考研英语1翻译7步拿分.doc

考研英语1翻译7步拿分l 英语1，400词左右的文章中翻译划线部分的5句话，每句话30词左右，总分10分，建议时间：20分钟l 选材特点：所选择的体裁偏向于专业领域的学术文件 97 动物的权利98 大爆炸理论 99 历史研究的方法论 00 政府的宏观调控01人工智能的发展02 行为学的研究03 人类学的研究04 语言学的研究05 传媒，多媒体业的发展06 对知识分子的定义和其作用07 法律在新闻报道中的作用08 达尔文其人09 教育学的方法论10 生物物种保护11 自我心态的控制与调整 12 对普遍真题的追求 13无家可归者的花园14贝多芬和他的音乐15美国历史所学的话题偏向文科、科学领域 提示：词性选择偏向中性，词义客观。Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.l 翻译的标准： 准确：大意相同 完整：信息都有 通顺：说人话 准确是前提，完整是要求，通顺是目的。自我要求：一定要学会断句，把看懂的写成完整的句子，拿到1分。评分标准说明 1如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。 2如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分：若其中一种译法错误，不给分。 3汉语错别字,不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分各句的分数段划分如下：Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, (1) (2)thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (3) (4) （1）、（2）、（3）、（4）、各0.5分答案：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。u 翻译的过程， 对与考研翻译而言：理解长难句结构的理解再创作词义的选择，词序的调整u 解构长难句：l 考研翻译的步骤：文章读不读？ 20分钟1）主题须了解（主题句，段首句）2）需要知道上下文语言环境（出题句前一句） 快速浏览，了解。若只考半句，需整句阅读出题句出现不明确信息（常见为 出现代词）需阅读前句。l 句子翻译的步骤1.以找句子主干为目的的阅读 主语+谓语+宾语， 找谓语，判主干2.边读边断句，边读边简化(修饰成分) 先翻主干，后翻修饰成分（腹稿，草稿）学会放弃与编造 3. 按照汉语的表达习惯，按照合理的顺序把意思写出来要求：会翻的，要通顺；不会的，编合理。l 需断句/简化的句子成分：前提是长的句子结构，或不易理解的。所有的后置修饰成分定语从句、分词短语、介词短语、同位语、插入语等逻辑关系词，连词处断句读，逗号处断句主语从句 宾语从句 把从句看成整体A 一：先简化 使用“圈点勾画”让成分清晰起来 / _ （） But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 但是记者必须比普通人更为深刻理解法律的这个观念是建立在对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊责任的基础上的。Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 皮尔森汇集了全世界成百上千名研究人员的工作成果，制作出了一个科技千年日历，这个日历给出了我们能够期待上千项关键突破和发现的最晚日期。l 二：理主干：排除干扰By contrast, they saw in the years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. 相反，历史学家发现在之前100年的时间里（1650-1750），英国尽管还完全是一个农业国家，但当时的英国富裕且繁荣。（语法和语意）动词与宾语被分割的结构I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。l 三：判从句： 定语从句，状语从句，同位语从句，结合从句意思、长短，合理与主句连接。多断句。长定语从句 后置 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。（方式状语顺序的调整）定语从句的状译法，和词义的选择In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.事实上，我们很难想象如果记者没有清晰地掌握加拿大宪法的基本特征，他们如何能够胜任政治报道？同位语从句： During the Second World War，several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.在二战期间，一些国家的政府得出结论：一个政府要对其国家内的科研机构提出的具体要求总体上都无法被详尽预测。While 引导的从句： While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.尽管历史的定义和历史学家一样多，但是现代的历史学实践最接近于符合这一种定义，该定义把历史视为一种试图对过去重大事件进行重现并加以解释的一门学科。Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.由于在大众通信技术上的显著发展，世界各地人开始有新的需求，并且接触到了不同的习俗和观念，而各国政府也不得不因为这些原因而引入更进一步的创新。l while 表示“尽管”一般放在句首，这时用法=whereas，真题极为常见While they like TFBOYS very much, they shouldnt have abused my idols, EXO. l while 可以表示（同时发生的两件事的）对比, 关键是同时发生The goalkeeper has no confidence in himself while the shooter doubts whether he can kick the ball in. 四：理分词：定语性质，状语性质，结合作用合理与主句连接 分词结构做状语：理顺和主句谓语动词的关系Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 沃夫由于对语言和思维的关系很感兴趣，得出了一个观点：一个社会的语言模式会决定其他惯性思维的模式。 分词结构做定语 ：The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.对第一手收集的数据的强调，加上在分析古今文化时被采用的跨文化视角，使得这么学科成为一门独特而极其重要的社会科学。五：定词义译动词，看搭配After all, four decades of evidence has now shown 毕竟40年的证据都表明欧洲和美国的公司一样在招人时都做不到唯才是举，并且一直“规避”让女性晋升到高层岗位，无论他们面临多大的“软性压力”（如社会舆论等）。译代词 指代要还原 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 此外，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业的生产效率直接相关，而工农业生产效率的提高又有赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。六：调语序：汉语多主动英语多被动，时间、地点放在前，原因目的条件放在前，结果一般往后放。时间、地点、方式放在主语后面，动词的前面被动变主动：During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the histori