虚拟语气讲解(1：虚拟条件句和主句).doc

虚拟语气表示与事实不符或无法(或很难)实现的愿望的虚拟语气（实际上就是表示后悔或遗憾或庆幸或责备的情绪）：适用场合：1. If引导非真实条件句及其主句中：A. 条件从句中对不同时间的虚拟表达方式：将时态向过去推一步1) 对一般现在虚拟：if sb / sth _2) 对现在正在发生的事进行虚拟：if sb / sth _3) 对过去正在发生的事进行虚拟：if sb / sth _4) 对一般过去进行虚拟：if sb / sth _5) 对现在完成进行虚拟：if sb / sth_6) 对一般将来进行虚拟：1) if sb / sth _ 2) if sb / sth _ 3) if sb / sth _B. 主句中对不同时间的虚拟表达方式当中要用情态动词的过去式，常用的为would, could, might：1） 对一般现在虚拟：sb / sth _2） 对现在正在进行虚拟：sb/ sth _3） 对一般过去进行需怒4） 对过去正在进行虚拟：sb / sth _5） 对现在完成进行虚拟：sb / sth _6） 对一般将来进行虚拟：sb / sth _注意：主句中would（本来会）, could（本来能够/本来可能）, might（本来可能）的各种形式的含义：Would do 本来会。 wouldnt do _Would be doing 本来现在会正在。 wouldnt be doing _Would have done 当初本来会。 wouldnt have done _Would have have been dong _ wouldnt have been doing _Could do 本来可能/本来能够 couldnt do _Could / might be doing _ couldnt be doing _Could / might have done _ couldnt have done _Could / might have been doing _Couldnt have been doing _might not do _ might not be doing _might not have done _ might not have been doing _另外：should have done表示当初本应该做(却没有做) ; shouldnt have done表示_;neednt have done表示_ (need have done不对，因为Need做情态动词不能用于肯定句)。中英互译：(1). If I were you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.(2) If she spoke good English, she could / might be employed by the school.(2) If they were really English, they speak wish French accents.(3) If we were to leave today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?(4) If John came tomorrow, what would you do?(5) If she asked me, I would help her.(6) If she had asked me, I would have helped her.(7) If she had been quarreling with her husband, she wouldnt have spoken to him that gently.(8). If they had been more careful, they couldnt have been injured.1. 如果桑兰当初没有成为体操运动员，她就不可能会受伤了。2. 如果我当初有能力帮你训练那帮球员，我就会帮你了。3. 如果当初努力的话，你昨天可能就不会那么费劲的写文章了。(struggle with sth)4. 如果当初你没有全心全意的为家人付出的话，昨天你就不可能会发现他们围绕在你周围。5. 假若你真是一个有活力的人，你也就不会成天觉得绝望了。6. 假若你每天真的做成几件事情，你也许会赢得很多人的钦佩。7. 假若你真的主动适应当地文化，你就不会为他们的思维方式所困扰了。8. 假使我将来某一天真对这种忙碌的生活厌倦了，我会放弃我的工作而去研究宗教。9. 假使她真成为一个信奉说实话的人，她就不会对你撒年龄的谎。10. 假使你真的给每项工作都分配足够时间的话，你到时候就不会觉得完成工作很难了。(allocate, adequate)II其它场合的虚拟：1. 我宁愿你明天 / 宁愿你昨天 / 宁愿你每天都2. 要是你每天 / 昨天 / 明天就好了!3. 某人真的希望他每天/昨天/明天4. 似乎某人真的每天/昨天/将来会III. 练习： 1. If she had worked harder, she _.A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 2.If my lawyer _here last Saturday, he _me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 3. Without electricity, human life _quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 4. -If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken 5. You didnt let me drive. If we _in turn, you _so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 6. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 7. Tom ought not to _me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 8. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 9. We _last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 10. I wish I _you yesterday. A. did see B. were to see C. saw D. had seen 11. “He is a brave man.” “ I wish I _his courage.” A. have B. had C. will have D. would have 12. “Have you ever been to Beijing?” “ No, but I wish I _.” A. would B. could C. had D. have 13. The plant is dead. I _it more water.A.will give B. would have givenC. must give D. should have given 14. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. mustnt hurry D. wouldnt have hurried 15. “Ill tell Mary about her new job”. “You _her last week.”A. ought to tell B. must tell C. would have told D. should have told 16 “ No one was prepared for the teachers question.” “We _the lessons last night.”A. would have read B. ought to have read C. could have read D. might have read 17. He _you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may given 18. I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You _with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 20. Sorry Im late. I_ have turned the alarm clock and gone back to shop again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 21. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?” “No, I didnt feel well, but I would have gone if I _.” A. did B. have C. would D. had 22. He insisted that we _early the next day A. start B. started C. would start D. had started 23. “He is a very brave man”. Yes, I wish I _his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have 24. If there were