英美文学作品赏析.ppt

SelectedReadingsinEnglishandAmericanLiterature THESUN Literature Literaturen 1 Thebodyofwrittenworksofalanguage period orculture 2 Imaginativeorcreativewriting especiallyofrecognizedartisticvalue Literaturemustbeananalysisofexperienceandasynthesisofthefindingsintoaunity 3 Theartoroccupationofaliterarywriter 4 Thebodyofwrittenworkproducedbyscholarsorresearchersinagivenfield medicalliterature 5 Printedmaterial collectedalltheavailableliteratureonthesubject 6 Music Allthecompositionsofacertainkindorforaspecificinstrumentorensemble thesymphonicliterature EnjoyingPoetry Or 1 Voice SpeakerandTone2 Image3 FigurativeLanguage4 SymbolandAllegory5 Syntax6 SoundEffect7 Form8 Theme EnjoyingPoetry SuggestionsonReadingPoetry1 Readslowlyanddeliberately readaloud 2 Identifyspeaker subject situation tone 3 Payattentiontospeciallanguagephenom 4 Considertheformandhowitsstructureshapesitsthoughtandemotion 5 Testpoemagainstyourownexperience 6 Identifysocial culturalandmoralvalues Yourownvaluesinfluenceyourevaluation EnjoyingPoetry TheDefinitionofPoetryTypesofPoetry1 thenarrative Epic Romance Ballad民谣2 thelyric Elegy Epigram Sonnet悼念 讽刺ElementsofPoetry1 Images Imagery 意象群 2 FiguresofSpeech Simile Metaphor Symbol Allegory Personification Hyperbole Metonymy Allusion Paradox寓言 拟人 夸张 借代 典故 矛盾3 SoundofPoetry Rhyme Rhythm Meter4 FormsofPoetry RhymingForms BlankVerse FreeVerse押韵诗 无韵诗 自由诗5 Theme themainidea Lecture1WilliamShakespeare WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 1 HistoricalBackgroundA QueenElizabethI apowerfulEnglandwiththefastdevelopmentofcapitalism WilliamShakespeare B Renaissance anintellectualmovementsprungfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope WilliamShakespeare Twofeatures athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature thehumanismmeansthenewfeelingofadmirationforhumanbeautyandhumanachievement WilliamShakespeare C ShakespearelivedinsuchaperiodandalsosuchaperiodmadehimthemostfamousandmostimportantEnglishwriter WilliamShakespeare 2 LifeandWorks Introductionofthegreatwriter slife A Hiscompleteworks 37plays2narrativepoems154sonnetsB mainlyfamousforhisgreatplays especiallytheoutstanding FourGreatTragedies Hamlet 哈姆雷特 KingLear 李尔王 Othello 奥赛罗 Macbeth 麦克白 1 BriefIntroductionWilliamShakespearewasthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived Hisfriend fellowplaywrightBenJonsonsaidthatShakespearewas notofanagebutforalltime The18th centuryEnglishessayistSamuelJohnsondescribedhisworkas themirroroflife The19th centuryEnglishpoetSamuelTaylorColeridgespokeof myriad mindedShakespeare The20th centuryEnglishdramatistGeorgeBernardShawstressedhis enormouspoweroverlanguage 2 HisLife CareerTheexactdateofShakespeare sbirthisnotknown buthisbaptismwasrecordedonApril26 1564 intheparishregisterofHolyTrinityChurchatStratford on Avon Sinceitwascustomarytobaptizeinfantswithintwoorthreedaysofbirth April23isregardedasareasonablebirthdate Itisalsothedateonwhichhediedin1616 Generally hisdramaticcareerisdividedinto4periods WilliamShakespeare 3 someotherfamousplays suchasRomeoandJuliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 andtodaywe lllearnthemarvelousexcerptfromit meetingatbalcony 阳台相会 whichwe lltalkaboutalittlebitlater 4 LiteraryAchievements1 Characterization2 PlotConstruction3 Language Contributionstolanguage Effectsonliterature HisInfluence 1 ContributionstolanguageManywordsandcommonlyusedphraseshavebeenaddedtoeverydayEnglishvocabularythroughtheirappearanceinShakespeare sworks 2 EffectsonliteratureShakespeare splays poetryhavehadapervasive persistent influenceonworldliterature Mostofthegreatliteraryfiguresoftheworldhavebeeninspired stimulatedbyhisachievement Onthewhole however Shakespeare scontributionhasbeentothelanguage spiritoflaterwritingratherthantoitsform References parallelstoShakespeare sphraseology diction haveoccurredinliteraturesincethe16thcentury PerhapsthegreatestinspirationtosubsequentauthorshasbeenShakespeare scapacitytodepict describe lifeinallitscomplexity toilluminate clarify man scharacter destiny 5 HisMajorTheme1 Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecution racialdiscrimination againstsocialinequality thecorruptinginfluenceofgold money 2 Hewasahumanistofthetime acceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature 6 HisLiteraryAchievements1 CharacterizationHismajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes Eachcharacterhashisorherownpersonalities meanwhile theymaysharefeatureswithothers Thesoliloquiesinhisplaysfullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters Shakespearealsoportrayshischaractersinpairs Contrastsarefrequentlyusedtobringvividnesstohischaracters Thewomenintheplaysarevividcreations eachdifferingfromtheothers Shakespearewasfondofportraying mockingwenches suchasKateoftheTamingoftheShrew RosalineofLove sLabor sLost BeatriceofMuchAdoAboutNothing buthewasequallyadeptatcreatinggentle innocentwomen suchasOpheliainHamlet DesdemonainOthello CordeliainKingLear HisfemalecharactersalsoincludethetreacherousGoneril Regan theiron willedLadyMacbeth thewitty resourcefulPortia thetender loyalJuliet thealluringCleopatra 2 PlotConstructionShakespeare splaysarewellknownfortheiradroit skillful clever plotconstruction Heseldominventshisownplots instead heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks orfromancientGreek Romansources Thereareusuallyseveralthreadsrunningthroughtheplay thusprovidingthestorywithsuspense apprehension anxiety worry 3 LanguageInShakespeare stime Englishgrammar spellingwerenotyetformalized soShakespearecouldfreelyinterchange exchange thevariouspartsofspeech usingnounsasadjectivesorverbs adjectivesasadverbs pronounsasnouns Suchfreedomgavehislanguageanextraordinaryflexibility whichenabledhimtoexpresshisthoughtsaseasilyinpoetryasinprose MostofShakespeare sdramaticpoetryisinblankverse orunrhymediambicpentameter Hisblandverseisespeciallybeautiful mighty powerful impressive Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabulary idiom Hiscoinage making creation ofnewwords distortion bend twist ofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader WilliamShakespeare C Shakespeare ssonnetsarealsoverygood Theyareacollectionof154poemsthatdealwithsuchthemesaslove beauty andmortality I llfirstintroduceSonnet18 themostfamousonewrittenbyhim 3 Sonnet18A Asonnetisalyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaof14iambicpentameterlineswithvariousrhymeschemes ItwasintroducedtoEnglandfromItalybySirThomasWyattandHenryHoward EarlofSurrey ItisaverypopularpoemformandusedwidelyinEnglishliterature IntheElizabethera EdmundSpenserwasalsofamousforhissonnets Andlater JohnMilton ByronandKeatsallcontributedexcellentsonnets Thewritingofsonnetseithertoone slove patronorafriend isafashionthen InmanyofthemShakespearedealswiththeproblemoftimepassing sometimesoptimistically sometimesinamoodofdespair Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay Andsummer sleasehathalltooshortadate Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm d Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines Bychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimm d Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st NorshallDeathbragthouwander stinhisshade Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st Solongasmencanbreathe oreyescansee Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday thee you Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate thou you art are RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay Andsummer sleasehathalltooshortadate lease time duration hath has Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines sometime sometimes Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm d dimmed Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines fair n 1 beautifulperson 2 beauty Bychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimm d trim dress Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade thy your Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st owest own NorshallDeathbragthouwander stinhisshade wanderest wander Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st growest grow Solongasmencanbreathe oreyescansee Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee WilliamShakespeare Questions 1 Whatisthesonnet srhymescheme 2 Whydoesthepoetsay Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate 3 Whatdoes this inthelastlinemean 4 Whatmakesthepoetbelieve Thou canbeimmortal 5 Whatisthethemeofsonnet18 B Thoughthesonnetisafixedform buttherhymeschemeofthesonnetisnotfixed AtypicalrhymeschemeusedbyShakespeareinallhissonnets ababcdcdefefgg C Explainandparaphrasethepoem SeenextpageD Thepoetexpressesdeeplovetohisfriend Theendingcoupletexplainsandsummarizesthetheme Poetryisimmortalandmakesbeautyimmortal WilliamShakespeare Notes temperate moderateormildroughwinds strongwindsdarling lovelylease 租约 租期 时间长度 complexion appearancedim darkenwithcloudbrag boasteternallines linesofpoetryandlinesofyourshape Explanation ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday you 英国属于海洋性气候 夏天温暖而不炎热 为一年中最宜人的季节 Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate youare moderateormild温和的 适宜的 RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay strongwinds狂风 darling lovely五月娇嫩的花蕊 Andsummer sleasehathalltooshortadate 租用房地的期 延续的一段时间 hath has date 时间 日期 时间长度 Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines sometime sometimes thesun指太阳 Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm d thesun sgoldenface appearance 气色脸色dimmed darkenwithcloud黯淡 Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines fair n 1 beautifulperson 具体的美人 2 beauty 美 美貌 Bychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimm d untrimmed undressed 夺走了华美的外衣 意为夺走了美貌 倒装句 自然的变迁 时间的进程 大意 由于偶然的原因或必然的发展 美丽的东西总会凋谢 Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade thy your Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st owest own NorshallDeathbragthouwander stinhisshade wanderest wander brag boast Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st growest grow inthispoemandothersonnetsyoubecomeapartoftime 你和诗行一样与时间共存 Solongasmencanbreathe oreyescansee Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee Paraphrasethelines 1howcanIcompareyoutoasummer sday 2youaremorelovelyandmoretemperate3theprettyflowersinthemonthofMaycanbeshakenbywind 4andsummer sbeautyistooshorteventobeaday5thesuninsummercanbetoohot6andoftenthesunshinecanbeinterruptedbyclouds 7allbeautiesbecomeinferiorcomparedtotheirpreviousstateofbeauty8soarenature sbeautythroughchanges theyalldeclinefromperfectness 9butyoureternalsummer praisesandpromisesinthissonnet shallnotfade10norlosethebeautyyouoncepossessedandowned11nordeathcandragyouawaybyitsshade12inthesesonnetlinesyou llalwaysgrow13solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee 14solongasthissonnetexistandthissonnetwillgivelifetoyou 莎士比亞十四行诗 第十八首 白话译文 1我可否将你比作夏天 你比夏天更可爱 也更温婉 狂风会把五月娇嫩的花蕾摧残 夏天延续的时间又过于短暂 苍天的巨眼有时候灼热而酷烈 它金色的容颜又常遭乌云遮蔽 无论是偶然的还是必然的凋谢 一切美好的东西终将会被摧折 可是啊 你永恒的夏天决不会消逝 你娇美的容颜啊 永远不会年老色衰 就连死神也无法夸口你在他的阴影里徘徊 你会在不朽的诗行里与时间同在 只要有人能呼吸 有眼睛在闪亮 只要这诗篇依然流传 你就会随之万古流芳 白话译文 2我能否将你比作夏天 你比夏天更美丽温婉 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残 夏日的勾留何其短暂 休恋那丽日当空 转眼会云雾迷蒙 休叹那百花飘零 催折于无常的天命 唯有你永恒的夏日常新 你的美貌亦毫发无损 死神也无缘将你幽禁 你在我永恒的诗中长存 只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇 这诗就将不朽 永葆你的芳颜 Commentary ThisisprobablythemostfamousofShakespeare ssonnets Structurally itcanbedividedintotwoparts Thefirsteightlinesareaboutthetransience death ofnaturalbeauty insummer insunshine andinflowers Thelastsixlinesareabouttheimmortalityof your beauty i e thebeautyofthepersonthepoemisdedicatedto Weareallpartofnatureandweareallsubjectto nature schangingcourse Weshallliveourlifeanddie justasallnaturalobjectsareintime untrimmed bychanceorfate Thepoemstartsoutasapraiseof your beauty butthenturnsintoaprofoundmeditationontimeandchange andonthenatureofearthlylife Thereisanotherissuesuggestedinthepoem Your beautyissaidtobe eternal above nature schangingcourse But you achievedimmortalitybybecomingthesubjectof my poem Solongasmencanbreathe oreyescansee Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee Inotherwords my poemgiveseternityto your beauty Inthissense thissonnetisalsoaboutthepermanenceofartandpoetry CriticalPointsShakespeare scontributiontoEnglishDramaandLanguageShakespeareisageniusofversatileliterarygenres Heisamasterofcomedy tragedyandhistoryplays hewasskilledinmanypoeticforms thesong thesonnet thecouplet andthedramaticblankverse 2 HeisagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage HecommandedavocabularylargerthananyotherEnglishwriters Heused16 000wordsinhisworks ManyofhiscoinagesandturnsofphrasehavebecomeeverydayusageinEnglishlife 3 Hiseternalcharmcomesfromhisprofoundunderstandingofhumanbehaviorunderdifferentcircumstances andexcellentapplicationofpoeticanddramaticmeanstopresentalivelypanoramaofhumanlife 4 Shakespeare spoeticartistryhelpedraisethestatusofpopulartheatre permittingittobeadmiredbyintellectualsaswellasbythoseseekingpureentertainment ThepopularityofShakespeareisnotconfinedtotheEnglishpeopleandtohisownage HeisnowgenerallyacceptedasthegreatestEnglishdramatist WilliamShakespeare CriticalPoints Despitevictimsoffeudalfamilies RomeoandJulietarepraisedasimagesoftruelove symbolsoffaithfulness Thoughatragedy theplayisoptimisticinspirit Itisasongoftheyouthandlove witandcourageoftheyoungmenandwomen againstthedrabbackgroundoffeudalism Theplayisfullofpoetryandromance EnjoyingEssays Theessay atermoriginallytakenfromFrenchword essai meaning attempt isacomposition usuallyinprose whichmaybeofonlyafewhundredwordsorofbooklengthandwhichdiscusses formallyorinformally atopicoravarietyoftopics Asoneofthemostflexibleandadaptableofallliteraryforms itundertakestodiscussamatter expressapointofview persuadeustoacceptathesisonanysubject orsimplyentertain In1597 FrancisBaconpublishedhisfirstcollectionofaphoristicessays heusedEssayasitstitleandbecamethefirstEnglish essayist EnjoyingEssays Concerningthematterofstyle theessayfallsintothecategoryofnon fictionalproseCommonClassification formalargumentative 辩论的 makingclaimsandpresentevidencetosupportthem EnjoyingEssays ElementsofEssays1 Voice speaker stone attitudetowardsubject2 Style certaineffects choicesindiction syntax figurativelanguage Eachessayist sstyleisunique 3 Structure patterns theformorshapeofthecontentthattheessayasawholepossesses 4 Thought havingsomethingonminds onewanttoexpressanidea factualratherthanfictional Thereisnothoughtwithoutfeeling emotions Feeling infact ismixedwiththoughtexpressedinlanguage EnjoyingEssays SuggestionsonReadingEssays1 Readthroughit centeronsubjectandidea Yourresponses questions experience2 Readagain concentrateonstructureanddevelopmentoftheargument Payspecialattentiontoshiftsofdirection changesoflanguageandtone exampleandimage sceneandpointofview 3 Duringsecondorpossiblyathirdreading concentrateonlanguageandstyle Noticediction syntax imageryandfigurativelanguage Consideritreveals singleoutpassagesthathighlightthecentralidea 4 Considerthevaluestheauthorexpressesintheessay aswellastheessay smainassumption EnjoyingFiction ByLengthofwriting 1 novels2 novellas shortnovels 3 shortstoriesByContentofwriting 1 fairytales2 mysterystories3 sciencefictionstories4 popularromanceTheearlierformsoffiction 1 parables2 fables3 tales EnjoyingFiction ElementsofFiction1 PlotandStructure2 Characters3 Setting4 PointofView5 IronyandSymbol6 Theme EnjoyingFiction SuggestionsonReadingFiction1 Readuntilunderstandtheplotandthecharacters 2 Identifythesettingandpointofview 3 Payattentiontospeciallanguagephenomena 4 Ponderoverthetheme5 Experience youmightfeellostinamaze 6 Identifyseveralfactors toenhanceyourunderstanding 1 Oneofthemostinfluentialnovelistsoftheearly19thcentury famousforherbiting sharp socialcommentaryandmasterfuluseofbothfreeindirectdiscourse 叙述 andirony alsoamongthefirstEnglishwomentobreakthemalemonopoly 垄断 ofnovelwriting 2 Herbestnovels PrideandPrejudiceandEmma dealwiththesubjectofmarriage Thiswasinfactacentralpreoccupation 当务之急 andproblemfortheyoungleisure classladiesofthatage JaneAusten 1775 1817 HerMajorWorks SenseandSensibility 1811firstnovel tellsastoryabouttwosistersandtheirloveaffairs 理智与情感 PrideandPrejudice 1813mostpopular dealswiththefiveBennetsistersandtheirsearchforsuitablehusbands 傲慢与偏见 HerMajorWorks Emma 1815 givesthethoughtoverself deceptivevanity 爱玛 Persuasion 1818 contraststhetruelovewiththeprudentialcalculations 劝导 JaneAusten 1775 1817 3 PrideandPrejudiceisthemostpopularofJaneAusten snovels oneofthefirstRomanticcomediesinthehistoryofthenovelanditsopeningisoneofthemostfamouslinesinEnglishliterature Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune mustbeinwantofawife 4 Thestoryaddressescourtship 求爱 求婚 andmarriageamongthelandedgentry 英国仅次于贵族的 绅士阶级 上等人士 intheearly19thcentury ThemaincharacterisElizabethBennet ThemainplotistheprocessofthecourtshipbetweenElizabethandDarcy andtheconflictofhisprideandherprejudice JaneAusten 1775 1817 IntroductiontoChapter1ofVolumeITheopeningstatementofthenovelisironic Ithasasubtle andunstated unspoken meaning thatis asinglewomanmustbeinneedofawealthyhusband JaneAusten 1775 1817 Thefirstchapterconsistsalmostentirelyofdialogue atypicalinstanceofAusten stechniqueofusingthemannerinwhichcharactersexpressthemselvestorevealtheirtraits personalities andattitudes Thereislittledescriptionofthecharactersinthenovel sothereader sperceptionofthemisshapedlargelybytheirconversation JaneAusten 1775 1817 TB P 39 top Noticethedialoguebetweenthehusbandandthewife It slivelyanddramatic perfectlyrevealingthecharacters personality TBP 40 end Thisisanamusingdescriptionoftherelationbetweentheoldcouple andalsoakeenobservationanddistinctillustrationofMrs Bennet slifeandcharacter JaneAusten 1775 1817 JaneAusten sviewoflifeisatotallyrealisticone 简 奥斯汀对生活抱有完全的现实主义的观点 ThemajorthemeofJane snovelsisloveandmarriagetowardwhichsheholdsonapracticalidealism loveshouldbejustifiedbyreasonanddisciplinedbyself control Shechoosestostaywithinthetinyfieldthatsheknowsbest Shehasbecomeapopularclassicandhasbeenadmiredforherwit hercommon sense herinsightintocharactersandsocialrelationships 其作品主题为爱情与婚姻 对此 她抱有一种较为实际的理想主义 爱情必须有理智及道德准则的约束 其作品背景都很狭小 但都是她熟悉的 她的智慧 常识及对人物和人际关系深刻的洞察颇受读者喜爱 CharlesDickens 1812 1870 CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealisticwritersoftheVictorianAge Hislanguagecould inaway becomparedwithShakespeare s Hishumorandwitseeminexhaustible Character portrayalisthemostoutstandingfeatureofhisworks Dickensisamasterstory teller Hisworksarealsocharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathos 狄更斯是一位讲故事的大师 其作品另一特点 将幽默与哀伤的泪水交汇起来 CharlesDickens 1812 1870 FourDistinctFeaturesofHisNovels1 CharacterSketches Exaggeration2 BroadHumor PenetratingSatire3 Complicated FascinatingPlot4 ThePowerofExposure CharlesDickens 1812 1870 Hismajorworks 1 Ol