英汉翻译技巧.doc

翻译技巧第一节 否定句式的翻译She is not a dancer. 她不是一个舞蹈家。She is no dancer. 她算不上个舞蹈家。It is not an easy task.这不是一件容易的事情（客观评价）It is no easy task. 这可不是一件容易的事情。（主观评价）一、 完全否定e.g. 1. There are no denying facts.2. None of the answers are right.二、部分否定e. g. 1. All that glitters is not gold.(=Not all that glitters is gold.) 闪光的不都是金子。None that glitters is gold. 闪光的都不是金子。Glitter/ twinkle/ sparkle/ flash/ shine/ brighten/ light/ lit/ blink/ glisten/ gleam/ flame/ illuminate / glow / glorify 2. I do not want everything.I do not want anything. 三、形式否定1、 cannot .too. 意思是不可能是过分的，一般翻译为 无论怎样都不过分1）We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. 2) We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.2. It is adj. + N. + that + 否定从句1). It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聪明的人也会犯错误。2） It is a good horse that never stumbles and a good wife that never grumbles. 3. too.to. 太。而不能。1）Beginners are too apt to make mistakes in grammar.2) She was too eager to know the result of her experiment. 4. not .other than .原意是 除了。就不。1) We do not like him other than he is now. 我们就喜欢他现在的样子。2) I can not read the long letter other than cursorily. 四、 含蓄否定。1） It is a foolish bird that fouls its own nest. 2) I desire nothing other than to be left in peace.3) That is more than I can do.4) This is the last place where I expected to have met you. 5) Young people are the least conservative. 6) Such a chance was denied to me.7) Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.8) We have read your article. We expected to meet an older man.9) If it worked once, it can work twice. 五、 否定转移1) I have not come to you for money. 我来不是找你要钱的。2) One does not live to eat, but eats to live.3) I have not come to China to forth on what divides us but to build on what binds us. 4) At no time can we give up learning.5) The oceans do not so much divide the earth as unite it. The oceans do divide the earth not so much as unite it.6) He is not more fond of playing chess than you are. 他不比你更爱下棋。六、 双重否定1) It never rains but it pours. 不下则已，下则倾盆。2) Fight no battle unprepared. 3) He is too wicked not to meet a bad end some day. 他太坏了，总有一天会有恶报。练习1、 The problem is above/beyond me. 2、 This question is far from being complicated.3、 She is the last woman I wanted to sit next to.4、 It is a wise father that knows his own child.5、 Dont be vain because you are good-looking.6、 You should not despise a man because he is poor.第二节 比较句式的翻译一、 各种比较格式的替换1、 Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. 我在国外从来没有听过把美国音乐演奏得这样好的。2、 The beavers do it by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach. 河狸伐木的方法是沿着它们所够得着的最高部位，围着树干不停的啃。3、 Nothing is more important than the signal sent to the president. 给总统的信息才是最重要的。二、等比句式1、 He is as/so kind as his sister is honest. 他妹妹诚实，而他善良。A to B as C is to D./What A to B is C to D. 2、 You are as wrong as wrong can be. 你大错特错了。3、 We hoped things would go better, but as it is they are getting worse. 我们原以为事态好转，可事实上却更糟了。As it was, come as you are , as you were. 4、 The painter does not copy nature as it is. 画家并非完全写实。5、 You had better take things as they are. 你得接受事物的现状。6、 I am wiser than to believe it. 我还不至于傻到相信这种事。三、最高级1、 There is no enemy more fatal to prejudice than facts. 偏见最致命的敌人莫过于事实了。2、 Few are better qualified for the job than he is. 3、 There wont be a warmer place than home. 4、 You couldnt have come at a better time. 你来得正是时候。四、介词短语1、 He values wealth above health. He is above/about to do that. 2、 Work should come before pleasure.3、 Good advice is beyond price. 4、 She looks young for her age. / She looks younger than she is. 五、择比句式1、Better do nothing than do a poor job.2. I have a preference for Chinese to foreign novels. 3. I would rather/would as soon go boating as play tennis. 4. Sleeping is my last thing to do in weekends.练习 1、 Most people put quality before quantity. 2、 The total is under what was expected. 3、 Nothing is sadder than to part forever. 4、 She is more attractive than clever.5、 It proved to be no more than a joke. 6、 The lion is no more merciful than the tiger.7、 The lion is not more merciful than the tiger.8、 A man can no more fly than a bird can speak.9、 Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.10、 There were no less than fifty killed and wounded. Casualties. 第三节、定语从句的翻译一、 限制性定语从句1、 处理成前置定语e.g.1. He therefore resolved immediately to acquaint him with the fact which we have above slightly hinted. 因此，他马上决定把我们刚刚隐约提到的那件事告诉他。2. The people who worked for him lived in fear of him. 3. This is the scholar who just returned from abroad.4. Those who sacrifice themselves for the peoples cause are the real heroes of history. 2、 处理成并列句1. It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，信上说你的叔叔去世了。2. I have strong opinions which wouldnt suit you. 我有一些坚决的主张，怕对你们不合适。3. Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. 维基是一个精力充沛的学生，她不辞劳苦的撰写那篇关于14世纪一位鲜为人知的诗人的学位论文。二、非限制性定语从句1、处理成并列句e.g. 1. He said that this was a good suggestion, which he would look into. 他说这是个很好的建议，一定要加以研究。2. We make steam pass through a pipe, round the outside of which cold water circulates. 我们使蒸汽通过一根管子，在管子周围有冷水循环。2、处理成独立句e.g. 1. I hope your success, which is an inspiration to me, will continue. 你的成功对我是个鼓舞，我希望你不断取得成功。2. Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that computations were accurate.不过问题还是圆满的解决了，这说明计算是准确的。3. He had talked to Vice-president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统谈过话。副总统向他保证，凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。三、分述法1、将关系代词还原e.g. One day Miss Elizabeth wrote a letter to Jane Austin, who was a famous woman writer. 有一天，伊丽莎白小姐写了一封信给简奥斯丁，奥斯丁是一位著名的女作家。2. At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradley and a shy girl who seemed even younger than the others. 席间我发现我的两旁分别是布莱德利太太和一位腼腆的姑娘。这姑娘看上去比其他人都要年轻。2、简化或概括先行词e.g. 1. I received the impression of a brutal, clever, competent man who, in business matters, at all events, would be pitiless. 我对这个人的印象是又残酷又精明能干。这种人在生意上无论如何都是毫不徇情的。2. Aunt Harriet lived in that leisure age when servants were employed to do homework. 哈里特姑妈生活在一个悠闲的时代，那时家务活都可以雇佣人来做。3. Isabel was a tall girl with the oval face, straight nose, fine eyes and full mouth that appeared to be characteristic of the family. 伊莎贝尔是个身材高挑、椭圆脸、直鼻梁、眉清目秀、嘴唇丰满的姑娘。这一切看来都是她家族的特征。练习：1、 he had been too proud to acknowledge the tenderness which his heart felt. 2、 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.3、 The paternal laugh was echoed by Joseph, who thought the joke funny. 4、 In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness. 5、 In fact, many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them. 6、 She wears an expensive suit which looked better on a model than it does on her. 7、 An atom is not a solid spherical particle, as it was once thought to be. 8、 This exquisite harmony between nature and man explains in part the enchantment of the older Britain, in which whole towns fitted into the landscape, as if they were no more than bits of woodland. 自然与人和谐无比，这正是英国从前的部分魅力所在。当时的英国，整个城镇像片片树林一样，巧妙的融入风景画里了。There be 句型的翻译一、 一般结构1、 there be +名词。常处理为有或不译。There is not any body in an absolute state of rest in the world. There is only he to take me to the hospital.2、 there be no+n.+doingthere is no use in grumbling.There is no good frightening them now.There is nothing like leather for shoes.There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. There is nothing but to rush the injured to hospital. 省略法省略代词1、 All the fellows gathered around, stretching their necks like geese.2、 Truth is tough. It will not break like a bubble at a touch; nay, you may kick it about all day like a football, and it will be round and full at evening.3、 The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 4、 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. 从修辞角度考虑的省略1. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.2. For generation, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport from place to place. 练习：1. He was naturally proud and ambitious, but he was honest and true, and always put the interests off his countrymen before his own.2. He who knows not and knows not he knows not, he is a fool-shun him. (无知且不知其无知者，乃愚昧之人-应避之。)3. he who knows and not knows he knows, he is asleepwake him.（知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人-应唤之。）增译法句法结构上的1. Seeing falsely is worse than blindness and speaking falsely than silence. (所见不真犹不如盲，所言不实不如缄默)2. Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 3. an American officer slipped on a banana skin. 4. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.5. Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.从修辞或意义上的1. He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.2. The crowds melted away.3. he sank down with his face in his hands.4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain conditions.5. The administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 6. I still remember the night when I came to the village. 7. Flowers bloom all over the yard.8. The lion is the king of animals.9. the mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 转译法1. 英语名词的转译e.g. 1. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 2. The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has promoted them to take resolute measures and create new ones. 3. Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.4. Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products. 5. We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 6. I have always wondered at the passion many people have of going abroad.7. The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. Exercises:1. I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here. 2. The pressure of work has somewhat delayed my answer.3. Modern airplanes have made the world seem a smaller space. 4. For nearly all substances the density gets smaller as the temperature is raised. 引申法1. Many graduates considered homes as a last refuge from going to employment.2. Bama, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Nanning.3. The seasons came and went.4. How do we account for this difference be