一般现在时.doc

一般现在时一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是初中英语语法重点。它表示：1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作。 I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. I get up at six every day.2.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 She likes English.Tom can swim The sky is blue.3.表示现在的状态或某人的身份。 Mary is a doctor.She is at school.4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 一般现在时常用的时间状语：其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes、seldom（很少）、 hardly ever、never、 twice a week、on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day morning/night/evening/day/week/year、等。 一般现在时的句子转换：（1）当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例：陈述句：She is a student.疑问句 Is she a student? 否定句 She is not a student.陈述句：I can swim.疑问句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.（2） 当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she,he,it）变成问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I,you,以及复数), doesnt（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a little brother. 疑问句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.哪些主语是第三人称单数?现归纳如下： 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字、字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter. I是个字母。 三单规则变化:（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化：be- am is are have-has只有当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用“三单形式”； 主语不是第三人称单数时动词用原形。一般现在时学生常见错误如下：一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：We are plant(plant) the trees in spring.解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。” 答案：plant自我检测：(一)、 单选1、 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2、 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3、 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain Disnt rain4、 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5、 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 、Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied(二)、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3 Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4 The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .Keys: (一)、 单选答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B(二)、填空1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look5 do have 6 wants二、单三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays 2 goes解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2，以o结尾的动词,变单三人称形式要加es. (以o结尾的名词变复数不同)三、在句式变换时易出错例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案：1 Does have 2 doesnt live解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加