山东省郯城第三中学高中英语 语法复习二、主谓一致（含配套练习）.doc

山东省郯城第三中学高中英语 语法复习二、主谓一致（含配套练习）在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：his father is working on the farm. / to study english well is not easy. / what he said is very important for us all. / the children were in the classroom two hours ago. / reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：what i bought were three english books. / what i say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：lucy and lily are twins. / she and i are classmates. / the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / both she and he are young pioneers.注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：the writer and artist has come.; / 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：every student and every teacher was in the room. / no boy and no girl likes it.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：each of us has a new book. / everything around us is matter.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：none of us has (have) been to america.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：he is one of my friends who are working hard. / he is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：class four is on the third floor. / class four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：the police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：there are a lot of people in the classroom. / the rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：there comes the bus./ on the wall are many pictures. / such is the result. / such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：which is your bag? / which are your bags? / all is going well. / all have gone to beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “the arabian nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：one and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：twelve plus eight is twenty. / fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：the paper works was built in 1990. / i think physics isnt easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：my glasses are broken. / the pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：either the teacher or the students are our friends. / neither they nor he is wholly right. / is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：there are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：here引导的句子用法同上。1.i, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your english.a.am b.is c.are d.be2. the rich _ not always happy.a.are b.is c.has d.have3. neither tom nor jack and i _ his students.a.are b.am c.is d.was4. mary as well as her sisters _ chinese in china.a. are studying b. have studied c. studies d. study5. neither my father nor i _ at home.a.am b.is c.are d.be6. not only my brother but also i _ good at painting. both of us _ good painters.,a.are;are b.am;am c.ani;are d.is;is7. every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.a.wish b.wishes c.is like d.like8. over 80 percent of the population of china _ peasants.a.was b.is c. would be d.are9. the population of china _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.a.is b.are c.has d.have10. every means _ tried but without any result.a. have been b.is to be c.are to be d. has been11. alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.a. was punished b. punished c. were punished d. being punished12. the league secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.a.is b.was c.are d.is being13. the great writer and professor_.a. is an old man b. are both old menc. is an old man and a young man d. were two chinese14. there _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.a.are b.is c.has d.have15. a large number of students in our class_ girls.a. are b. was c. is d. be16. the number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.a. doesn t change b.dont change c.change d.changed17. the arabian nights _ well known to the english.a. is b. are c. was d. were18. chairman mao s works _ published.a. has been b.have been c.was d.is19. a chemical works_ built there.a. is to being b.have been c. were to d.has been20. the olympic games _ held every _ years.a.is;four b.are;four c.is;five d.are;five21 .the united states of america one of the most developed countries in the world.a.is b.are c.was d.were22.he is the only one of die students who _ elected.a. are b.have c.has d.is23.theis is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.a.have b.has c. have been d.has been24.many a man _ come to help us.a.have b.has c.is d.are25.all_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.a.is;is b.are;are c.are;is d.is;are26. the police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.a. is searching for b. were searching forc. are searching for d. were searching27.your trousers_ dirty.you must have_ washed.a.is;il b.are;it c.are;them d.is;them28.this pair of trouseis _ too long for him.a.is b.be c.are d.were29. one and a half bananas _ left on the table.a.is b.are c.has d.have30. eight times eight _ sixty - four.a.is b.are c.get d.equal31 .ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.a.seems b.seem c.seemed d.seemes32._of the money_ nm out.a. three-fifth; has b. three-fifth; has beenc. three-fifths; has d. three-fifths; have33. the whole class _ the teacher attentively.a. are listening to b. is listening toc.are listening d. is listening34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which_ more difficult.a.is b.are c.was d.were35. between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building.a.stand b.stands c. standing d.are36. large quantities of water _ for irrigation.a. is needed b. has -needed c. are needed d. need37. that they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.a. is b.was c.are d.all38.what we need_ good textbooks.a.is b.are c.have d.has39. what you said just now_ the matter we are discussing.a.have something to at b. has something to do withc.had something to do with d.has been something to do with40. more than one member _ against the plan.a. is b.are c.has d.have41. when and where to build the new factory _ yet.a. has not decided b. is not decidedc. are not decided d. have not decided42. half of the fruit _ bad.a. are b. has c. is d. have43. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?a. haveb. hadc. hasd. is44. mathematics _ the language of science.a. areb. are going to bec. isd. is to be45. my family _ small.a. is b. werec. ared. makes46. the following _ some other examples.a. areb. isc. wasd. were47. they both have some friends; but his _ more active.a. isb. will bec. wasd. are48. both rice and wheat _ grown in that country. a. isb. arec. wasd. has49. early to bed and early to rise _ a good habit.a. areb. isc. wered. was50. to play basketball and to go swimming _ useful for ch