【创新设计】高考英语基础复习 语法突破专题十五 构词法 北师大版(1).doc

【创新设计】2015届高考英语基础复习 语法突破专题十五 构词法 北师大版近几年语法填空中都涉及词类转换题，以考查不同词性在句中的不同用法为主，如副词作状语，修饰动词或形容词，形容词作定语，修饰名词、代词等，名词在句中用来做主语、宾语等。例如：1(2013广东)“that would be a very _19_ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours.”nick said.此题中应用reason的形容词形式修饰名词thing，作定语，故答案为reasonable adj.合理的，公道的。2(2013广东)“but such a small thing couldnt _23_ (possible) destroy a village”此题中应用possible的副词形式修饰destroy作状语，故答案为possibly。另外，从近几年的高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，对克服阅读理解中生词的问题就容易多了。在做语法填空题的“词形转换”类型题时，既要熟悉各种前缀、后缀、派生以及转化等构词知识外，还要灵活运用其他语法知识，在理解了上下文语境的基础上慎重填写。学 以 致 用.根据语境，用所给词的否定形式填空1it is _ (legal)to drive after drinking alcohol.答案illegal句意：酒后开车不合法。2_ (lead)advertisements are not allowed by law.答案misleading句意：误导的广告为法律所不允许。3it is _ (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.答案unreasonable句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。4you must be _ (literate)if you have not heard of shakespeare.答案illiterate句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定是文盲的。5there exists the _ (balance)between the rich and poor countries.答案imbalance句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。6her illness had made her completely _ (mobile)答案immobile句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。7his identity is _ (know)to us so we have to confirm.答案unknown句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。8he seems to be _ (aware)of the trouble he is making.答案unaware句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。9jim is _ (patient)with his little sister who is so noisy.答案impatient句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。10the _ (expect)death of her son made her sad.答案unexpected句意：她儿子意外的死亡使她伤心。11running a business without a budget(预算)is _ (practical)答案impractical句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。12the government _ (close)that another ambassador had been arrested for spying.答案disclosed句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。13the bright dress is _ (proper)for a funeral.答案improper句意：鲜艳的衣服对葬礼来说不合适。14this delay was _ (avoidable)so we had to be patient.答案unavoidable句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。15his income is _ (adequate)to meet his basic needs and he has to find another job.答案inadequate句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。16students get a _ (count)of 25%on plane tickets.答案discount句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。17the water is _ (fit)for drinking and you have to gowithout water.答案unfit句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。18its _ (honesty)to lie about ones age.答案dishonest句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。19the injured man was _ (capable)of walking，so he had to be carried.答案incapable句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。20he was _ (ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety.答案unable句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。.用所给词的正确形式填空1the chinese people are very _ (friend)to foreigners.答案friendly空处应填friend的形容词形式。2i think itll be _(sun)this afternoon.答案sunny空处应填形容词作表语。3david moved _ (caution)forward.答案cautiously句意：戴维小心翼翼地往前挪。4without reform，social and economic problems can only be _(bad)答案worse句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。5the teacher gave them _ (instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning.答案instructions句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。6three people have been killed in a bomb _(explode)in northwest spain.答案explosion句意：在西班牙西北部的炸弹爆炸事件中，已有3人死亡。7one should have the ability to tell the _(different)between right and wrong.答案difference固定表达tell the differencedistinguish(区别)。8he is a _ (quality)teacher who is respected by his students.答案qualified形容词，“合格的”。9for many americans the automobile is a _(necessary)答案necessity不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。10he _ (like)wearing a tie，so you will never see him in tie.答案dislikes根据“从来看不到他打领带”可以推断“他不喜欢打领带”。11you must look after yourself and keep _ (health)答案healthykeep为系动词，后面应该接形容词。12excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in _(injure)to the liver.答案injury名词injury表示“伤害”。13“thank you.”is a polite _ (express)which is widely used in english.答案expressiona polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。14he _ (brave)went into the building house to rescue the baby.everybody present praised him for his _ (brave)答案bravely；bravery第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。15most chinese like drinking tea，while _(america)like coffee.答案americans与前一句中chinese相呼应。16more and more people go in for sports in modern _(time)答案timesin modern/ancient times在现代/古代，为固定搭配。17nice to meet you，tom.did you have a good _(fly)?答案flight形容词后接名词。18too much hunting _ (danger)many species in the past.答案endangered动词作谓语，根据in the past可知用一般过去时。19harry potter is a boy who is full of _ (imagine)答案imagination名词，“想象力”。20after _(graduate)，he left china for america for further study.答案graduation/graduating介词后接名词或动名词。21if you want to go _ (travel)，youd better get everything ready in advance.答案travelinggo traveling/swimming/fishing/camping/shopping等为固定结构。22which means of _ (transport)will you use if you travel to beijing?答案transportationmeans of transportation交通方式。23you should assume that the _(win)would receive big money but they only got a certificate.答案winners从后面的they可以看出指人并且要用复数。24_(surprise)，he should lose his temper in public.答案surprisingly副词，“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。25_(expect)，the injured athlete came first in the 100meter dash.答案unexpectedly副词，“出人意料地”，修饰整个句子。26the fish is a bit _(smell)we cant eat it.答案smellybe动词后用形容词。smelly臭的。27look up the _(mean)of the word in the dictionary.答案meaning名词，“意思”。28new _(science)d