13.3高中英语语法系列.doc

13.3 第二类句型-主语+及物动词+宾语13.1.1主语+及物动词+名词（代词）（5）1）“主+谓+宾”可能是英语中最常见的句型，在多数情况下宾语有名词或代词表示：Do you know these people?He loved poem.Have you ordered your meal?Silence means consent.They found a cure for cancer.2)有些动词和名词构成一种习惯用语（I地欧盟），有特别的意思：Dont catch cold.This theory doesnt hold water.Make haste, or we shall be late.Shes always making a fuss.He always takes pains with his work.13.3.2 主语+及物动词+自身代词(6)1)大量动词可以用自身代词作宾语：I cant express myself in English.He reproached himself for his rudeness.He often contradicts.I can support myself.Dont deceive yourself.有些成语动词后也可跟自身代词：Look after yourself.2)“动词+自身代词”可构成固定词组：Dont overwork yourself.Help yourself to a beer.Dont strain yourself talking,dear.3)有些动词后可跟自身代词，也可以不跟：Go and wash yourself,Tom.I must wash before dinner.13.3.3主语+动词+同源宾语（7）有些动词为不及物动词，都可用一个与同源的名词构成宾语，这种宾语称为同源宾语（Cognate Object）:Alice laughed a scornful laugh.She closed her eyes and wished a wish.He said his say and then sat down.13.3.4 主语+成语动词+宾语成语动词大体上有下面六类;1) 及物动词+副词（8）：He handed in his resignation this morning.Cross out those two sentences.Overwork brought on insomnia.副词有时可放到宾语后面去：Im not putting my meaning across very well.Ill think it over.这类句子也可用于被动结构：The meeting has been put off.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.A guerilla warfare was carried on successfully there.2)不及物动词+介词（9）：We must abide by the rules of the game.They will not agree to that agreement.I dont object to the idea.He thought of his boyhood.个别这种动词也可用于被动结构：The boy was looked after by her little sister.2) 不及物动词+介词+名词（10）：Thus the first workersleague came into being.The treaty will come into force next month.Dont stand on ceremony.Dont fall into bad habits.在这类结构中虽然介词后有宾语，但整个成语却接近于一个不及物动词，后面没有句子宾语，为了方便列在这里，放在13.2.3节后也可以。4）不及物动词+副词+介词（11）：We shouldnt look down on this work.We must face up to our difficulties.He doesnt feel up to the job.5)及物动词+名词+介词（12）：Pay attention to your grammar.Ill take care of it.Weve touch with him.She always takes particular notice of me.He made no reference to Peter.这类成语动词也用语被动结构：Preparation are being made for the sports meet.No reference was made by anyone to the past.6)及物动词+自身代词+介词（13）：Finally he avenged himself on the enemy.She abandoned herself to despair.He devoted himself to helping the poor.They no longer troubled themselves about him.You must reconcile yourself to a life of hardship and poverty.13.3.5主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）1）有大量及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语（14）：Someone is asking to see you.I cant bear to see you like this.She hated to lose her temper.You must try to improve.关于这种结构可参阅12.1.4节。2）有些动词后可用连接副词（代词）和不定式一道构成宾语：（15）You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent.Ask him where to go.He forget which way to go.13.3.6 主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）（16）Would you mind waiting a few minutes?I prefer standing.She could not help feeling depressed.13.3.7 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句（作宾语）（17）1）有大量动词可以跟that引导的从句作宾语（that有时可以省略）：I guess well leave now.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.She never doubted that she was right.He claimed that he saw the accident.关于那些动词后可跟这种成分作宾语，可参阅第18.2.1节。2）在某些动词后，从句中谓语（在美国）用动词原型，在英国多用“should+动词原形”构成谓语（用动词原形的人也不少）：She insisted that I (should) present.They demanded that the right to vote(should) be given to every asult.The situation requires that I (should) be there.I order(commanded)that we (should) attack at once.注：有时可用先行词it作形式上的宾语，而把宾语移到句子后部去：I take it you have been out.I have it on my conscience that I offended you.13.3.8 主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：1）有不少动词后面可跟连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：I didnt know where they had gone.I dont care what they say.He just said how he looked at it.Can you tell which is which?2有些动词后可以跟由连词whether或if引导的从句：I wonder whether(if) you could give me some advice.Ill