高中英语 Unit 2 Robots Grammar同步讲练 新人教版选修7.doc

unit 2 robots grammar被动语态（一）语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式一般现在时be (am / is / are) +过去分词一般过去时be的过去式 (was / were) +过去分词一般将来时will + be +过去分词过去将来时would + be +过去分词现在进行时be (am / is / are) + being +过去分词过去进行时be的过去式 (was / were) + being +过去分词现在完成时have / has + been +过去分词过去完成时had + been +过去分词含有情态动词情态动词+ be +过去分词动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】 观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。1. its nice to be wanted.2. the books are to be sent to the young children.3. she didnt like to be treated as a child.4. the question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.5. they were shipped to america to be sold as slaves.6. he didnt want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.7. forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.【自我归纳】1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动形式有两种：一般式的被动式：to be done（句1句6）；完成式的被动式：_ （句7）。2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语（句1）、表语（句2）、宾语（句3）、_（句4）、状语（句5）、宾语补足语（句6）、主语补足语（句7）。【即学即练】i. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。1. the book _ (write) now and _ (believe) to be popular with young children.2. it has _ (declare) that there are five students _ (send) abroad for further study.3. i remember _ (tell) about the meeting _ (hold) next month.4. the child is happy _ (leave) alone at home at weekends because he can play computer games freely.5. there is a primary school _ (build) soon in the village so a lot of building materials _ (bring) here day and night. ii. 用被动语态完成下面对话。1. a：thousands of people have been killed in the past few years because of drunk driving. i think some measures must be taken to handle it. b：i couldnt agree more. it is said that it has been put into criminal law of the peoples republic of china already, and _ (以后酒驾者将会受到严惩). a: in my opinion, another measure to be taken is to make the public understand the harm of drunk driving.b: im afraid _ (这个问题不好处理), for it is a tradition in china to drink at dinners. 2. a: lisa, i got caught in the traffic jam yesterday. you will never know how angry i was!b: oh, sorry to hear that. the transport in beijing really needs to be improved.a: yes. a bus full of passengers had been stuck in the long queue for a long time. and the driver got shouted at by some passengers. b: he is not to blame for it. _ (汽车的数量应该控制一下) and people should be requested to travel by public transport.iii. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。space station unity 1. _ (complete) within the next decade, and international teams of astronauts will then be sharing quarters for long periods of time. what can 2. _ (do) to improve living conditions in space? heres what former astronauts suggest:food it doesnt taste as good in zero gravity. food should be made spicier in order for those effects 3. _ (overcome). international tastes must also 4. _ (consider).clothing layered clothing could help astronauts stay comfortable. the top layer should be designed 5. _ (remove) or added as temperatures vary.sleeping because of weightlessness, sometimes sleep 6. _ (disturb) in space. comfortable restraints must be provided to give a sense of stability.emotional needs people need “down time” in space just as they do on earth. time ought to 7. _ (provide) for relaxation and privacy.参考答案【自我归纳】 to have been done；定语【即学即练】 i. 1. is being written; is believed 2. been declared; to be sent 3. being told; to be held4. to be left 5. to be built; are being broughtii.1. drunk drivers will be heavily punished in the future; the problem is hard