2013考研英语基础过关导学讲义(何凯文).doc

北京世纪文都教育科技发展有限公司讲义配套课程说明1、配套课程名称2013年考研英语基础过关导学（何凯文）2、课程内容此课程是何凯文老师主讲的2013考研英语基础过关导学班课程。此课程主要是词汇基础课程，通过句子让学员理解词汇的含义，讲解了词汇的记忆方法，为学员掌握考研英语奠定基础。3、主讲师资何凯文名师详细介绍请点击：/teacher/default.aspx?typeId=14、讲义使用说明由于讲义中包含一些英标识别符，学员在打开讲义后如果音标是乱码，请参考：关于何凯文讲义的英标识别符的使用方法说明。 文都网校 2011年10月14官网： 售后热线212/627/822/8512013考研英语基础过关导学班讲义 主讲人：何凯文第一部分 词汇讲解一.那些熟悉的陌生人: 1. weigh/weI/v.考虑，权衡2. nurture/5nE:tFE/n./v. 养育，教育，教养（后天的）3. young/jQN/a.没经验的4. negative/5neEtIv/n. 负数；(摄影)底片5. skeleton/5skelItEn/n.框架；梗概，提要6. mechanism/5mekEnIzEm/n.机构；机制7. mechanical/mI5kAnIkl/a.；机械似的，呆板8. weak/wi:k/a.淡薄的，稀的9. straight /streIt/ a.正直，直率10. stomach/5stQmEk/vt. 承受，忍受11. stimulate/5stImjJleIt/v. 导致12. stall/stC:l/v. (使)停转，(使)停止13. stalk/stC:k/vt. 悄悄地跟踪14. spur/spE:/v. 导致15. spring/sprIN/n.(from)源自.16. spell/spel/n.一段时间17. sparkle/5spB:kl/v.导致18. sound/saJnd/ a. 健全的，完好的；正当的19. sort/sC:t/v. 分类，整理20. solution/sE5lu:FEn/n.溶解，溶液21. soft/sCft/a.不含酒精的22. society/sE5saIEtI/n.社团23. smooth/smu:T/v. (over)掩饰24. slip/slIp/n. 疏忽，小错，口误，笔误；（pink slip 解雇通知单）25. skirt/skE:t/n.郊区26. side/saId/vi. 支持27. set/set/v. 日落28. security/sI5kjJErItI/n. (pl.)证券29. scale/skeIl/n. 规模； 30. saving/5seIvIN/n. (pl.)储蓄金，存款31. sack/sAk/v. 解雇32. roll/rEJl/n.名单33. resume/rI5zju:m/v.，重新开始；34. respective/rIs5pektIv/a. 各自的，各个的35. resolve/rI5zClv/n. 解决；决心36. religious/rI5lIdVEs/a.虔诚的37. voice/vCIs/n.意见，发言权；语态38. value/5vAlju:/v. 评价，估价；尊重39. utter/5QtE/v. 说，发出(声音)a. 彻底的，完全的40. underlie/7QndE5laI/vt.导致；成为的基础41. underline/7QndE5laIn/vt. 在下划线；强调42. turnover/5tE:n7EJvE/n. (资金等)周转；营业额43. tune/tju:n/vt. 调音，调节，调整44. try/traI/v.审讯45. trip/trIp/v. 绊倒；失足；犯错46. trigger/5trIE/vt.引起，导致47. treasure/5treVE/v. 珍爱，珍惜48. tin/tIn/n.锡49. tender/5tendE/v. 提出，提供；投标50. tell/tel/vt.辨/区别51. tall/tC:l/a.离谱的52. sweat/swet/v. 努力做53. sway/sweI/n.影响力54. weather /5weTE/v. 抵抗，克服55. variable/5vZErIEbl/n. 变量56. net/net/a. 纯的57. nurture/5nE:tFE/n.后天58. nature/5neItFE/n.先天59. neat/ni:t/a.优美的，精致的60. odd/Cd/a.临时的61. outline/5EJtlaIn/v. 概述，略述62. overlook/7EJvE5lJk/v. 忽视，放任63. part/pB:t/v. 使分开64. partial/5pB:FEl/a. 部分的，不完全的；偏袒的，不公平的，偏爱的65. approach/E5prEJtF/n.方式，方法66. army/5B:mI/n.大群，大批67. arrest/E5rest/vt. 吸引（arrest ones attention）68. attend/E5tend/vt.照顾，护理,侍奉69. back/bAk/v. 支持70. bend/bend/v. 屈从，屈服71. better/5betE/v. 改良72. bid/bId/v. 祝愿；命令，吩咐；报价，投标n. 出众，投标73. box/bCks/v. 拳击74. breed/bri:d/v. (使)繁殖，生殖；产生；教养，抚养n. 品种75. brief/bri:f/a. 简短的，简洁的v. 简短介绍，简要汇报n.简报76. brook/brJk/n. 小溪 vt.容忍77. bud/bQd/n. bud stage 萌芽状态78. buy/baI/vt.相信79. campaign/kAm5peIn/v. 努力做. (campaign to do sth）80. candle/5kAndl/n. 发光物81. cast/kB:st/v. 投，扔，掷，抛；铸造；投票n. 演员表82. cater/5keItE/vi. (for/to)满足，迎合；(for)提供饮食及服务83. charter/5tFB:tE/v. 租船，租车，租用飞机n. 宪章，特许状84. claim/kleIm/v. 要求；声称；索赔n. 要求；断言；索赔；权利85. clip/klIp/n.片段86. cock/kCk/n.开关87. command/kE5mB:nd/n. 掌握，运用能力88. constant/5kCnstEnt/n. 常数，恒量89. contend/kEn5tend/v.坚决主张，认为90. cook/kJk/v.纂改(账目)，捏造91. corner/5kC:nE/vt. 将逼入困境；92. dog/dC/vt. 尾随，跟踪93. dramatic/drE5mAtIk/a.剧烈的94. e-mail/5i:meIl/v.发电子邮件95. employ/Im5plCI/n./v.使用96. end/end/n.目标97. even/5i:vEn/a. 均匀的；平的；98. excel/Ik5sel/vt. 胜过，优于99. expert/5ekspE:t/a. 熟练的，有经验的；专门的100. extract/5ekstrAkt/n.精华；选集101. familiar/fE5mIljE/n. 熟客；密友102. figure/5fIE/v. 描绘；计算；推测103. fine/faIn/n. 罚金，罚款104. fix/fIks/v. (使)固定；修理；安装；决定；注视n. 困境105. format/5fC:mAt/n. (出版物的)开本，版式，格式vt. 设计；安排106. frame/freIm/n. 框架；体格；骨架；组织；机构v. 设计；制定107. front/frQnt/v. 面对108. function/5fQNkFEn/n. (pl.)职务；函数v. 起作用109. fundamental/7fQndE5mentl/n. (pl.)基本原则，基本原理110. further/5fE:TE/v. 促进，增进111. game/eIm/n. 猎物vi. 赌博112. glamour/5lAmE/n. 魅力；魔法vt. 迷惑113. grade/reId/v. 分等，分级114. grant/rB:nt/v. 同意，准予；授予n. 授予物；津贴；转让证书115. grasp/rB:sp/v./n. 抓住，抓紧；掌握，领会116. grave/reIv/a. 严肃的，庄重的117. group/ru:p/v. 分组118. hand/hAnd/n.指针119. hawk/hC:k/v.叫卖120. hazard/5hAzEd/n. 危险，冒险，危害v. 冒险，拼命121. house/haJs/n.议院v. 给房子住122. implicit/Im5plIsIt/a. 含蓄的；(in)固有的；无疑问的；绝对的123. initiate/I5nIFIeIt/vt. 开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入124. insist/In5sIst/vi. (on)坚持要求，坚决认为125. inspire/In5spaIE/vt. 导致126. institution/7InstI5tju:FEn/n.制度；惯例127. intelligence/In5telIdVEns/n.情报128. interpret/In5tE:prIt/vt. 解释，说明；口译129. invariable/In5vZErIEbl/n. 不变的, 永恒的a.不变的, 不变量130. introduce v. 制定131. iron/5aIEn/v. 熨(衣)，熨平132. kill/kIl/vt.消磨(时间)133. labor/5leIbE/v. 劳动，苦干134. late/leIt/a.已故的135. launch/lC:ntF/v.发动，开展136. lead/li:d/led/n. 铅137. let/let/v.出租，租给138. literally/5lItErElI/ad.确实139. look/lJk/n. 外表，脸色140. market/5mB:kIt/v. 销售141. message/5mesIdV/n.教训，广告词，预言142. might/maIt/n. 力量，威力，权力143. mortal/5mC:tl/a. 致命的； n. 凡人144. nerve/nE:v/n.胆量145. oblige/E5blaIdV/v. (使)感激，施恩于146. orient/5C:rIEnt/v.为定位，使适应147. introduce/7IntrE5dju:s/vt. 制定148. issue/5IFu:/vt. 发行149. jump/dVQmp/v.暴涨，猛增150. kid/kId/v. 戏弄，取笑151. land/lAnd/v. (使)靠岸(登陆，降落)152. lapse/lAps/n. 失误，流逝，丧失，下降v. 失效，偏离，流逝153. literature/5lItErEtFE/n.图书资料，印刷品，文学，文学作品，文献154. manage/5mAnIdV/v.处理；设法，对付；操纵，运用155. traffic /5trAfIk/n. 流量（网站访问，数据下载）156. address/5Adres/ /E5dres/n.演讲 v.解决157. assume/E5sju:m/vt.承担；呈现，采取158. attribute/E5trIbju:t/v. (to)归因于，归属于/5AtrIbju:t/n. 属性，品质，特征159. authority/C:5WCrItI/n. 权力，权威；权威人士；(pl.)官方，当局160. average/5AvErIdV/a.普通的161. balance/5bAlEns/n.差额，余款162. bang/bAN/n. （big bang）大爆炸理论163. bank/bANk/vi. 信赖164. beam/bi:m/v. 微笑n. (横)梁，桁条；(光线的)束，柱165. bed/bed/n.河床，(湖、海的)底166. boast/bEJst/v. 拥有167. breeze/bri:z/n. 微风；轻而易举的事vi. 来去匆匆，急速走168. catch/kAtF/v.感染；理解，听到169. charge/tFB:dV/v. 索(价)；控告；充电n. (pl.)费用，代价；电荷170. subscribe/sEb5skraIb/vi. (to)订阅，订购；同意（be subscribe to ）vt. 捐助，赞助171. suit/su:t/v. 使能做.( suit somebody to do something ) n.诉讼172. table/5teIbl/n. 表格vt. 搁置；提交讨论173. tap/tAp/vt. 开发174. taxi/5tAksI/v.(使)滑行175. team/ti:m/n. 小队，小组v. 协同工作176. fairly/5fZElI/ad. 公正地，正当地；相当，还算177. feature/5fi:tFE/v. 以为特色178. hide/haId/n. 皮革，兽皮179. impair/Im5pZE/v. 损害，损伤；削弱，减少180. incidentally/InsI5dentElI/ad. 附带地，顺便提及181. institute/5InstItju:t/n. 学会，研究所；学院v. 设立，设置，制定182. knowledge/5nClIdV/n.知道，了解183. technically /5teknIkElI/ v.严格意义上讲184. cement/sI5ment/n. 水泥v.巩固，加强185. virtue/5vE:tju:/n. 德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力；原因186. condition/kEn5dIFEn/vt.支配；被制约187. bond/bCnd/n. 结合(物)，粘结(剂)，联结；公债，债券，契约188. acknowledge v. （不情愿地）承认 v. 致谢189. bore/bC:/v. 钻(孔)，挖(洞)；烦扰n. 讨厌的人，麻烦事190. acknowledge/Ek5nClIdV/vt. 承认；接受；致谢191. code/kEJd/n.法典，法规192. column/5kRlEm/n. 圆柱，柱状物；列；(报刊中的)专栏193. account/E5kaJnt/n. 叙述，说明；账目，账户vi. 说明，解释194. fold/fEJld/v. 折叠；表示倍；重（five-fold 五倍 hundredfold 百倍）195. fellowship/5felEJFIp/n. 伙伴关系；奖学金196. establish/Is5tAblIF/ v. 建立机构 v. 确认，证实197. establishment/Is5tAblIFmEnt/ n. 建立 n. 机构198. exploit/5eksplCIt/n. 功绩/勋/；业绩199. finance/faI5nAns/n. 财政，金融v. 为提供资金200. reach/ri:tF/n. 能达到的范围(far-reaching 影响深远)201. provision/prE5vIVEn/n.条款；202. level/5levEl/v. 对准，指责（Criticism have been leveled against him. ）203. integrate/5IntIreIt/v. (into，with)(使)成为一体，(使)结合在一起204. lodge/lCdV/v. 临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳n. 传达室，小旅馆205. marital/5mArItl/a. 婚姻的，夫妻之间的206. mature/mE5tFJE/a. 成熟的，熟的；成年人的v. (使)成熟207. pregnant/5prenEnt/a. 怀孕的，孕育的，充满的，意味深长的208. probe/prEJb/n. 探针，探测器v. (以探针等)探查，穿刺，查究209. package/5pAkIdV/n. 一揽子交易（计划等）（package deal 一揽子交易）210. side/saId/vi. 支持(with)211. solid/5sClId/a.稳固的，可靠的,有根据的,可信的212. sensation/sen5seIFEn/n. 感觉，知觉；激动，轰动，轰动一时的事情213. sensational/sen5seIFEnal/a.耸人听闻的214. reason/5ri:zn/n.理性，理智v. 推理215. royalty/5rCIEltI/n. 皇家，皇族;版税216. rub/rQb/v. 擦，摩擦，困难;疑难点;要点217. school/sku:l/n.学派,流派218. act /Akt/n.法令；一幕219. appropriate/E5prEJprIEt/a. 适当的，恰当的，特有的/E5prEJprIeIt/vt. 拨给，挪用，盗用220. consume vi. /kEn5sju:m/ 枯萎；憔悴The flowers consumed away. 花枯萎了。 be consumed away with (envy, fever, ambition, grief)221. down n. /daJn/ (鸟的)绒羽；柔毛,汗毛，软毛222. draw vt. /drC:/ 提取(钱款); 使打成平局 =be tied223. novel adj. /5nCvEl/新的，新颖的；新奇的，224. observe vt. /Eb5zE:v/ observe silence 保持沉默observe a rule 遵守规则225. produce/prE5dju:s/v.，导致n. 农产品226. period/5pIErIEd/n.句号; 音乐乐段；227. pronounce/prE5naJns/v. 发的音；宣布，宣判228. pronounced /prE5naJnsd/ adj. 决然的，断然的，强硬的；明白的，显著的229. screen/skri:n/v. 掩蔽，包庇；筛选230. spring n. /sprIN/ 弹簧；泉水 v. 源于（from）231. squeeze/skwi:z/v. 压榨，挤n. 榨取，勒索232. stroke/strEJk/n.笔画；中风233. promise/5prCmIs/v. 允许，答应；有可能n. 承诺；希望，出息234. promising/5prCmIsIN/a. 有希望的，有前途的235. promote/prE5mEJt/v. 促进，发扬；提升，提拔；增进，助长236. prosecute/5prCsIkju:t/vt. 实行，从事v. 起诉，告发vi. 作检察官237. publicity/pQb5lIsItI/n. 公开，宣传，广告，推销238. reclaim/rI5kleIm/v. 要求归还，收回；开垦239. recommend/7rekE5mend/v. 推荐，介绍；劝告，建议240. rejoice/rI5dVCIs/v. (使)欣喜，(使)高兴241. ally/5AlaI/E5laI/n. 同盟者，同盟国vt. 使结盟；与有关联242. appall/E5pC:l/v. 使惊骇，使恐怖243. bid/bId/v. 祝愿；命令，吩咐；报价，投标n. 出众，投标244. defect/5dIfekt/ n. 过失；缺点；不足/dI5fekt/v. 逃跑, 背叛, 脱离245. designate/5dezIneIt/v. 指明，指出；任命，指派/5dezInEt/a. 指定的, 选定的246. dignity/5dInItI/n. (举止，态度等的)庄严，端庄；尊贵，高贵247. dissipate/5dIsIpeIt/v. 驱散；(使云、雾、疑虑等)消散；挥霍248. editorial/7edI5tC:rIEl/n. 社论a. 社论的；编辑上的249. exert/I5zE:t/v. 尽(力)，施加(压力等)，努力250. exile/5ezaIl/n. 流放；被流放者vt. 流放，放逐，把充军251. faculty/5fAkEltI/n. 才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员252. fatal/5feItl/a. 致命的，毁灭性的253. hesitate/5hezIteIt/v. 犹豫，踌躇；含糊，支吾254. illiterate/I5lItErEt/a. 文盲的，未受教育的255. imperial/Im5pIErIEl/a. 帝国的，帝王的；(度量衡)英制的256. industrialize/In5dQstrIElaIz/v. (使)工业化257. initiate/I5nIFIeIt/vt. 开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入258. inquire/In5kwaIE/v. 询问，打听；调查；查问259. invert/In5vE:t/v. 倒置，倒转，颠倒260. 27. prestige/pres5ti:dV/n. 声望，威望，威信261. relish/5relIF/n. 美味，味道，调味品，食欲，乐趣v. 喜欢，品味262. remind/rI5maInd/v. (of)提醒，使想起263. rural/5rJErEl/a. 乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的264. piece/pi:s/n. (一)件/片/篇；碎片v. (together)拼合，拼凑265. proposal/prE5pEJzEl/n. 提议，建议；求婚266. scar/skB:/n. 疤，疤痕；创伤v. 使留下伤痕，创伤267. economics/7ekE5nCmIks/n. 经济学，经济情况268. emerge/I5mE:dV/vt. 显现，浮现；暴露；形成；269. excess/5ekses/a. 过量的，额外的n. 过量；过剩；超额；无节制270. exemplify/I5zemplIfaI/v. 举例证明；示范；作的范例/榜样/271. forthcoming/7fC:W5kQmIN/a. 即将到来的；准备好的；乐意帮助的n. 来临272. greet/ri:t/v. 致敬，敬意，迎接；扑(鼻)，入(耳)，触(目)273. halt/hC:lt/n. 止步，停步，停止前进v. 止步，(使)停止274. illuminate/I5lu:mIneIt/vt. 照亮，照明；用灯光装饰；说明，阐释275. incur/In5kE:/v. 招致，惹起，遭受276. indulge/In5dQldV/v. 放任，纵容，沉溺；使(自己)纵情享受277. inhibit/In5hIbIt/vt. 抑制，约束278. insist/In5sIst/vi. (on)坚持要求，坚决主张，坚持279. intervene/7IntE5vi:n/v. (in)干涉，干预；插入，介入280. intrude/In5tru:d/vi. 闯入，侵入vt. 把(思想等)强加于人；强挤入281. invaluable/In5vAljJEbl/a. 非常宝贵的，无价的282. narrative/5nArEtIv/a. 叙述性的n. 叙述283. principal/5prInsEpEl/a. 最重要的，主要的n. 负责人，校长；资本，本金284. compel/kEm5pel/v. 强迫，迫使285. compensate/5kCmpEnseIt/v. (for)补偿，赔偿286. compose/kEm5pEJz/v. 组成，构成；(of)由组成；创作(诗歌等)287. comprehend/7kCmprI5hend/vt. 理解，领会；包含，包括288. credit/5kredIt/v./n. 信用，信任n. 信用贷款，赊欠；名誉，名望289. curb/kE:b/n. 路边，场外证券市场vt. 制止，抑制290. diminish/dI5mInIF/v. 缩小，减少，递减291. dismay/dIs5meI/n./v. (使)沮丧；(使)惊慌；(使)失望，(使)绝望292. harbor/5hB:bE/n. 海港；避难所v. 隐匿，窝藏293. hazard/5hAzEd/n. 危险，冒险，危害v. 冒险，拼命294. immerse/I5mE:s/v. 使沉浸在；使浸没295. indicate/5IndIkeIt/v. 指出，指示；表明，暗示296. induce/In5dju:s/v. 引诱，劝使；引起，导致；感应297. initial/I5nIFEl/a. 最初的，开头的；词首的n. 词首大写字母298. remove/rI5mu:v/v. 移动，脱掉，调动，免职299. remark/rI5mB:k/n. (about，on)评语，意见v. (on)评论；注意到300. quest/kwest/n. 探寻，探求；寻求，追求301. refrain/rI5freIn/v. 节制，避免，制止n. (诗的)叠句302. crab/krAb/n. 螃蟹，蟹肉；废话303. extinguish/Iks5tINwIF/v. 熄灭；消灭；结束；压制；使黯然失色；偿清304. fall/fC:l/n. 秋季305. fast/fB:st/ad. 紧紧地；n.斋戒306. fault/fC:lt/n. 地震（断层） 307. pine/paIn/n. 松树v. 憔悴 （away）308. plateau/5plAtEJ/n. 高原，平稳状态/时期/309. plight/plaIt/n. 情况，状态，困境，盟誓(婚姻)v. 保证，约定310. practice/5prAktIs/n.业务，惯例，习惯311. publicity/pQb5lIsItI/n. 公开，宣传，广告，推销312. agent/5eIdVEnt/n. 成分；产生作用的人或事物313. blue/blu:/a.沮丧的，阴郁的314. gate/eIt/n.门票收入 315. leg/le/n. (旅程的)一段，一站二单词记忆的方法(一)联想法的前世和今生音：slit 撕裂， 撕开 pest ；害虫charlatan 江湖庸医Dodge形: 义：Adamant场景：tavern ; Strap 绳子袋子，捆起来，扎起来； Gluttony;lust;wrath;sloth;pride;greed;envy (pradise lost )Enigma ； Nirvana；Obsession (ck)Allure（chanel）对比联想：roe/rue(鱼卵，后悔)hue/hew(色泽，砍伐)discreet/discrete(谨慎的，不连续的)ingenuous/ingenious (诚实的真诚的，天才的) (二)单词进化法四大核心原则破解词汇密码一.元音(a,e,i,o,u,y)可以互换 1. 单个元音字母的互换笔记:2. 元音字母组合的互换 笔记:3. 元辅字母组合的互换 笔记: 二. 辅音字母的转化 stand - sdand t- d spin - sbin p- b sky - sgy k- g cool - kool c- k design - dezign s- z 笔记:三.形近字母的转换 笔记:四.音的脱落和转换笔记:第二部分 句子的救赎 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted, according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as a golden age of business management in the United States.第一段 :1.A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.笔记:34641362. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 笔记: 3. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled.笔记:4. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.笔记: 第二段:1. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.笔记:2. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.笔记:3. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.笔记:4. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.笔记:5. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.)笔记:6. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.笔记:7. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes.笔记:8. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.笔记:第三段:1. All of this caused a crisis of confidence.笔记:2. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.笔记:3. They began to believe that thei