高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（5）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（5）及答案阅读理解猜测词义1passage * both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. at night they search for food. animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. as their body tem- perature rises, these reptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. in the early evening, when the sun grows weaker, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. some desert animals, like desert birds, manage to find water holes. other desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that they eat. because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny amount of water. most deserts have only a small number of frogs and toads because these animals must be near water to survive. yet even these creatures have adapted (适应) to desert conditions. when small amounts of water collect in temporary streams, the desert-living frogs and toads become active. after a rainfall, they lay their eggs. the eggs grow into tadpoles in a few days and into adults in just four weeks, when the puddles (7(t7i;) dry up, the adult frogs or toads dig into the ground. their metabolism (新陈代谢) slows, and they stay beneath the ground until the next rain, which may be as good as a year away. until then, their bodily activities continue at a reduced rate.the camel-often called the ship of the desert-is one of the most successful desert animals. camels can go for long pe- riods without water, but eventually they must drink. when water becomes available to them after a long drought, they may drink 95 liters of water or more. when water is not available, what helps camels survive the desert heat is the fat stored in their humps (驼峰). a camels hump contains about 12 kilograms of fat. fat is rich in hydrogen. as the fat is digested, hydrogen from the fat combines with oxygen in the air that the camel breathes. the result is h20, or water. each kilogram of fat that a camel digests produces about a liter of water.1. desert animals are usually more active at night because . a. it is cooler at night b. it is easier to find water c. they like the dark d. they are less likely to be attacked at night 答案：a指导：文章的首句：“bothwarm-bloodedandcold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat”a项与此信息吻合。2. which of the following desert animals can get water only from the food? a. the camel b. the kangaroo c. the frog d. the rat. 答案：b指导：第二段：“other desert animals，such as the kangatoo rat and related jerboa，get wateronly from the food that theyeat”本句明确告知b项是正确的。注意：d项therat指的是“田鼠”。3. which of the following is true according to the passage? a. all the desert animals rest during the day. b. all the desert animals dont rest during the day. c. cold blooded desert animals are out most of the day. d. none of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day. 答案：b 指导：注意本句的意思是：并不是所有的沙漠动物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠动物都不在白天休息。4. the title for this passage could probably be_. a. hot deserts b. desert animals c. how desert animals get water d. ways to escape the desert heat 答案：b 指导：本文正是介绍“沙漠动物”的。5. the underlined word burrowsin the first paragraph can be replaced by _ a. holes b. caves c. rooms d. openings 答案：a指导：根据常识和burrows之前的underground一词可以作出判断。*结束 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。athe day when the jobs were handed out was one of the most exciting moments for all the children in the class. it took place during the first week of the term. every kid was given a job for which they would be responsible for the rest of that school year.some jobs were more interesting than others, and the children were eager to be given one of the best ones. when giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year. during the previous year rita had carried out the teachers instructions perfectly. all the children knew rita would be given the best job.but there was a big surprise. each child received a normal job. but ritas job was very different. she was given a little box containing some sand and one ant. though the teacher insisted that this ant was very special, rita felt disappointed. most of her classmates felt sorry for her. even her father became very angry with the teacher and he encouraged rita to pay no attention to this insignificant pet. however, rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest.rita started investigating all about her little ant and gave the ant the best food, and it grew quite a bit bigger.one day, a man, who looked very important, came into their classroom and declared, “your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rain forest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. among all the schools of this region, your class has best cared for the little ant.”that day the school was filled with joy and celebration. everyone thanked rita for having been so patient and responsible. and many children learnt that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the smallest tasks.26. what did the teacher base his decision on when giving out jobs to the children?a. their characters and interests. b. their class performance during the previous year.c. their working performance during the previous year.d. their ability of managing their accounts during the previous year.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据when giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year.在分发任务的时候，老师根据学生上一年的学习表现，故选c。27. what does the underlined sentence mean?a. each child got an important job.b. each child got an interesting job. c. the perfect student got the job of everyones preferenced. the most responsible student got the job of least interest.【答案】d【解析】句意理解题。根据因为上一年rita 表现最好，大家都认为老师应该给她一个最好的工作，可是有一个令人吃惊的事情，所以与学生的想法相反她被给一个没有兴趣的工作，故选d。28.what is ritas attitude to her fathers suggestion? a. negative. b. uncertain. c. totally positive. d. acceptive.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据he encouraged rita to pay no attention to this insignificant pet. however, rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest.她父亲鼓励她不要照顾那个小动物，可是rita却想做好这个没有趣的工作来表明自己的老师的错误决定，故选a。29. we can infer that the man who made the declaration is a _.a. hunter b. director c. biologist d. principal【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rain forest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. among all the schools of this region, your class has best cared for the little ant.”因为学生跟随他去森林研究动物，所以猜测可能是生物学家，故选c。30. what would be the best title for the passage?a. never complain about life.b. small tasks can lead to fortunes.c. men are best known by their friends.d. responsibility and intelligence bring good luck.【答案】b【解析】标题归纳题。根据最后一句总结性的话and many children learnt that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the smallest tasks. 可知小的工作带来好运气，故选b。新高考命题探究阅读理解猜测词义 passage * with fifteen years britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes of the recy cling of waste. the word rubbishcould lose its meaning be- cause everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. the latest project is to take a city of around half a million citizens and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. the aim is to find out how much of these raw ma terials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. this plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. another new-project is being set up to discover the best way of sorting and separating the rubbish. when this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. finally. the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.the first full-size giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 1. the underlined part should be well on with(para. 1 ) most probably means_. a. complete b. get ready to start c. achieve a great deal in d. put an end to 答案：c 指导：由下文介绍的关于回收利用废品的情况可以推断出来：be well on with sth.的意思是：achieve a greatdeal in sth在某方面有很大成就。2. what is not mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3? a. breaking up whatever is breakable. b. sharpening metal bars. c. separating light elements from the heavy ones. d. sorting out small pieces of metal. 答案：b 指导：原文中的信息是：first，讧willpassthroughsharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags而b项提供的信息却是“将铁条弄尖”。3. whats the main reason for big cities to build their own recy cling plants? a. to deal with wastes in a better way. b. to protect the environment from pollution. c. to get raw materials locally. d. to make much money from those plants. 答案：c指导：从最后一段withthegrowingcostoftransporting rubbish tomore distant dumps(随着把垃圾运到遥远的垃圾场的费用增加)”可以推断出，在大城市当地处理垃圾可以节省运费。4. the passage is mainly about _ a. a cheap way to get energy b. the place of recycling plants c. new ways of recycling wastes d. the probability of city environment答案：b 指导：结合全文和第二段可以作出判断。*结束 i usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.while any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. still, 1 was struck by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. in fact, the analysis showed, normal children between 9 and 17 have a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. why are americas kids so stressed? the report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation (孤独) brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. given that we cant turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation to cope. at the top of the list,nurturing (培育) is a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. no child is an island. strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. to help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on tvs and computers. your family will thank you later.they will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. its not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. keep your expectations for your children reasonable. many highly successful people never attended harvard or yale. make exercise part of your daily routine. it will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. sometimes anxiety is unavoidable,but it doesnt have to ruin your life.31.what does the author thinks of the conclusion that people in america are unhappier than 50 years ago?a. surprisingb. confusingc. illogicald. questionable【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据surprising令人吃惊的；confusing令人困惑的；illogical不合唱里的；questionable可疑的。i usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.作者对于调查结果持怀疑的态度，故选d。32.what does the author mean by saying “ we cant turn the clock back(para. 3)?a. its impossible to