 作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”，而 there be 结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。There is a new pen in Jims pencil-box. 在吉姆的铅笔盒里有一支新钢笔。(钢笔在铅笔盒里)Jim has a new pen. 吉姆有支新钢笔。 (钢笔为吉姆所有)在此句型中，there 是引导词，无实义， 其主语是 be 动词之后的名词或名词短语， 且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(a, no, all 等) 修饰， 不用确定的限定词(the, this, that 等) 修饰。同时，此句型中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说：There is China in the east of the world.There are their books on the desk.注意：动词 be 在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词) 保持一致， 即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用 is，复数可数名词时用 are。若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词应采取“邻近原则”，即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而定。在此句型中，谓语动词有时不用 be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如 live, stand, lie 等。练习：1) 请把你的画给我看一下。 _ 2）老人经常讲故事给孩子们听。 _一、 单项选择( ) 1. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( ) 2. It _ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 3. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 4. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone. A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( ) 5. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow( ) 6. There _ ice on the road last week. A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 7. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon. A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be 二、 将下列句子改为同义句。1. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 2. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.3. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ _ us. 4. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 5. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me.三、 连词成句。1. student, in, some, classroom, the, are _2. an, to, he, buy, wants, dictionary, english _3. my, to, Mary, enjoyed, songs, listening _4. some, she, fruit, for,bought, me _5. pass, road, on, I, them, the, saw, me _四、根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小