【优化方案】高考英语第二轮专题复习 专题十六 推理判断提分训练.doc

专题十六推理判断(2013高考新课标全国卷，b)the baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.she is quiet but alert (警觉)twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.she stares at it carefully.a researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.as the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? the same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.perhaps it is just the newness? when slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? no again.babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.the effect even crosses between senses.babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60the experiment described in paragraph 1 is related to the babys_.asense of hearing bsense of sightcsense of touch dsense of smell61babies are sensitive to the change in_.athe size of cards bthe colour of picturescthe shape of patterns dthe number of objects62why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?ato reduce the difficulty of the experiment.bto see how babies recognize sounds.cto carry their experiment further.dto keep the babies interest.63where does this text probably come from?ascience fiction.bchildrens literature.can advertisement.da science report.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员通过一些卡片上黑点的数量来检验婴儿对于数量变化的敏感程度，发现当数量相对多的时候，比较容易引起婴儿的注意，使他们变得更加兴奋。60解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第一段中的she stares at it carefully.“婴儿认真地盯着看”可知，研究人员研究的是孩子的视觉。a项指“听觉”；c项指“触觉”；d项指“嗅觉”，这与原文中的stares反映的信息不一致。61解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第一段中的as the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视)starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.her gaze returns.可知，随着卡片上黑点数量的变化，婴儿的注视也发生变化，表明了婴儿对于数量的变化比较敏感。a项size指卡片的大小；b项指图画的颜色；c项指结构的形状，这些与原文的信息不一致。62解析：选c。细节理解题。第二段中研究人员先是通过卡片上的黑点来测验婴儿对于数量的变化的敏感程度；根据第二段中的the effect even crosses between senses.three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同样地)when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.可知，研究人员又做了击鼓的实验，这样做的目的是更加深入地研究婴儿对于数量变化的敏感程度，故选c。a项“减少实验的难度”；b项“看看婴儿怎样辨别声音”；d项“保持婴儿的兴趣”，在文中均找不到支持信息。63解析：选d。文章出处题。本文提到了experiment和researchers等，可知是一些研究人员做了一个实验，来检验婴儿们对于数量的变化是不是敏感，所以本文属于一个科学研究报告，因此选d。a项表示“科幻小说”；b项表示“儿童文学”；c项表示“一则广告”，均与本文的内容不符。(2013高考新课标全国卷，b)in 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in edinburgh.the idea was to reunite europe after the second world war.it quickly attracted famous names such as alec guinness，richard burton，dame margot fonteyn and marlene dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团)it became a fixed event every august and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.at the same time，the “fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.soon，groups of students firstly from edinburgh university，and later from the universities of oxford and cambridge，durham and birmingham were making the journey to the scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of edinburgh.today the“fringe”，once less recognized，has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre，music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.and yet as early as 1959，with only 19 theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big.a paid administrator was first employed only in 1971，and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during august itself.in 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.more than 1.25 million tickets were sold.40what was the purpose of edinburgh festival at the beginning?ato bring europe together again.bto honor heroes of world war .cto introduce young theatre groups.dto attract great artists from europe.41why did some uninvited theatre groups come to edinburgh in 1947?athey owned a public house there.bthey came to take up a challenge.cthey thought they were also famous.dthey wanted to take part in the festival.42who joined the“fringe”after it appeared?apopular writers.buniversity students.cartists from around the world.dperformers of music and dance.43we may learn from the text that edinburgh festival_.ahas become a nonofficial eventbhas gone beyond an art festivalcgives shows all year rounddkeeps growing rapidly【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。1947年一群艺术界的著名艺术家在一位奥地利指挥家的带领下，决定在爱丁堡举办国际艺术节来使整个欧洲在二战后再团结起来。没想到这个艺术节得到了许多人的青睐，并迅速发展。40解析：选a。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话the idea was to reunite europe after the second world war.可知答案为a。41解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话后半句.in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.可知一些没被邀请的剧团想参加艺术节，故答案为d。42解析：选b。细节理解题。由第四段内容可知答案为b。43解析：选d。推理判断题。由最后一段的一系列数据可知答案为d。tail spin(2013高考北京卷，b)two dolphins race around in a big pool in the ocean park.the smaller dolphin，grace，shows off a few of her tricks，turning around and waving hello to the crowd.the most amazing thing about her，however，is that shes even swimming at all.she doesnt have a tail.grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.when the dolphin arrived at the ocean park in december 2005，she was fighting for her life.“is she going to make it？”her trainer，abbey stone，feared the worst.grace did make itbut her tail didnt.she ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.over the past six years，she has learned to swim without her tail.dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down.grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish! she pushed herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.the movements put harmful pressure on graces backbone.so a company offered to create a manmade tail for her.the tail had to be strong enough to stay on grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.the first time grace wore the artificial tail，she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.now，she is still learning to use the tail.some days she wears it for an hour at a time，others not at all.“the new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable，”says stone，“but it helps to keep that range of motion (动作) and build muscles (肌肉)”now，the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.this month，grace will star in dolphin tale，a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.many people travel from near and far to meet her.seeing grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.60when grace first arrived at the ocean park，her trainer worried about her_.aphysical buildbpotential abilitycchance of survivaldadaptation to the surroundings.61a manmade tail is created for grace to_.alet her recover fasterbmake her comfortablecadjust her way of swimmingdhelp her perform better tricks62the story of grace inspires people to_.astick to their dreamsbtreat animals friendlyctreasure what they havedface difficulties bravely【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，属励志类文章。讲述了海洋公园的小海豚grace尽管没有尾巴，却能克服困难，用另外一种方式游泳，并且还要拍电影海豚的故事以激励人们要勇敢地面对困难。60解析：选c。细节理解题。由文章第二段可知，当这只海豚在2005年12月刚到海洋公园时，“she was fighting for her life”，它的训练员说“is she going to make it？”，由此我们知道，刚开始，它的训练员担心它能不能活下来。故正确答案为c项。61解析：选c。推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，小海豚grace形成了它自己的游泳方式；由第五段内容可知，给海豚戴上人造尾巴不是为了让海豚舒服，而是为了让它保持一系列的动作，同时锻炼肌肉，也就是说，它带着人造尾巴的目的是调整游泳方式，故c项正确。62解析：选d。推理判断题。a项表示“坚持梦想”；b项表示“友好地对待动物”；c项表示“珍惜所拥有的”；d项表示“要勇敢地面对困难”。由文章内容可知，尽管小海豚grace没有了尾巴，但是它克服了困难，以另外一种方式游泳，最后还提到，它要拍电影给人们带来鼓励，由此可知，这个故事是激励人们要勇敢地面对困难，故d项为正确答案。(2013高考天津卷，a)guide to stockholm university libraryour library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.zonesthe library is divided into different zones.the upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.the reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.the ground floor is the zone where you can talk.here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.computers you can use your own computer to connect to the wifi specially prepared for notebook computers；your can also use library computers；which contain the most commonly used applications，such as microsoft office.they are situated in the area known as the experimental field on the ground floor.groupstudy placesif you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.some study rooms are for 23 people and others can hold up to 68 people.all rooms are marked on the library maps.there are 40 groupstudy rooms that must be booked via the website.to book，you need an active university account and a valid university card.you can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week.storage of study materialthe library has lockers for students to store course literature.when you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分)，you may rent a locker and pay 400 sek for a years rental period.rules to be followedmobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.36the librarys upper floor is mainly for students to_.aread in a quiet placebhave group discussionsctake comfortable seats dget their computers fixed37library computers on the ground floor_.ahelp students with their field experiments bcontain software essential for schoolworkcare for those who want to access the wifidare mostly used for filling out application forms38what condition should be met to book a groupstudy room?aa group must consist of 8 people.bthreehour use per day is the minimum.cone should first register at the university.dapplicants must mark the room on the map.39a student can rent a locker in the library if he_.acan afford the rental feebattends certain courseschas nowhere to put his booksdhas earned the required credits40what should not be brought into the library?amobile phones. borange juice.ccandy. dsandwiches.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆的不同区域、图书馆的电脑、小组学习地点、学习材料的存放和需要遵守的规定。36解析：选a。细节理解题。联系文章zones部分中的“the upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading.”可知，上层是一个供学生阅读的安静的地方。37解析：选b。细节理解题。从文章computers部分中的“.which contain the most commonly used applications，such as microsoft office.”可知，在一楼的电脑中包含必备的办公软件，而对于学生来说，用这些办公软件就是为了做作业。故选b项。38解析：选c。推理判断题。从文章groupstudy places部分中的“to book，you need an active university account and a valid university card.”可知，要想在这里预订房间，首先需要一个激活的大学账号和有效的大学卡片。换言之，就是首先要在大学进行注册。故选c项。39解析：选d。细节理解题。联系文章storage of study material部分中的“when you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分)，you may rent a locker and.”可知，只有达到了要求的学分，学生才可以在这里租寄存柜。40解析：选d。细节理解题。从文章rules to be followed部分中的“please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library.”可知，食物sandwiches“三明治”是不能带进图书馆的。文中提到在图书馆内是不能打电话的，但是可以带着手机，把手机调至静音，故排除a项。而b项和c项属于饮料和糖果，是可以带入图书馆的，故也被排除。 (2013高考天津卷，d)when asked about happiness，we usually think of something extraordinary，an absolute delight，which seems to get rarer the older we get.for kids，happiness has a magical quality.their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved (毫不掩饰的)in the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement，love and popularity.i can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.in adulthood the things that bring deep joylove，marriage，birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.for adults，happiness is complicated (复杂的) my definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”the more we can enjoy what we have，the happier we are.its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends，the freedom to live where we please，and even good health.i experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.first i was overjoyed when i shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.then i spent an uninterrupted morning writing，which i love.when the kids and my husband came home，i enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.i dont think that my grandmother，who raised 14 children，had much of either.she did have a network of close friends and family，and maybe this is what satisfied her.we，however，with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area，have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.were so selfconscious about our “right” to it that its making us miserable.so we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.its not wishing for what we dont have，but enjoying what we do possess.51as people grow older，they_.afeel it harder to experience happinessbassociate their happiness less with otherscwill take fewer risks in pursuing happiness dtend to believe responsibility means happiness52what can we learn about the author from paragraph 5 and 6?ashe cares little about her own health.bshe enjoys the freedom of traveling.cshe is easily pleased by things in daily life.dshe prefers getting pleasure from housework.53what can be inferred from paragraph 7?apsychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.bpsychologists opinion is well proved by grandma case.cgrandma often found time for social gatherings.dgrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.54people who equal happiness with wealth and success_.aconsider pressure something blocking their waybstress their right to happiness too muchcare at a loss to make correct choicesdare more likely to be happy55what can be concluded from the passage?ahappiness lies between the positive and the negative.beach man is the master of his own fate.csuccess leads to happiness.dhappy is he who is content.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们什么是真正的幸福，我们应该如何获得自己想要的幸福。51解析：选a。细节理解题。由文章第一段中的.which seems to get rarer the older we get.可知，人们越老越觉得很难获得幸福。52解析：选c。推理判断题。在第五段作者讲述了自己的幸福观；在第六段作者讲述了自己因能够不受打扰地写作而感到幸福，安静过后一家人在一起喧闹也感到幸福。由此可知作者对日常生活是容易满足的。53解析：选d。推理判断题。由文章第七段中的she did have a network of close friends and family，and maybe this is what satisfied her.可知，祖母有一群亲密的朋友和家人，或许她正是因此而满足。由此可以推断出，祖母的幸福来自对生活的适度期盼。54解析：选b。细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段最后一句可知，我们追逐幸福并以财富和成功来衡量它，却没注意到那些拥有财富和成功的人们并不一定更幸福。由此可知，以财富和成功来衡量幸福的人其实是对幸福施加了太多的压力。55解析：选d。主旨大意题。从作者对于幸福的论述我们可以看出，幸福就是对于自己已经拥有的感到满足，而过分追求财富和成功只能给自己更大的压力，由此我们得出答案为d。(2013高考重庆卷，a)the morning had been a disaster.my tooth was aching，and id been in an argument with a friend.her words still hurt：“the trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.cant you see things from my point of view？”i shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth.id thought i could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable.i started calling the dentists in the phone book，but no one could see me immediately.finally，at about lunchtime，i got lucky.“if you come by right now，”the receptionist said，“the dentist will fit you in.”i took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.but suddenly i began to doubt about the dentist.what kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？why wasnt he as busy as the others?in the dentists office，i sat down and looked around.i saw nothing but the bare walls and i became even more worried.the assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my icecold one.when i told her my fears，she laughed and said，“dont worry.the dentist is very good.”“how long do i have to wait for him？”i asked impatiently.“come on，he is coming.just lie down and relax.and enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.“the artwork？”i was puzzled.the chair went back.suddenly i smiled.there was a beautiful picture，right where i could enjoy it：on the ceiling.how considerate the dentist was！at that moment，i began to understand what my friend meant by her words.what a relief!56which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?acheerful. bnervous.csatisfied. dupset.57what made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?athe dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.bthe dentists being as busy as the other dentists.cthe surroundings of the den