【备战】高考英语 精讲巧解分类攻克5.doc

备战2014高考英语精讲巧解分类攻克5动词和动词短语1接不定式(不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词afford(买得起；有能力做)，agree(同意)，arrange(安排)，ask(要求；让)，beg(请求)，fail(失败)，choose(选择)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决定)，expect(期待)，fear(害怕)，help(帮助)，hope(希望)，learn(学习)，manage(设法)，offer(提出)，plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，promise(许诺)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想要)，wish(希望)it is a very important exam so i cant afford to fail it.这是非常重要的考试，我不可以失败。my neighbour offered to help me when i was in trouble.当我困难时，邻居主动提出帮我忙。2接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，avoid(避免)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，deny(否认)，dislike(不喜欢)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，fancy(想象)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，stand(忍受)，imagine(想象)，keep(继续)，mention(提到)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，permit(允许)，practise(练习)，prohibit(禁止)，report(报道)，risk(冒险)，stop(停止)，suggest(建议)，understand(理解)i really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事。(2007江苏卷)can i smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗？sorry.we dont allow smoking here.对不起，我们不允许在这里吸烟。3接不定式作宾补的33个常用动词advise(建议)，allow(允许)，ask(要求)，beg(请求)，cause(导致)，command(命令)，drive(驱使)，elect(选举)，encourage(鼓励)，expect(期望)，forbid(禁止)，force(强迫)，get(使；要)，help(帮助)，intend(打算)，invite(邀请)，leave(委托)，like(喜欢)，mean(打算)，need(需要)，oblige(迫使)，order(命令)，permit(允许)，persuade(说服)，prefer(宁愿)，request(要求)，remind(提醒)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，train(训练)，want(想要)，warn(警告)，wish(希望)mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself，but her parents did not allow her to do so.玛丽想独自一人环游世界，但是她父母不允许她这样做。visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。4接现在分词作宾补的15个常用动词catch(碰上；撞上)，discover(发现)，feel(感觉)，find(发现)，get(让，使)，have(使)，hear(听见)，keep(使)，listen to(听)，look at(看)，notice(注意到)，observe(观察)，see(看见)，start(使)，watch(观察)she observed a man walking in the street.她看到一个男子在大街上行走。he had the light burning all night long.他让灯着了整整一个晚上。5主动语态中接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel(感觉)，have(使)，hear(听见)，let(让)，listen to(听)，look at(看)，make(使；让)，notice(注意)，observe(观察)，see(看见)，watch(观察)to be honest，i didnt notice them come in.诚实地说，我没注意到他进来。6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like(喜欢)，love(喜爱)，hate(讨厌)，prefer(宁愿)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)，cant bear(不能忍受)，bother(费心)，intend(想要)，attempt(试图)having talked to him for a while i started to like him.和他聊了一会儿，我开始喜欢他了。they have already started planning for it.他们早已开始计划此事了。7可接双宾语的34个常用单词(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的19个常用动词award(授予)，bring(带来)，hand(递)，lend(借)，mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)，post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell(卖)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写)they awarded the first prize to john.他们授予约翰一等奖。(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的15个常用动词book(预订)，buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，draw(画)，fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做)，order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)，spare(留出)i cant spare time for a holiday at present.目前我抽不出时间度假。8可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的8个常见动词accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)this photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学生时代。9可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.”的8个常见动词blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)forgive me for saying so，but i think thats nonsense.请原谅我这么说，我认为那是无稽之谈。1.(2010福建卷)in this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well.i cant agree more.its great to have the two_.alinkedbrelatedcconnecteddcombined解析：句意为：在当今时代，妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。本题考查动词词义辨析。link 指将两事物相连接；relate指将两事物联系起来；connect也指将两事物相连接或联系；combine 指把两者结合起来。根据句意，故d项正确。答案：d2(2010浙江卷)the majority of people in the town strongly_the plan to build a playground for children.aconsiderbsupportcconfirmdsubmit解析：本题考查动词。句意为：这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。consider 考虑，认为；support 支持，支撑，养活；confirm 确认；submit 提交，呈递，屈服。根据句意以及副词strongly可得知答案为b项。答案：b3(2010天津卷)he telephoned the travel agency to_three air tickets to london.aorderbarrangectakedbook解析：句意为：他给旅行社打电话订了三张去伦敦的机票。本题考查动词辨析。order：request sb.to bring(food，drink，etc.)in a hotel，restaurant，etc.(在旅馆、饭店等)叫(饭菜、饮料等)；book：reserve(a place，accommodation，etc.)，buy(a ticket，etc.)in advance预订(位子，膳宿等)，预购(票等)；arrange安排，布置；take 拿走，取走。答案：d4(2010江西卷)parents_much importance to education.they will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.aattachbpayclinkdapply解析：句意为：父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attach much importance to.认为很重要；link.to.把与联系起来；apply(.)to 运用，应用。答案：a5(2010辽宁卷)the new movie_to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.apromises bagrees cpretendsddeclines解析：句意为：这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。本题考查动词辨析。promise to be有希望成为；agree to do sth.同意做某事；pretend to do sth.假装做某事；decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。答案：a1常用短语(1)base.on.把建立在基础上(2)care about 在乎，计较，介意(常用于否定句和疑问句)(3)cheer up高兴起来，振作起来(4)carry out 实施，完成(5)catch up with 赶上(6)date back to/from 追溯至，始于(7)hold back 阻挡，忍住，保留，隐瞒(8)knock down 撞倒，击倒(9)lay aside 把搁置一旁，储存(10)work out 算出，制定出2与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词breakbreak away from 脱离break down 坏掉，出故障；垮掉break into 闯入，破门而入break out (战争)爆发break in 破门而入break off 打断，中断break through 逾越，突破；冲破break up 打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止callcall for 需要；邀请call on/at号召；访问call in 召集；召来call up 召唤，召集；打电话call off 取消comecome about 发生come across 偶遇come to 共计，达到，苏醒come true 变为现实come up 走上前，被提出come up with 提出come into being 形成get get about 四处走动；传开get across 传达get away 逃脱，设法离开get down 下来；记下get in 收割；到达get off 出发；下班get together 聚会get through 接通；通过get down to 开始认真干get over 克服get along/on with 进展；相处givegive up 放弃give in屈服give out 用尽；分发give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off 发出give back 归还，使恢复gogo against 违背；对不利go ahead 开始，进展，进行go after/for 追逐，追求go without 勉强维持；凑合go in for 爱好，参加，从事go through 通过；经历go over 复习；仔细审查go by 过去，经过holdhold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up使耽搁hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)hold together 团结一致hold on to 保留，抓住不放makemake up for 补偿，弥补make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足putput aside 把放在一边put away 把收好put down 扑灭，平息put forward 提出put off 延期；推诿put out 扑灭；生产put up with 忍受，容忍put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿turnturn down拒绝；调低turn in 上交turn out 结果是，证明是turn over 移交，交给turn up 出现；调高turn off 关掉turn on打开turn away 走开turn to 求助于；翻到1.(2010辽宁卷)thousands of people_to watch yesterdays match against ireland.aturned onbturned incturned arounddturned out解析：句意为：结果成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。本题考查动词短语。turn on打开(电器)；turn in上交；turn around转身；turn out 结果是，证明是。答案：d2(2010福建卷)weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do.lets_it.akeep up withbdo away withcget down todlook forward to解析：句意为：我们刚搬进一幢较大的房子，有许多事要做。让我们着手做吧。本题考查动词短语辨析。a项意为“跟上”；b项意为“废除，去掉”；c项意为“开始，着手做”；d项意为“期望”。答案：c3(2010浙江卷)after that，he knew he could_any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.aget away withbget on withcget throughdget across解析：句意为：之后，他明白了只要尽其所能，把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。get away with 意为“带着逃脱，离开”；get on with 意为“继续做”；get through 意为“通过，做完，解决”；get across 意为“越过，被理解，通过”。根据句意可知答案为c项。答案：c4(2010安徽卷)no matter how low you consider yourself，there is always someone_you wishing they were that high.agetting rid of bgetting along withclooking up to dlooking down upon解析：句意为：无论你把自己看得多么的低微，总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你)那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。look up to 仰视、尊敬；get rid of 除掉；get along with 相处、进展；look down upon 轻视、看不起。答案：c5(2010天津卷)joining the firm as a clerk，he got rapid promotion，and_as a manager.aended upbdropped outccame backdstarted off解析：句意为：他进入公司时只是一个小职员，后来晋升很快，最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。end up as职位/职业表示“最终做了某职位或职业”；drop out 退学或退出；come back 回来；start off 出发。答案：a1(2010新课标全国卷)the workers_the glasses and marked on each box “this side up”acarriedbdeliveredcpresseddpacked解析：句意为：工人们把那些玻璃杯打包，并且在每个盒子上标上“请勿倒置”的字样。本题考查动词辨析。语境提到“玻璃杯”和“每个盒子”，可见这里表示工人把这些玻璃杯打包进行包装，因此选d。pack打包。carry搬，扛，运；deliver 分发，投递；press 按，压。答案：d2(2010山东卷)your house is always so neathow do you_it with three children?amanage bservecadapt dconstruct解析：句意为：你的房子总是这么整洁有三个孩子，你是怎样做到这一点的？manage：succeed in doing(sth.)成功做成(某事)；完成(困难的事)，应付(困难局面)；serve 服务；adapt 适应，改写；construct 建设，it 在这里指代“your house is always so neat.”这一现象。答案：a3(2010湖北卷)had she_her promise，she would have made it to yale university.alooked up toblived up tockept up withdcome up with解析：句意为：假如她当初遵守自己的诺言，她本可以被耶鲁大学录取的。本题考查动词短语辨析。live up to 符合，履行，look up to 抬头看；keep up with 赶上；come up with 想出。答案：b4(2010陕西卷)you look well.the air and the sea foods in sanya must_you，i suppose.aagree withbagree tocagree ondagree about解析：句意为：你气色很好。我想，三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。本题考查的是动词词组。agree with：suit sb.s health or digestion (对某人的健康或胃口)适合。又如：if the type of food does not agree with you，it makes you feel ill.agree to 同意，愿意；agree on：if people agree on sth.，they all decide to accept or do sth.就某事达成一致协议。答案：a5(2010全国卷)my mother opened the drawer to_the knives and spoons.aput awaybput upcput ondput together解析：句意为：妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away (使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里；put up举起，建造、搭起，张贴等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戏剧)；put together合计，合起来，组装。根据句意，a项正确。答案：a6(2010安徽卷)how did you like nicks performance last night?to be honest，his singing didnt_to me much.aappealbbelongcreferdoccur解析：句意为：你觉得nick 昨天晚上表演得怎么样？说实话，他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.attract or interest sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣。belong to 属于；refer to 谈到、提到；occur to 发生。答案：a7(2010江西卷)smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just_sweet dreams.akeep up withbput up withcend up withdcatch up with解析：句意为：睡前闻闻这些花，你可能就会做美梦。本题考查动词短语辨析。 keep up with 跟上；put up with 忍受，容忍；end up with 以结束；catch up with 追上，赶上。c项符合句意。答案：c8(2010四川卷)jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man _and left.atook upbgot upcshut updset up解析：句意为：jenny 正在找座位，这时正好有个人起身离开了。本题考查动词短语辨析。take up从事，占据；get up 起床，起身；shut up 关闭，闭嘴；set up建立，搭起。答案：b9(2010山东卷)sam_some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.abrought upblooked up cpicked up dset up解析：句意为：sam 只通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。考查动词短语辨析。bring up 抚养；look up 抬头看，查询；pick up好转，开车接人，认出，学会；set up建造，搭起。根据句意故选c项。答案：c10(2010江苏卷)the experiment has_the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet，but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.afound outbpointed outcruled outdcarried out解析：句意为：试验排除了那个星球有生命存在的可能性，但是这并不意味着其他星球上就没有生命存在。本题考查动词短语。find out 查明；point out 指出；rule out 排除；carry out 贯彻，执行，根据句意可知答案为c项。答案：c1(2011山东淄博模拟)the headmaster will_a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.adeliver baddresscannounceddeclare解析：句意为：今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。deliver 发表，deliver a speech 发表演讲。address sb.对某人讲话，对某人发表演说；announce 宣布，通告；declare 宣告，声明。答案：a2(2011东北三校模拟)i think i should wear a dress instead of this jeans.its just a small informal party，so you dont have to_.awarm upbput upcdress updkeep up解析：句意为：我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。这只是一个不太正式的小聚会，因此，你不必刻意打扮。dress up 穿上特殊服装，乔装，化妆。答案：c3(2011山东临沂)if you keep practising your son in football，he _to make a famous player.awantsbhopescpromisesdwishes解析：句意为：如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练，他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise 有前途，有的可能。答案：c4(2011山东烟台模拟)newlydeveloped materials for spaceships can_extreme weather conditions.aholdbsupportcstanddcompete解析：句意为：新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。stand 抵抗，抵御，经受，符合语境。答案：c5(2011杭州模拟)everyone in the village hoped that he would_after a few days treatment.apick upbcome upckeep updmake up解析：句意为：村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 好转，恢复；come up 走上前来，发芽，发生；keep up 保持；make up 编造，弥补，化装，构成。答案：a6(2011山东枣庄调研)he didnt _what i said because his mind was on something else.ahold onbhang onctake indget over解析：句意为：他没有理解我说的话，因为他刚才想别的呢。take in理解，领会；hold on 不挂断；hang on 坚持，不挂断，靠着，渴望；get over 爬过，克服，熬过，恢复。答案：c7(20103月济南模拟)stella was disappointed to find her new plan_and fell into great depression.aput awaybcarried outcturned downdleft out解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：stella 看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望，难以振作。put away 收起来，放好；carry out 完成；turn down 拒绝；leave out 漏掉，忽略。答案：c8(20104月济南模拟)what the young man cant_is that his mum always treats him like a baby.asupportbundertakecholddbear解析：考查动词辨析。bear 此处表示“忍受”；support 表示“支持”；undertake 表示“从事”；hold 则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是”，选d项。答案：d9(20104月济南模拟)internet shopping is really_when people are sure of its safety.ataking offbtaking upcsetting offdsetting up解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意为：当人们确认了它的安全性之后，网络购物真的迅速流行起来。take off 表示“迅速流行”；take up 表示“从事，占据”；set off 表示“出发”；set up 表示“建造，建立”。根据语意选a项。答案：a10(2011黑龙江检测)the girl nodded with a smile as if she had _his mind.areadbfoundcwatcheddnoticed解析：考查动词词义辨析。read ones mind 是固定搭配，表示“读懂某人的心思”。答案：a11(2011